Chemistry I: Chapter 6

How many columns of elements does the periodic table contain?

18

How many rows of elements does the periodic table contain?

7

Which correctly describes elements in the same group? A. They have the same number of valence electrons B. They have electrons in the same outermost energy level C. They have the same atomic radius D. They must be in the same state of matter

A. They have the same number of valence electrons

An atom becomes negative charged by A. gaining an electron B. gaining a proton C. losing an electron D. losing a neutron

A. gaining an electron

What is the trend in atomic radii as you move from left-to-right across a period? A. generally decreases B. generally increases C. remains the same D. varies randomly

A. generally decreases

Which is defined as the energy required to remove an electron from an atom of an element in the gaseous state? A. ionization energy B. electronegativity C. ionic radius D. law of octets

A. ionization energy

Which energy level of the period 4 transition elements is being filled with electrons? A. third B. fourth C. fifth D. sixth

A. third

How many electrons does an atom generally need in its outer level to be the most stable? A. 4 B. 8 C. 10 D. 12

B. 8

Which metalloid is in the fourth period and the same group as Carbon? A. Silicon B. Germanium C. Tin D. Boron

B. Germanium

A(n) _____ is an atom, or bonded group of atoms, that has a positive or negative charge. A. halogen B. ion C. isotope D. molecule

B. ion

Which category of elements is commonly used to make computer chips and solar cells due to their ability to conduct electricity only under certain conditions? A. metals B. metalloids C. nonmetals D. noble gases

B. metalloids

Which category of elements have the property of being malleable and ductile? A. gases B. metals C. metalloids D. nonmetals

B. metals

Which block of element Y most likely found if: - Element X: s block; soft, shiny grey metal, highly reactive, lightweight - Element Y: ?; liquid at room temperature, has the highest electronegativity in its period - Element Z: p block; used as a semiconductor due to its electricity-conducting properties A. s B. p C. d D. f

B. p

Which of the following pair is the second particle listed larger than the first? A. K, Ga B. Pb, C C. Br, Br- D. Li, Li+

C. Br, Br-

Which is the halogen that is in Period 5? A. Bromine (Br) B. Strontium (Sr) C. Iodine (I) D. Xenon (Xe)

C. Iodine (I)

Which of the following elements is a metal? A. Boron B. Nitrogen C. Magnesium D. Carbon

C. Magnesium

Identify the period and group numbers of the element with the electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p4 A. Period 2, Group 4 B. Period 3, Group 4 C. Period 3, Group 16 D. Period 2, Group 16

C. Period 3, Group 16

Based on the information below, which element has the greatest number of valence electrons? Hydrogen: 1s1 Lithium: 1s2 2s1 Sodium: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 Potassium: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 A. lithium B. potassium C. They all have the same number of valence electrons D. The table does not show numbers of valence electrons

C. They all have the same number of valence electrons

Which block contains 5 orbitals? A. s B. p C. d D. f

C. d

Most of the elements in group 16 through 18 are classified as A. alkali metals B. inner transition metals C. nonmetals D. alkaline earth metals

C. nonmetals

Atomic radii cannot be measured directly because the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus does not have a clearly defined A. charge B. mass C. outer edge D. probablility

C. outer edge

Which is the most important characteristic in determining an element's chemical properties? A. the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus B. which period it is found in C. the number of valence electrons it contains D. its outermost energy level

C. the number of valence electrons it contains

Which of the following classifications describes the element with the electron configuration [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p5 A. stable metal B. stable nonmetal C. unstable nonmetal D. unstable metal

C. unstable nonmetal

In which pair is the one on the left larger than the one on the right? A. Na, Rb B. S, Mg C. Br, Br- D. K, K+

D. K, K+

Which scientist first arranged elements by atomic number? A. Mendeleev B. Lavoisier C. Newlands D. Mosely

D. Mosely

What do the elements of a group (family) have in common? A. They have the same atomic number B. They have the same atomic mass C. They have the same number of protons D. They have the same number of valence electrons

D. They have the same number of valence electrons

Which of the following electron configurations represents the most chemically stable atom? A. [He] 2s2 2p3 B. [Ne] 3s2 3p5 C. [Ne] 3s2 4s2 3d5 D. [Ne] 3s2 3p6

D. [Ne] 3s2 3p6

Which block on the periodic table contains the actinide series of elements? A. s-block B. p-block C. d-block D. f-block

D. f-block

Elements in the same group have the same A. atomic radius B. energy level of outer electrons C. nuclear charge D. number of valence electrons

D. number of valence electrons

Identify the period and group of the element that has the electron configuration of [Ne] 3s2 3p3 A. period 2, group 2 B. period 3, group 1 C. period 3, group 13 D. period 3, group 15

D. period 3, group 15

The trend in the atomic radii as you move down the group 1 elements is partially due to A. decreased distance of outer electrons B. increased nuclear charge C. increased number of electrons in outer energy level D. shielding by inner electrons

D. shielding by inner electrons

The general trend in the radius of an atom moving down a group is partially accounted for by the A. decrease in mass of the nucleus B. fewer number of filled orbitals C. increase in the charge of the nucleus D. shielding of the outer electrons by inner electrons

D. shielding of the outer electrons by inner electrons

The first periodic table is mostly credited to _____ _____.

Dmitri Mendeleev

What can be said about the electron configurations of all the elements in a group?

They have the same number of valence electrons

The law of octaves did not work for all known elements was not generally _____.

accepted

Group 1 elements (except for hydrogen)

alkali metals

What is the name of the group 1 elements (excluding hydrogen)?

alkali metals

Group 2 elements

alkaline earth metals

What is the name of the group 2 elements?

alkaline earth metals

where are the metalloids located

along stairstep (except aluminum)

In Mendeleev's table, the elements were arranged according to increasing _____ _____.

atomic mass

The element in the periodic table are arranged to increasing _____ _____, as the result of of the work of _____ _____.

atomic number Henry Mosely

What is the trend for atomic radii?

bigger going down, bigger going left

what block are the transition metals located

d block

According to the law of octaves, the properties of the elements repeated every _____ elements.

eight

indication of an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond

electronegativity

One important result of Mendeleev's table was that the existence and properties of undiscovered _____ could be predicted

elements

What is ionization energy?

energy required to remove an electron from an atom

what block are the inner transition metals located

f block

True or False: All the nonmetals on the periodic table are gases

false

True or False: An atom that gains an electron will form a positive ion

false

True or False: Elements in Group 2 are classified as alkali metals

false

True or False: Group 13 elements are the alkaline earth metals

false

True or False: Group 18 elements are very unreactive elements known as transition metals

false

True or False: Metalloids have properties of both metals and inner transition metals

false

True or False: More than 3/4 of the elements in the periodic table are nonmetals

false

True or False: The electronegativity of elements increase from left to right and from top to bottom on the periodic table

false

True or False: The same amount of energy is required to remove each election sequentially from an atom

false

True or False: There are two main classifications of elements

false

What is the trend of electronegativity?

gets bigger going up, gets bigger going right

A column in the periodic table

group

What is another name for a column of elements?

group/family

Group 17 elements

halogens

What is the name of the group 17 elements?

halogens

What is the trend for ionization energy?

increases going up, increases going right

Atom or bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge

ion

energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom

ionization energy

Explain why an atom with high ionization energy value is most not likely to form a positive ion

it needs a lot of energy to remove an electron, so it's not likely

Is most the periodic table metals or nonmetals?

metals

According to the law of octaves element two and _____ have similar properties.

nine

Group 18 elements

noble gases

What is the name of group 18 elements?

noble gases

John Newlands developed the law of _____.

octaves

statement that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons

octet rule

A row in the periodic table

period

What is another name for a row of elements?

period

Statement that when the elements are arranged by increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their chemical and physical properties

periodic law

The modern form of the periodic table result in the _____ _____, which states that when elements are arranged according to increasing atomic number there is a periodic repetition of their chemical and physical _____.

periodic law properties

The arrangement of the modern periodic table is based on number of _____ in the nucleus of an atom of the element.

protons

Groups 1 and 2, 13 through 18

representative elements

Groups 3 through 12

transition elements

True or False: Elements in Group 17 are classified as halogens

true

True or False: Elements in the same family tend to have the same number of valence electrons

true

True or False: Group 1 elements (except for hydrogen) are known as the alkali metals

true

True or False: Group 17 elements are highly reactive nonmetals known as halogens

true

True or False: The octet rule states that atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve the same number of valence electrons

true

True or False: When an atom loses electrons, its radius gets smaller

true