Chemistry Review

Density is _____ to pressure.

directly proportional try volatility??

The molecular weight of H2 and the mass of 1 mole of H2 are _____.

equal quantities

The Law of Conservation of Mass states the mass of the products must be ____ the mass of the reactants in any chemical reaction

equal to

Which is the correct measure of density?

g/cm3

A gas occupies 200 mL at -73°C. To have the same gas occupy 300 mL: Should the temperature be increased or decreased? What is the new temperature in Kelvins? K

increased 300K

On the periodic table, elements are arranged by _____.

increasing atomic number

Forming a hypothesis is accomplished through reasoning.

inductive

The rocks and minerals of the earth consist of ____________ compounds.

inorganic

Select all that apply. A scientific law:

is generally accepted as true has never been found to be in error has no known contradictions

When an explanation to a problem is accepted as always true, it is a:

law

1. fixed volume; variable shape 2. fixed volume; fixed shape 3. variable volume; variable shape

liquid solid gas

Water boils at a_______ temperature at a higher altitude than it does at sea level.

lower

Compounds which are found naturally in the earth are called:

minerals

A theory which repeatedly fails to confirm the expected predictions:

needs to be modified

Which of these is an appropriate instrument to measure mass?

not Scale

A direct relationship can be represented by:

not xy=k

An inverse relationship can be represented by:

not y/x=k

Descriptions based on measurements or reasoning free of bias are:

objective

The biosphere of the earth is made up of _______ compounds.

organic

An excellent tool to gauge the reliability of any theory is its capacity to generate accurate .

predictions

What are the foundations of beliefs from which a person begins to reason called?

presupposition

Initial ideas that are believed to be true and from which a person begins to reason are called:

presuppositions

A solution which contains maximum solute at a given temperature is:

saturated

The substance which is dissolved in a solution is called a:

solute

A _____ is a uniform mixture of molecules or ions of one substance in another. These substance will not separate by ordinary means.

solution

Hardness is indirectly related to:

strength of chemical bonds

A mixture in which the particles eventually settle out is called a .

suspension

Define volume.

the space occupied by a quantity of matter

The size of the chosen symbols on a graph may be used to indicate the:

the uncertainty of the data

A hypothesis which appears to be verified by multiple experiments and/or researchers may become a .

theory

Select all that apply. A direct relationship occurs when:

two variables increase at the same time two variables decrease at the same time

Which temperature conversion is correct?

°C = K - 273

125 K = ______°C

-148

Which of the following is not equal to 0.35 centimeters?

0.00035 hm

Which of the following is not equal to 11.6 millimeters?

0.00116 m

Which of the following is not equal to 42.7 millimeters?

0.00427 m

Convert 4.75 mL to liters.

0.00475 L

Select all that apply. Which of the following measurements have 1 significant figure?

0.007 7000

Convert 0.00726 grams to milligrams.

0.00726 mg

Express as ordinary numbers. 8.97 x 10-3 =

0.00897

What is the smallest division that you should record for measurements using this balance?

0.01 g

Select all that apply. Which of the following measurements have 3 significant figures?

0.0882 m 0.8820 m 882.0 m

What is the smallest division written on the balance?

0.1 g

5.00 g of magnesium represents how many moles? moles

0.206

Covert 0.000626L to cm3.

0.626 cm3

Which of the following is not equal to 63 meters?

0.63 dkm

How many liters are in a cubic meter?

1,000

(MC) Convert 0.0155 kg to mg.

1,500 mg

Select all that apply. 1,670 cm3 =

1,670 mL 1.67 L

Which of the following measurements has 2 significant figures?

100 cm

Read the following graduated cylinder.

12.799 mL

Assuming these numbers are measurements, how many significant figures are allowed in the answer to this multiplication problem? (2.4 x 109) (4.0 x 1023) =

2

Measure the length of the line within the amount of uncertainty.

21.5 mm

Read the following graduated cylinder

22.5 mL

Round 23.455 to 4 significant digits:

23.46

Read this balance.

265.0 g

Solve the following mole-mass problem. Refer to the periodic table. How much mass does 0.1 mole of neon contain?

2g

Express the answer in scientific notation & observe significant figure rules. (1.8 x 10-2) ÷ (9 x 102) =

2x10-5

Solve the following mole-mass problem. Refer to the periodic table. How much mass does 0.50 mole of copper contain?

31.8 g??

Which of the following is not equal to 0.0326 kilometers?

326000 mm

63°C = ________ K

336

Express as ordinary numbers. 3.4 x 104 =

34,000

A scientist wished to carry out a chemical reaction in which two moles of aluminum combine with three moles of sulfur. He has 2.70 g of aluminum to react. How many grams of sulfur must he take to satisfy all the aluminum atoms?

4.81 g

Read the following graduated cylinder.

47.2 mL

Read the following graduated cylinder.

47.2ml

Express in scientific notation. 0.000543 =

5.43 x 10-4

Which of the following is not equal to 0.005 meters?

50 mm

Round 6.362 to 2 significant digits:

6.4

An unknown insoluble substance displaced the water shown. Its mass is indicated on the triple beam balance. Mass =

693.8

Assuming the volume of the insoluble substance to be 92.5 mL and the mass to be 693.8 g, what is the density of the substance? Be sure to use the correct number of significant figures.

7.50 g/mL

Which one of the following is not equal to 72.6 grams?

726 cg

A 25 liter sample of steam at 100°C and 1 atm is cooled to 25°C and expanded until the pressure is 20. mmHg. If no water condenses, calculate the final volume of the water vapor. V2 = _____ L

760

Convert 8,740 cm3 to liters.

8.74 L

Which of the following measurements has 4 significant figures?

800.0 g

The number 89.667 rounded off to three significant figures is _____________.

89.7

What is the length of the object shown?

9.77 cm

The unknown sample has a mass of:

90.495 g

An unknown insoluble substance displaced the water shown. Its mass is indicated on the triple beam balance. Volume of water displaced___________.

92.5

Which of the following is a chemical property?

?? Not density

1. the correctness of measurement 2. the measure of the distance from one point to another 3. a measure of the quantity of matter in an object 4. how spread out the results of an experiment are or, how repeatable measurements are; often dependent on the certainty with which an estimation can be made 5. space occupied by a quantity of matter

accuracy length mass precision volume

A substance that is made up of all identical atoms is:

an element

1. the simplest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element 2. a group of elements that tend to give up electrons 3. a primary substance that cannot be divided into separate substances 4. composed of dissimilar parts which can be separated easily 5. even distribution of parts throughout the whole mixture 6. compounds that do not contain the element carbon 7. a change from one state of matter to another 8. a change in shape, size, or physical characteristics but remaining the same substance

atom metal element heterogeneous homogeneous inorganic phase change physical change

The Kinetic Molecular Theory helps explain relationships between:

atoms, energy, temperature, phases

1. a uniform dispersion, heterogeneous in nature, between two or more substances 2. the group of elements that are good conductors of electricity and heat; solids except for mercury 3. two or more substances dispersed in one another but each retaining their own identity 4. the group of elements that are poor conductors of electricity and heat; mostly liquids and gases 5. two or more elements joined together such that the elements have lost their individual identities

colloid metal mixture nonmetal compound

Scientific predictions should be made from:

deductive reasoning

1. a prediction made or conclusion drawn from insight gained from an established principle 2. when two variables change in the same direction, one remaining larger than the other by the same factor 3. an initial proposed explanation for the phenomenon 4. one variable becomes larger and the other variable becomes smaller by the same factor 5. a relationship that is accepted as true and no longer needs to be tested and verified 6. real reasoning based on data or facts 7. initial idea which is believed to be true 8. a generalized model used to explain observations

deductive reasoning direct relationship hypothesis inverse relationship law objective presupposition theory

1. a hypothesis that equal volumes of gas under equal conditions have equal numbers of molecules 2. the number of particles in a mole of a substance; equals 6.02 x 1023 particles per mole 3. the inverse relationship such that as pressure increases, volume decreases 4. the direct relationship such that as temperature increases, volume increases 5. this law is derived from combining Boyle's and Charles' Laws into one 6. the process of intermingling molecules from one substance into another by random motion 7. the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction based on the Conservation of mass 8. the energy of motion which is represented as K.E.=1/2 mv2 9. all matter is particulate, in continuous motion, and increasingly spread out from solids to gases 10. one atomic weight of an atom or molecular weight of a molecule expressed in grams 11. the substance yielded as a result of a chemical reaction 12. one of the starting substances (ingredients) that is involved in a chemical reaction

Avogadro's hypothesis Avogadro's number Boyle's Law Charles' Law Combined Gas Law diffusion equation kinetic energy Kinetic Molecular Theory mole product reactant

Which balance is the centigram balance?

B

Balance the following equation by adding the correct mole numbers. P4 + C12 → PCl3

Blank 6 4

_________ is defined as the direct relationship between temperature and volume of gases such that as temperature (absolute scale) increases, volume increases by the same fraction of change.

Charles's Law

What does the term "compound" mean?

Choose 1 two or more elements joined together such that the elements have lost their individual identities in favor of a new set of properties a change in shape, size, or physical characteristics, but remaining the same substance

Type the symbols for the elements listed below. magnesium potassium iron lead

Mg K Fe Pb

In a _____, the substances retain their individual chemical and physical properties.

Mixture

Select all that apply. Which properties are characteristic of true solutions?

Particles are suspended indefinitely. Particles are dissolved. ??

_____ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of a gas.

Temperature

The scattering of light by a colloid is called the .

Tyndall Effect