Chemistry

explain, at the particle level, how a thermometer measures the temperature of a system

- 100*C move f=burning -0*C= freezing - particles either move faster or slower, depending on the temperature of the object

explain the basis for the Celsius temperature scale

- added mercury to a tube - increases in hot water - decreases in cold water - mercury 14x denser than any other liquid

what is the prefix for centi

- c - factor 10^-2 - relationship to base unit(x) - 100cx= 1x

state the basic tenets of the Kinetic Molecular Theory(KMT)

- gas particles are in a constant motion, moving in straight lines until they collide with another particle or the wall of the container in which they are enclosed - gas particles experience elastic collisions; ie: they do not eventually " run down" - gas particles do not stick to other particles - the speed of particles is related to their temperature - the pressure of a gas is related to the frequency and impact of the collisions of the gas particles with the sides of the container in which they are enclosed

what is the prefix for kilo

- k - factor 10^3 - relationship to base unit(x) - 1kx= 1,000x

what is the prefix for milli

- m - factor 10^-3 - relationship to base unit(x) - 1,000mx= 1x

Describe the characteristics of solids, liquids and gases in terms of particles and their arrangement: use particle diagrams to account for motion and density differences; describe the process of how the arrangement of particles changes during the phase changes

- solid -> high density, a lot of particle( one swoosh) - liquid-> not as dense(two swooshes) -gas-> very low(three swooshes)

relate observations of diffusion to particle motion and collision in the gas and liquid phase

- the particles move faster and collide move in liquids and gases

Explain why the alcohol level in a thermometer falls when it is placed in a cooler fluid. (3-step process)

- thermal energy is transferred from the thermometer to the cooler liquid - this causes the alcohol particles to slow down - therefore the alcohol will contract

Explain why the alcohol level in a thermometer rises when it is placed in a warmer fluid. (3-step process)

- thermal energy is transferred from the warmer liquid to the thermometer - this causes the alcohol particles to speed up - therefore the alcohol will expand

what is the prefix for micro

- u - factor 10^-6 - relationship to base unit(x) - 1,000,000ux= 1x

Relate observations regarding the addition of energy by warming to increased particle motion

- when you increase temperature/energy that particles move faster - the bond breaks

explain how the Celsius scale was devised and why it is not appropriate to use it when describing the behavior of gases

-Celsius used a tube of mercury, marking the height of the mercury column when he placed the tube in a ice bath of 0*C. When he placed the the tube in a boiling water bath, he marked the mercury column and called that 100*C. he marked it linearly between 0* and 100*. This scale should not be used to describe gases because changes in Celsius temperature do not produce proportional changes in pressure or volume.

what is the prefix for nano

-n - factor 10^-9 - relationship to base unit(x) - 1,000,000,000nx= 1x

relate temperature to thermal energy(Eth) of particles in motion

-thermal energy causes particles to speed up

- the 3 variables P, V and T are interrelated. Any factor that affects the number of collisions has an effect on the pressure. You should be able to: 1. predict the effect of changing P, V or T on any of the other variable equations -> P is proportional to 1/V P is proportional to T V is proportional to T 2. explain(in terms of the collisions of particles) why the change has the effect you predicated 3. Explain the basis of the Kelvin scale. use the absolute temperature scale to solve gas problems 4. use the factors to calculate the new P, V or T. Make a decision as to how the change affects the variable you are looking for

1.-when pressure(p) increases then volume(v) decreases) - when pressure(p) decreases then volume(v) increases - when pressure(p) increases then number of particles (n) increase -when pressure(p) decreases then number of particles (n) decreases - if temperature (in Kelvin) increases then pressure(p) increases by the same factor -if temperature (in Kelvin) decreases then pressure(p) decreases by the same factor 2. - Zero on the Celsius scale was chosen for convenience - zero on the absolute(Kelvin) scale relates to the motion of particles - changes in absolute temperature produces proportional changes in volume or pressure 3. 4. if pressure doubles then volume is cut in half

how many sif fig 120,000

2 sig fig

how many sig fig 0.0023 g

2 sig fig

how many sig fig 0.55 m

2 sig fig

how many cm in an inch

2.54 cm = 1 inch

how many feet are in 1 yard

3 feet = 1 yard

how many sig fig 0.00520 kg

3 sig fig

how many sig fig 205 cm

3 sig fig

how many sig fig 4.00 x 10^4 cm

3 sig fig

how many sig fig 454

3 sig fig

how many sig fig in 2.50 cm

3 sig fig

how many qt in a gal

4 qt= 1 gal

how many g in 1 lb

454 g = 1 lb

how many sig fig 121,450

5 sig fig

how many sig fig 20,001 mm

5 sig fig

how many feet are in 1 mile

5280 feet= 1 mile

how many mL in 1 qt

946 mL= 1 qt

what is the prefix for mega

M - factor 10^6 - relationship to base unit(x) - 1Mx= 1,000,000x