Chemistry - Semester 2 Final Exam Review

Consider the nuclear equation below. Superscript 222 subscript 86 upper R n right arrow superscript 218 subscript question mark upper P o plus superscript 4 subscript 2 upper H e. Which is the missing value that will balance the equation? 84 86 88 90

84

Which proportionality shows the result of combining Avogadro's law with Boyle's law?

B.

Consider the hydrocarbon below. A skeletal model has line segments that slant down, run flat in a double bond, slant up, and run flat. Which of these is a trans- isomer of the above hydrocarbon? A skeletal model with a 6 carbon chain, with a double bond between the second and third carbon. A skeletal model with line segments that slant up, run flat in a double bond, slant down, run flat, and slant down again. A skeletal model of a 5 carbon chain with a double bond between the first and second carbons. A skeletal model with line segments that slant up, fun flat in a double bond, slant up, and run flat.

D. A skeletal model with line segments that slant up, fun flat in a double bond, slant up, and run flat.

Look at the diagram of a fuel cell below. Which statement describes how electrons move if oxidation occurs on the left side of the cell and reduction occurs on the right side? Electrons move from left to right through Electrons move from right to left through A. Electrons move from left to right through M. Electrons move from right to left through M.

Electrons move from left to right through M.

Which energy changes are associated with a liquid freezing? Energy is released as potential energy increases. Energy is absorbed as potential energy increases. Energy is released as potential energy decreases. Energy is absorbed as potential energy decreases.

Energy is released as potential energy decreases.

Four different solutions (I, II, III, and IV) are labeled on the pH scale below. Why would solution IV be considered the most concentrated base out of the four substances? It has the highest concentration of hydrogen ions. It has the highest concentration of hydronium ions. It has the highest concentration of oxide ions. It has the highest concentration of hydroxide ions.

It has the highest concentration of hydroxide ions.

The volume of a gas decreases to half of its original volume, but the gas maintains the same number of moles and temperature. According to the ideal gas law, what will most likely happen to the pressure? It will double. It will decrease. It will increase slightly. It will remain the same.

It will double.

Which salt is produced when NH4OH reacts with HNO3? KNO2 NaNO3 NH4NO3 NH4NO2

NH4NO3

The two products that are formed when a solution of HNO3 and a solution of NaOH react are water and NaNO2. NaNO3. NaHNO. NaHNO3.

NaNO3

Brownian motion is not observed in a mixture that includes two phases. Which best identifies the mixture? a colloid a suspension a solution an alloy

a suspension

Which headings should be used to complete this table? A 2-column table with 2 rows. Columns are labeled with question marks. Column 1: R single bonded to X; C equals F, upper C l, upper B r, or I; organic solvent. Column 2: R single bonded to N H 2; weak base, biochemical processes, foul-smelling. ether (left column); ester (right column) ketone (left column); aldehyde (right column) alkyl halide (left column); amine (right column) alcohol (left column); carboxylic acid (right column)

alkyl halide (left column); amine (right column)

A large atom decays and emits a particle. After the reaction is complete, the atom's mass has changed substantially. What kind of particle has most likely been emitted? alpha particle beta particle positron photon

alpha particle

Which of the following is the last step in performing a titration? finding out which pH indicator works determining the concentration of an unknown base finding the number of moles of product produced in a reaction determining the molecular masses of the products in the reaction

determining the concentration of an unknown base

After a radioactive atom decays, it is the same element that it was before with no measurable change in mass. Which kind of decay has occurred, and how do you know? alpha decay because alpha particles have no mass beta decay because this kind of decay cannot change one element into another alpha decay because it creates a new isotope of the same element gamma decay because photons have no mass

gamma decay because photons have no mass

Which of these factors will cause a solid solute to dissolve faster? increasing the air temperature increasing the amount of solute increasing the amount of solvent increasing the surface area of solute

increasing the surface area of solute

Look at the diagram of a fuel cell used to power a motorized vehicle. Which part of the fuel cell does A represent? anode cathode electrolyte motor

motor

The brothers pictured below are identical twins. The boys in this picture look alike because their bodies contain identical carbohydrates. lipids. nucleic acids. proteins.

nucleic acids

Which type of macromolecule is made up of subunits that are called amino acids? carbohydrate lipid nucleic acid protein

protein

Which factor influences both solubility and the rate of dissolution? pressure temperature particle size nature of solvent

temperature

The overall change in enthalpy of a reaction depends only on the reactants and the products. the path that is taken from the reactants to the products. the reactants and the catalysts only. the reactants, the products, and the catalysts.

the reactants and the products

The molar mass of KCl is 74.55 g/mol. If 8.45 g KCl are dissolved in 0.750 L of solution, what is the molarity of the solution? Use molarity = moles of solute/liters of solution. 0.113 M 0.151 M 6.62 M 11.3 M

0.151 M

Which functional group is found in methanol? R single bond O single bond R. Single bond N H Subscript 2 Single bond O H. R single bond X.

Single bond O H.

What effect does supercritical mass have on a nuclear reaction? The reaction rate increases. The reaction produces less energy. The reaction involves increased fusion. The reaction produces fewer neutrons.

The reaction rate increases.

Hydrogen fuel cells that operate at lower temperatures use more expensive platinum electrode catalysts. What helps to make up for the higher-cost electrodes? They use a cheaper fuel. They operate at a higher efficiency. They use a reaction that is not redox. They produce fewer emissions.

They operate at a higher efficiency.

Which of the following is a simple definition of reduction? the loss of electrons the gain of electrons an agent that oxidizes something an agent that reduces something

the gain of electrons