Chemistry Midterm
celcius =
(F-32)/1.8
A chemist weighed out 4.4 g of tungsten. Calculate the number of moles of tungsten she weighed out.
0.024 mol
1 J=
1 kg m^2*s^-2
1 Pa=
1 kg*m^-1*s^-2
Farenheit =
1.8C + 32
speed of light
3.00 x 10^8 m/s
Avogadro's number
6.02 x 10^23
Planck's constant
6.626 x 10^-34
electron attachment reaction F + e- --> F
A reaction in which a neutral atom gains an outer electron is called an electron attachment reaction: the amount of energy will always be electron affinity
Ionization reaction Na --> Na + e-
A reaction in which a neutral atom loses an outer electron is called an ionization reaction: the energy will always be the ionization energy thats given.
atomic mass of an element formula
A= m1p1 + m2p2 + ...
C2H3O2-
Acetate
NH4+
Ammonium
Typical metals...
Are solid at room temperature (except mercury). Conduct electricity and heat well. Are malleable (can be bent without breaking). Are usually shiny white or gray. (Two major exceptions are gold and copper, which have a light yellow and light red tint, respectively.) Have a lower first ionization energy. Form cations in ionic compounds. Are only found in positive oxidation states.
bromate
BrO3-
BrO3−
Bromate
kelvin =
C + 273
Acetate
C2H3O2- CH3COO-
Cyanide
CN-
carbonate
CO3 2-
CO32−
Carbonate
ClO3−
Chlorate
CrO_4^2-
Chromate
chlorate
ClO3-
Chromate
CrO4 2-
CN-
Cyanide
Density formula
D=m/v
hydronium
H3O+
OH-
Hydroxide
Iodate
IO3-
A robot spacecraft returned samples from the planetesimal 98765 Aleks, located in the outer Solar System. Mass-spectroscopic analysis produced the following data on the isotopes of ruthenium in these samples: isotope -- mass -- relative abundance ^100Ru -- 99.90 -- 98.6% ^98Ru -- 97.91 -- 1.4% Use these measurements to complete the entry for ruthenium in the Periodic Table that would be used on 98765 Aleks. Be sure your answers have the correct number of significant digits. ___ Ru ___
In general the atomic mass A of an element can be found by multiplying the mass m of each isotope by the natural abundance p of the isotope, and then adding up the results: 44 Ru 99.9
IO3−
Iodate
kinetic energy formula
KE=1/2mv^2
Typical nonmetals...
May be solids, liquids or gases at room temperature. Usually conduct electricity and heat poorly. (Carbon is an important exception.) Are usually brittle (break before bending) in the solid state. Are usually an unreflective white, or brightly colored, in the solid or liquid state. Have a higher first ionization energy. Form anions in ionic compounds. Are found in both positive and negative oxidation states.
Permanganate
MnO4-
ammonium
NH4+
nitrate
NO3-
NO_3-
Nitrate
NO_2-
Nitrite
Peroxide
O2 2-
hydroxide
OH-
phosphate
PO4 3-
MnO4-
Permanganate
O2 2-
Peroxide
PO43-
Phosphate
sulfate
SO4 2-
SO42−
Sulfate
NH3
ammonia
most common oxoanion
ate
number of electrons
atomic number
Atoms or ions get ______ as you go down along a group of the Periodic Table.
bigger
how do you determine n from the sub shell?
by looking at the number: 1s --> n=1 2p --> n=2 4d --> n=4
v=
c/λ c= speed of light λ= wavelength
A chemistry grad student measures the performance Z of the new pump in his lab. The result is: Z=18.8 kPA*mm^3*s^-1 Convert Z to mJ*s^-1
convert kPA to PA convert PA to 1 kg*m^-1*s^-2 convert mm to m convert kg*m^2*s^-2 to J conver J to mJ answer: Z= 0.0188 mJ*s^-1
electromagnetic spectrum
gamma rays, x rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light (VIBGYOR), infrared, microwave, radio ----->wavelength <----- frequency
higher frequency =
higher energy
E=
hv (h = Planck's constant; v = frequency)
oxoanion with 2 less O atoms
hypo-ite
ionic compound
ionic compound is always made from one metal element and one nonmetal element
when electron is on the right side
it absorbs energy
when electron is on the left side
it releases energy
oxoanion with 1 less O atom
ite
Anions are _____ than a neutral atom of the same element.
larger
number of atoms: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
mono- 1 hexa- 6 di- 2 hepta- 7 tri- 3 octa- 8 tetra- 4 nona- 9 penta- 5 deca- 10
You can always
multiply measurements (g*g = g^2)
the 1s sub shell: n= l= how many states?
n=1 l=0 2 states
the 3p sub shell n= l= how many states?
n=3 l=1 6 states
the 3d sub shell n= l= how many states?
n=3 l=2 10 states
the 4s sub shell n= l= how many states?
n=4 l=0 2 states
the 4p sub shell n= l= how many states?
n=4 l=1 6
the 5p sub shell n= l= how many states?
n=5 l=1 6 states
oxoanion with 1 more O atom
per-ate
for the following sub shells, what does l=? s, p, d, f, g
s=0 p=1 d=2 f=3 g=4
s^3 * s^2 =
s^5
Atoms or ions get ______ as you go from left to right along a period of the Periodic Table.
smaller
Cations are _____ than a neutral atom of the same element.
smaller
Most of the common oxoanions have 3 oxygen atoms, but ________ have 4.
sulfate and phosphate
When you add or subtract measurements,
the only decimal places in the answer that are significant are those that appear in all the measurements.
atomic number on atomic weight on
top bottom
lattice energy increases
up and to the right
A chemistry student needs 70.0g of methyl acetate for an experiment. By consulting the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, the student discovers that the density of methyl acetate is 0.934 g*cm^-3. Calculate the volume of methyl acetate the student should pour out. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
v=m/D answer: 74.9 mL
