chemistry of copper
other reactions of copper (2)?
-Aqueous Copper solution [Cu(H2O)6]2+ reacts with NaOH to make Cu(OH)2 copper (II) Hydroxide aka [Cu(h20)4(oh)2] -You could react with Cu(OH)2 with excess conc NaOH to make [Cu(OH)4]2- -You can react Aqueous Copper solution [Cu(H2O)6]2+ with Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 to make a blue green precipitate CuCO3 copper carbonate, and it also has the oxidation state of 2+
what is copper (ii) ?
Cooper "(II) s the more stable state of the element in copper compounds. In aqueos solutions of copper (II) sulfate, copper (ii) ions are surrounded by 6 water molecules to form the octahedral complex hexaaquacopper (ii) - [Cu(h20)6]2+
to conclude..
Copper (0) does not react with Hcl or dilute H2SO4 (does react with hot concentrated h2so4 ), but it will with nitric acid, making Cu(NO3)2 + NO (copper II nitrate) Copper I isnt that stable, only as complexes, at high temps and as a aqueous solution. It likes to disproportionate. It is available as CuI (white) , CuCl (copper I Chloride) white insoluble solid, Cu2O reddy-brown solid insoluble
how can copper (i) be stabilized?
Copper (I) can be stabilized in solution by adding conc HCl acid to form a complex CuCl+ Cl- → [CuCl2]- dichlorocuprate (I). Copper one chloride is made by boiling copper two chloride with concentrated hcl,, this makes [CuCl4]2-. Then react with with cooper to reduce it, which forms [CuCl2]. DARK GREENY BROWN SOLUTION. Then pour this mixture into cold water and a white precipiate of copper (I) chloride
how can copper (i) be made?
Copper (I) iodide is precipiated as a white solid tinged by the iodine also formed, when potassium iodide solution is added to cooper (II) sulfate solution CuSO4 + KI→ CuI + I2 + K2SO4 OR 2CU+2 + 4I- → 2CuI + I2 When an alkaline solution of copper (ii) sulfate is reduce by glucose or an aldehyde, a red solid is precipitated Cu2O is made
Reaction with H2SO4:
Cu + H2SO4→ CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O. Which is bright blue. If its a hydrated salt, it will be [Cu(H20)6]2+. Copper has been oxidized to the 2 plus state.
the different electron configurations
Has the electronic configuration of [Ar] 3D10, 4S1 Copper (I) has [Ar] 3D10 , so as Cu (I), it has a full d shell, so wont form a coloured compound. Useful to remember Copper (II) has [Ar] 3D9, so is partially full, so it will form a coloured compound.
the states of copper (i)
It is unstable in aqueous solution and exists only at high temps, when insoluble and precipitated, and in complexes They like to disproportionate, they get reduced to Cu and oxidized to Cu2+. eg Cu2SO4→ Cu + CuSO4
What happens when ammonia is added?
a precipitate of hydrated copper (ii) hydroxide is formed. [Cu(h20)6]2+ + 2NH3→ [cu(oh)2(h20)4] + 2NH4+
then if you add more ammonia you are causing a) what type of reaction? b) what happens? c) the eq
a) a ligand exchange reaction b) a ligand exchange reaction with four water molecules in the complex being replaced by NH3, this makes an deep inky blue tetraaminocopper (II) complex c) [Cu(oh)2(H2O)4] + 4NH4 → [Cu(NH3)4(H20)2) + 2OH- + 2H2O
THEN if you add more ammonia you are causing a ligand exchange reaction with four water molecules in the complex being replaced
by NH3, this makes an deep inky blue tetraaminocopper (II) complex [Cu(oh)2(H2O)4] + 4NH4 → [Cu(NH3)4(H20)2) + 2OH- + 2H2O
what is the most stable oxidation state of copper?
copper +2
When exposed to oxygen in the presence of carbon dioxide..
copper is oxidised very slowly to form a green film of basic copper (II) carbonate CuCO3.cu(OH)2
copper only reacts with acids under...
under oxidizing conditions- it is not affected by HCl.
but copper does react with
with dilute and concentrated nitric acid to form copper (II) nitrate. Cu(NO3)2 which is a blue solution.
