chemistry chapter 4

3d8

B

5) sodium A) So B) Na C) No D) Sm E) Au

B

4) iron A) Ir B) Fs C) Fe D) In E) FE

C

48) The number of electron levels in a magnesium atom is A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 4. E) 5.

C

14) Which of the following is a characteristic of nonmetals? A) shiny B) malleable C) good conductors of heat D) low melting points E) good conductors of electricity

D

6) potassium A) P B) Po C) Pt D) K E) Ko

D

4s23d8 C)

Kr

3) Sulfur is a nonmetal.

TRUE

electronic configuration 1) Sodium

1s22s22p63s1

5) Magnesium electronic configuration

1s22s22p63s2

6) Phosphorus electronic configuration

1s22s22p63s23p3

4) Sulfur electronic configuration

1s22s22p63s23p4

2) Chlorine electronic configuration

1s22s22p63s23p5

3) Argon electronic configuration

1s22s22p63s23p6

12) The Group 8A(18) elements A) are unreactive and are rarely found in combination with other elements. B) are good conductors of electricity. C) melt at high temperatures. D) are liquids at room temperature. E) react vigorously with water.

A

15) Which of the following elements is a nonmetal? A) nitrogen B) sodium C) iron D) silver E) calcium

A

2) Au is the symbol for A) gold. B) silver. C) argon. D) aluminum. E) sodium.

A

20) Identify the noble gas in the following list. A) helium B) nitrogen C) oxygen D) gold E) chlorine

A

26) Which of the following descriptions of a subatomic particle is correct? A) A proton has a positive charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu. B) An electron has a negative charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu. C) A neutron has no charge and its mass is negligible. D) A proton has a positive charge and a negligible mass. E) A neutron has a positive charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu.

A

3) aluminum A) Al B) Am C) Au D) Sn E) Ag

A

32) Consider a neutral atom with 30 protons and 34 neutrons. The atomic number of the element is A) 30. B) 32. C) 34. D) 64. E) 94.

A

34) Consider a neutral atom with 30 protons and 34 neutrons. The number of electrons in this atom is A) 30. B) 32. C) 34. D) 64. E) 94.

A

35) How many protons are in an isotope of sodium with a mass number of 25? A) 11 B) 14 C) 15 D) 25 E) 32

A

39) The correct symbol for the isotope of potassium with 22 neutrons is A) K. B) K. C) P. D) P. E) K.

A

43) A sample of silicon has three naturally occurring isotopes: Si-28 (mass 28.0 amu); Si-29 (mass 29.0 amu) and Si-30 (mass = 30.0 amu). If the average atomic mass of silicon is 28.1 amu, which isotope is the most abundant? A) Si-28 B) Si-29 C) Si-30 D) All isotopes have the same natural abundance.

A

44) Which of the following is NOT true for the atoms 13N, 14N, and 15N? A) They all have the same mass number. B) They are isotopes. C) They all have the same atomic number. D) They all have 7 protons. E) They all have 7 electrons.

A

51) What is the electron configuration for aluminum? A) 1s22s22p63s23p1 B) 1s22s22p63s23p3 C) 1s22s22p63s23p5 D) 1s22s22p63s23p6 E) 1s22s22p63s23p8

A

60) Valence electrons are electrons located A) in the outermost energy level of an atom. B) in the nucleus of an atom. C) in the innermost energy level of an atom. D) throughout the atom. E) in the first three shells of an atom.

A

8) Ca is the symbol for A) calcium. B) carbon. C) cobalt. D) copper. E) cadmium.

A

2s22p3 B)

Ar

4s23d8 D)

Ar

4s24p4 E)

Ar

17) Which element would have physical and chemical properties similar to chlorine? A) Ar B) Br C) S D) O E) P

B

25) According to the Atomic Theory, A) all atoms are different. B) atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. C) atoms of the same element combine to form compounds. D) all matter is made up of tiny particles called electrons. E) a compound can contain different numbers of atoms as long as it has the same kinds of atoms.

B

27) In an atom, the nucleus contains A) an equal number of protons and electrons. B) all the protons and neutrons. C) all the protons and electrons. D) only neutrons. E) only protons.

B

30) The mass number of an atom can be calculated from A) the number of electrons. B) the number of protons plus neutrons. C) the number of protons. D) the number of electrons plus protons. E) the number of neutrons.

B

36) Consider an isotope of sodium with a mass number of 25. The number of neutrons in this isotope of sodium is A) 11. B) 14. C) 16. D) 25. E) 32.

B

40) Given the following: X, X, X, and X. Which are isotopes of each other? A) X and X are isotopes of each other; and X and X are isotopes of each other. B) X and X are isotopes of each other. C) X, X, X, and X are isotopes of each other. D) None are isotopes of each other.

B

46) The elements sodium, magnesium, and silicon A) are isotopes of each other. B) are in the same period of elements. C) have the same number of neutrons. D) are in the same group. E) have the same mass number.

B

50) What is the element with the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p5? A) Be B) Cl C) F D) S E) Ar

B

52) Which of the following electron configurations is impossible? A) 1s22s22p63s23p1 B) 1s22s42p63s23p3 C) 1s22s22p63s23p5 D) 1s22s22p63s23p6 E) 1s22s22p63s23p3

B

55) The number of electrons in the outer energy level of a neutral atom of boron (atomic number 5) is A) 2. B) 3. C) 5. D) 8. E) 10.

B

5s24d8? A) Ni B) Pd C) Pt D) Kr E) Xe

B

61) In an electron-dot structure of an element, the dots are used to represent A) all of the electrons in the atom. B) the valence electrons. C) the electron arrangement. D) only the electrons that will participate in bond formation. E) the electrons that the element will gain when it forms a compound.

B

66) The atomic size of atoms A) increases going across a period. B) decreases going across a period. C) decreases going down within a group. D) does not change going across a period. E) None of the above.

B

67) The ionization energy of atoms A) decreases going across a period. B) decreases going down within a group. C) increases going down within a group. D) does not change going down within a group. E) None of the above.

B

71) Ionization energy is A) the energy an ion acquires from an electron. B) the energy needed to remove the least tightly bound electron. C) highest for metals in Group 1A (1). D) higher for potassium than for lithium. E) None of the above.

B

9) What elements are in hydroxyapatite, Ca5 (PO4)3OH, a major compound in human bones and teeth? A) carbon, potassium, oxygen, hydrogen B) calcium, phosphorus, oxygen, hydrogen C) carbon, phosphorus, oxygen, helium D) calcium, phosphorus, oxygen, helium E) carbon, potassium, oxygen, helium

B

1) The primary substances of which all other things are composed are A) molecules. B) compounds. C) elements. D) electrons. E) protons.

C

10) Which of the following is a characteristic of the modern periodic table? A) A group is a horizontal row on the periodic table. B) A period is a column on the periodic table. C) The elements in each group have similar chemical properties. D) The B groups contain the representative elements. E) The A groups contain the transition elements.

C

19) What is the symbol of the element in Period 4 and Group 2? A) Be B) Mg C) Ca D) C E) Si

C

22) Semiconductors are located in the periodic table on (or in) the A) left side of the table. B) right side of the table. C) line dividing metals from nonmetals in the table. D) first period of the table. E) last period of the table.

C

37) Which of the following gives the correct numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom of Sn? A) 118 protons, 50 neutrons, 118 electrons B) 118 protons, 118 neutrons, 50 electrons C) 50 protons, 68 neutrons, 50 electrons D) 68 protons, 68 neutrons, 50 electrons E) 50 protons, 50 neutrons, 50 electrons

C

47) The electron arrangement of any particular atom shows A) the number of isotopes possible. B) a description of the shape of each energy level. C) the number of electrons in each energy level. D) a diagram of an atomic nucleus. E) the maximum number of electrons each energy level can hold.

C

59) The number of valence electrons found in an atom of a Group A element is equal to A) its atomic number. B) its mass number. C) its group number. D) eight. E) eight minus the group number.

C

62) How many valence electrons are in the electron-dot structures for the elements in group 3A(13)? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 6

C

65) Which of the following is the correct electron-dot structure for carbon? A) B) C) D) E)

C

69) Of the elements: B, C, F, Li, and Na, the element with the smallest atomic radius is A) B. B) C. C) F. D) Li. E) Na.

C

7) silver A) S B) Si C) Ag D) Au E) AG

C

70) Of the elements: B, C, F, Li, and Na. The element with the highest ionization energy is A) B. B) C. C) F. D) Li. E) Na.

C

74) Of the elements: B, C, F, Li, and Na. The element with the least metallic character is A) B. B) C. C) F. D) Li. E) Na.

C

11) Which of the following properties is NOT a characteristic of the Group 1A(1) elements (alkali metals)? A) They are shiny. B) They are good conductors of heat. C) They react vigorously with water. D) Most of them are liquids at room temperature. E) They are good conductors of electricity.

D

13) Which of the following elements is a metal? A) nitrogen B) fluorine C) argon D) strontium E) phosphorus

D

16) Which of the following elements is a noble gas? A) oxygen B) chlorine C) bromine D) argon E) nitrogen

D

23) The element in this list with chemical properties similar to magnesium is A) sodium. B) boron. C) carbon. D) strontium. E) chlorine.

D

24) The smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of the element is a(n) A) electron. B) neutron. C) proton. D) atom. E) nucleus.

D

29) The number of neutrons in an atom is equal to A) the atomic number. B) the mass number. C) the mass number + the atomic number. D) the mass number - the atomic number. E) the number of protons.

D

31) What is the mass number of an atom of potassium that has 20 neutrons? A) 15 B) 19 C) 35 D) 39 E) 59

D

33) Consider a neutral atom with 30 protons and 34 neutrons. The mass number for this atom is A) 30. B) 32. C) 34. D) 64. E) 94.

D

38) Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have A) different atomic numbers. B) the same atomic numbers but different numbers of protons. C) the same atomic numbers but different numbers of electrons. D) the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons. E) the same atomic mass but different numbers of protons.

D

41) The atomic mass of an element is equal to A) its mass number. B) its atomic number. C) one-twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom. D) a weighted average mass of all of the naturally occurring isotopes of the element. E) the average mass of all of the naturally occurring isotopes of the element.

D

42) A sample of chlorine has two naturally occurring isotopes. The isotope Cl-35 (mass 35.0 amu) makes up 75.8% of the sample, and the isotope Cl-37 (mass = 37.0 amu) makes up 24.3% of the sample. What is the average atomic mass for chlorine? A) 36.0 amu B) 35 amu C) 36.6 amu D) 35.5 amu E) 35.521 amu

D

45) The elements lithium, sodium, and potassium A) are isotopes of each other. B) are in the same period of elements. C) have the same number of neutrons. D) are in the same group. E) have the same mass number.

D

49) The maximum number of electrons that may occupy the third energy level is A) 2. B) 8. C) 10. D) 18. E) 32.

D

53) What is the electron configuration for potassium (atomic number 19)? A) 1s22s22p63s23p7 B) 1s22s22p6 3s23p53d2 C) 1s22s22p83s23p5 D) 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 E) 1s22s22p63s23p54s1

D

56) What is the correct electron configuration for the lithium atom? A) 1s3 B) 2s1 C) 1s12s2 D) 1s22s1 E) 1s22s5

D

64) The number of dots in the electron dot structure of carbon is A) one. B) two. C) three. D) four. E) five.

D

21) Identify the metalloid in the following list. A) sulfur B) fluorine C) silver D) copper E) germanium

E

28) The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of A) nuclei. B) neutrons. C) neutrons plus protons. D) electrons plus protons. E) protons.

E

54) What element has the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p2? A) carbon B) oxygen C) sulfur D) iron E) silicon

E

63) The number of dots in the electron dot structure of nitrogen is A) one. B) two. C) three. D) four. E) five.

E

68) Of the elements: B, C, F, Li, and Na., the element with the largest atomic radius is A) B. B) C. C) F. D) Li. E) Na.

E

72) Of the elements: B, C, F, Li, and Na. The element with the smallest ionization energy is A) B. B) C. C) F. D) Li. E) Na.

E

73) Of the elements: B, C, F, Li, and Na. The element with the most metallic character is A) B. B) C. C) F. D) Li. E) Na.

E

1) The symbol for potassium is P.

FALSE

10) Sulfur has 16 valence electrons.

FALSE

13) The electron configuration of potassium is 1s22s22p63s1.

FALSE

14) A lithium atom is larger than a potassium atom.

FALSE

17) Chlorine has a higher ionization energy than fluorine.

FALSE

18) Ionization energy increases going down a group.

FALSE

5) Radon is a metal.

FALSE

7) Iodine is a metal.

FALSE

8) An electron has a positive charge.

FALSE

57) What is the abbreviated electron configuration for nickel (atomic number 28)? A)

He

58) What is the element with the abbreviated electron configuration

Kr

11) Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

TRUE

12) Potassium has one valence electron.

TRUE

15) A sodium atom is larger than a silicon atom.

TRUE

16) Chlorine has a higher ionization energy than aluminum.

TRUE

19) Atomic size decreases going from left to right within a period.

TRUE

2) The symbol for gold is Au.

TRUE

20) Chlorine has more metallic character than fluorine.

TRUE

4) Chromium is a metal.

TRUE

6) Mercury is a metal.

TRUE

9) Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of an atom.

TRUE

18) What is the symbol of the element in Group 4A(14) and Period 2? A) Be B) Mg C) Ca D) C E) Si

d