Chemistry Semester 1 Exam Prep

When the elements of group 2 lose their valence electrons, what would be their charge?

+2

The temperature at the point of intercept of the plotted data with the Temperature axis is:

-273 C

What factor(s) may be responsible for the ionization energy within a period? Select all that apply.

-The diameter of the atom decreases somewhat as electrons are added. -The attractive force of the nucleus increases.

Complete the sentence. Select all that apply. The emission of a Beta particle has the effect of:

-no change in mass -adding a proton of zero mass to the nucleus

The discoveries of Niels Bohr were:

-orbits of electrons -quantum energy emissions

Marie and Pierre's discoveries included:

-radium -polonium

How is the number 3.91 x 10-4 expressed in regular numbers?

0.000391

At what approximate temperature and pressure can all three phases of water exist simultaneously?

0.01 C, 4.58 mm Hg

Choose the number of significant figures indicated. 0.06

1

Choose the number of significant figures indicated. 90

1

Each degree on the Kelvin scale equals:

1 C

How many electrons will metals generally have in their outer shell?

1-3

applied quantum theory to atoms

Bohr

Using the periodic table, choose the more reactive non-metal. At or Br

Br

Using the periodic table, choose the more reactive non-metal. Br or As

Br

How is condensation explained by the Kinetic Molecular Theory?

Cooling reduces particle motion, resulting in coalescence by attractive forces.

research on radioactivity

Curie

The person given credit for the first modern atomic theory was _____.

Dalton

father of atomic theory

Dalton

TEST 4

EXPLORING LAWS FOR GASES AND CONSERVATION OF MASS

Choose the number of significant figures indicated. 3.820

4

What does the 4 indicate in 1s22s22p4?

4 electrons

What is the approximate vapor pressure when the gas condenses at 80oC?

430

When writing 6,020,000 in scientific notation, it is correctly written as:

6.02 x 106

According to the following electron structure, how many valence electrons do these fluorine atoms have? F = 1s22s22p5

7

All answers should have the correct number of significant figures. (386)(204) = _____

7.87 x 10^4

A student is asked to convert measurements from meters to millimeters and from millimeters to meters. His answers are shown in bold below. On which choice did he make a mistake? 9,070 mm = 90.7 m 652,222 mm= 652.222 m 37,500 mm = 37.5 m 1.02 x 106 mm = 1020 m

9,070 mm = 90.7 m

TEST 1

AN INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY AND METRIC MEASUREMENT

Why does the ionization energy change when moving down a group of elements?

The attractive force on the valence electrons decreases as the atom gets larger.

discovered electron

Thomson

Which is the correct measure of density?

g/cm^3

Which of the following radioactive emissions is the most penetrating?

gamma rays

variable volume; variable shape

gas

An alpha particle is equivalent to:

helium ion

market research

information chemist

If you move an object from the base of a mountain to the top of the mountain:

only mass remains constant

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table represents a

period

A theory which repeatedly fails to confirm the expected predictions after extensive research:

probably is incorrect

finds practical applications

product development

manufacturing

production

All atoms of the same element have the same number of:

protons

An observation that requires measurement is called

quantitative

What is the primary cause of diffusion?

random internal motion of atoms and molecules

fixed volume; fixed shape

solid

Conclusions drawn from personal beliefs are:

subjective

services equipment

technician

Which energy level requires the most energy to remove an electron?

the innermost shell

The definition of volume is:

the space occupied by mass

In order for a high temperature boiler or steam engine to produce superheated steam:

the system must be pressurized

A hypothesis which appears to be verified by multiple experiments and/or researchers may become a:

theory

All the nonmetals have some similar physical properties.

true

Drawing a conclusion derived from knowledge of an established principle is called deductive reasoning.

true

Each element possesses unique chemical and physical properties.

true

Hardness may be defined as the resistance of a material to scratching.

true

If temperature is held constant for an ideal gas, as P and V change for a given gas sample, the PV products will be constant.

true

Mass is measured against a standard by using a balance.

true

Scientists have not yet determined exactly why electrons do not collapse into the nucleus.

true

The Law of Definite Proportions states that substances combine in predictable proportions and that excess reactants remain unchanged.

true

The state of water is determined solely by the conditions of pressure and temperature.

true

The various components of a mixture do not combine chemically.

true

In the reaction 2NaCl + 2H2O2NaOH + Cl2 + H2, the reactants should:

weigh the same as the products

Volume is a measure of the quantity of matter in an object.

false

TEST 3

THE DISCOVERY OF ATOMS: NATURE'S BUILDING BLOCKS

All answers should have the correct number of significant figures. (6.93 x 10^1) (2.0 x 10^-4) = _____

1.4 x 10^-2

Complete the following reaction.

14 6

What is the maximum number of electrons in the following energy level? n = 3

18

What is the electron structure of sodium?

1s22s22p63s1

Atomic Number: 10

1s: 2 2s: 2 2p: 6 3s: 0 3p: 0 4s: 0 3d: 0 4p: 0 5s: 0

Choose the number of significant figures indicated. 0.078

2

What is the maximum number of electrons in the following energy level? n = 1

2

Choose the number of significant figures indicated. 0.00666

3

Choose the number of significant figures indicated. 60.0

3

A student is asked to convert measurements from liters to milliliters and from milliliters to liters. His answers are shown in bold below. On which choice did he make a mistake? 0.402 L = 402 mL 0.0202 L = 20.2 mL 3.6 L = 360 mL 11.1 L = 11,100 mL

3.6 L = 360 mL

Which graph best shows an inverse relationship?

One going down from left to write and is curved

theoretical research

R&D

Using the periodic table, choose the more reactive metal. Ca or Ra

Ra

Which element in period 5 is the most active metal?

Rb

"open spaces" model

Rutherford

TEST 2

STARTING THE INVESTIGATION: HOW TO IDENTIFY ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS, AND MIXTURES

expressed particles by wave equations

Schrödinger

Which is not a physical property?

ability to combine with oxygen

Which of the following electron configurations for neutral atoms is correct?

argon: 1s22s22p63s23p6

Select all the items that are related to compounds.

chemical bonding new physical properties

Pure sugar is an example of a(n):

compound

short- and long-term objectives

corporate management

J. J. Thomson is credited with the discovery of:

electrons

A quantum is a unit of:

energy

quality of life

environmental engineer

A mixture of uneven distribution and easy separation is called homogeneous.

false

A solution which contains maximum solute at a given temperature is supersaturated.

false

Colloidal particles will eventually settle out.

false

Research has shown that the electrons orbit the nucleus in circular motions as shown on the classic Bohr model.

false

Solids and liquids have both mass and volume, but a gas has only mass.

false

The Mohs hardness scale increases linearly from 1 to 10.

false

The three aspects of the measuring process are units, systems, and instruments.

false

An atom that gains or loses one or more electrons is called a(n) _____.

ion

patent rights

legal services

fixed volume; variable shape

liquid

sales

marketing

Can colloidal suspensions be separated out by filtration?

no