Chemistry Chapter 4

Type II compounds

Metal present can form 2 or more cations with different charges

Type I compounds

Metal present forms only one cation

Prefixes Used to Indicate Numbers in Chemical Names

Mono (1) Di (2) Tri (3) Tera (4) Penta (5) Hexa (6) Hepta (7) Octa (8)

Writing Formulas from Names: • Sodium hydroxide • Potassium carbonate • Sulfuric acid • Dinitrogen pentoxide • Cobalt(III) nitrate

NaOH K2CO3 H2SO4 N2O5 Co(NO3)3

Name the following compounds: CO2 SF6 N2O4

carbon dioxide sulfur hexafluoride dinitrogen tetroxide

Polyatomic ions

charged entities composed of several atoms bound together (They have special names and must be memorized.)

Name the following compounds: CuBr FeS PbO2

copper(I) bromide iron(II) sulfide lead(IV) oxide

Exercise Which of the following compounds is named incorrectly? a) K3N (potassium nitride) b) TiO2 (titanium(II) oxide) c) SnBr4 (tin(IV) bromide) d) PBr5 (phosphorus pentabromide) e) CaS (calcium sulfide)

d) PBr5 (phosphorus pentabromide) Correct is: d) PBr5 (pentaphosphorus bromide)

Name the following acids: HNO3 HBr H3PO4

nitric acid hydrobromic acid phosphoric acid

Rules for Naming Type I Ionic Compounds

1) The cation is always named first and the anion second. 2) A simple cation (obtained from a single atom) takes its name from the name of the element. 3) A simple anion (obtained from a single atom) is named by taking the first part of the element name (the root) and adding ide. 4) Write the name for the compound by combining the names of the ions.

Rules for naming Type II Bionary Compounds

1) The first element in the formula is named first, and the full element name is used. 2) The second element is named as though it were an anion. 3) Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of atoms present. 4) The prefix mono is never used for naming the first element.

Naming Type I Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal

For compounds containing both a metal and a nonmetal, the metal is always named first. The nonmetal is named from the root element name.

Rules for naming acids

If the anion does not contain oxygen, the acid is named with the prefix hydro and the suffix ic attached to the root name for the element.

Acid

A molecule with one or more H+ ions attached to an anion

Anion

A negatively charged ion

Cation

A positively charged ion

What is the formula for each of the following compounds? barium chloride copper(I) nitrate iron(III) sulfate phosphorus pentabromide

BaCl2 CuNO3 Fe2(SO4)3 PBr5

Type III Compounds

Contain only nonmetals

Binary ionic compounds

Contain positive cations and negative anions.

Type II Binary Ionic Compounds that contain a metal and nonmetal

Since the metal ion can have more than one charge, a Roman numeral is used to specify the charge

Name the following compounds: K2CO3 Mg(OH)2 (NH4)3PO4

potassium carbonate magnesium hydroxide ammonium phosphate

Name the following: KCl MgBr2 BaO

potassium chloride magnesium bromide barium oxide