chemistry test review ★ unit 9
The general formula for the alkene series is:
CnH2n
The general formula for the alkane series is:
CnH2n+2
distillation
The process of evaporating a liquid and condensing the vapors to form a pure substance.
hydrocarbon
a chemical compound composed of only hydrogen and carbon
The major reaction of the unsaturated compounds is:
addition
A major source of today's medicine is:
coal
The typical reaction of the saturated hydrocarbons is:
combustion
amorphous
composed of a non-planar structure
crystalline
composed of a series of symmetrical planes
Bonding atoms with similar electronegativity values form __________ bonds.
covalent
Apparently, the first organic compound synthesized in a lab was ________.
urea
Substances which are easily vaporized are called _________.
volatile
Which of the following is NOT one of the three forms of solid carbon? a) wood b) diamond c) graphite d) amorphous
wood
Three major sources of organic compounds are:
- petroleum - coal - natural gas
Saturated hydrocarbons contain carbon and hydrogen atoms that have ____ bond(s).
1
volatile
Easily changes to a gas or vapor.
All organic compounds contain carbon.
True
Carbon chains can form branches and cross-links.
True
Carbon has four valence electrons.
True
Coal is a major source of medicine.
True
Coke is used to manufacture steel.
True
Hydrocarbons are most useful as a source of stored:
energy
alkanes
functional group including chain and branch-chain saturated hydrocarbons
saturated hydrocarbon
hydrocarbons containing only single bonds
Valence electrons are found:
in the outer shell of atoms
unsaturated hydrocarbon
organic compounds one or more double or triple bonds present
electronegativity
the degree of attraction of one atom for the valence electrons of another atom
Arrange the following alkanes in order of increasing boiling point, with one being the lowest and five being the highest.
1. methane 2. ethane 3. hexane 4. octane 5. decane
Match these items. Match the items in the left column to the items in the right column.
1. number of different organic compounds = 1,000,000 + 2. major source of medicine = coal 3. major problem in burning soft coal = pollution 4. residue of coal decomposition = coke 5. first organic compound synthesized = urea
The electron configuration for carbon is:
1s2 2s2 2p2
Carbon has ____ valence or bonding electrons.
4
The carbon atom has a total of ______ electrons
6
All organic compounds are products of living things.
False
Ammonia, NH3, is an organic compound.
False
Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen
True
Hydrocarbons having the same formula but variations in structure are called isomers.
True
Methane, CH4, is an organic compound and a hydrocarbon
True
Most carbon compounds are formed by sharing electrons with carbon.
True
One organic compound is C2H6.
True
One organic compound is C6H14.
True
Organic compounds are carbon compounds.
True
Carbon compounds are mostly ionic in nature.
False
Isomers have the same physical properties because the chemical formulas are identical.
False
Organic compounds cannot be synthesized.
False
fractional distillation
Used to separate the various compounds of a liquid mixture.
isomer
a molecule composed of the same molecular formula, but different structural formula than another compound
Which series is the most reactive series?
alkyne
There are more inorganic than organic compounds.
False
The unsaturated hydrocarbons will react readily with other elements or compounds.
True
alkenes
functional group of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing double bonds
alkynes
functional group of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing triple bonds
A straight-chained hydrocarbon with this formula C5H10:
has a double paired C-C bond
