Chemistry

The p orbitals are shaped like a. electrons b. circles c. dumbbells d. spheres

c. dumbbells

A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound is called a. electron affinity b. electron configuration c. electronegativity d. ionization potential

c. electronegativity

Louis de Broglie's research suggested that a. frequencies of electron waves do not correspond to specific energies b. electrons usually behave like particles and rarely like waves c. electrons should be considered as wave confined to the space around an atomic nucleus d. electron waves exist at random frequencies

c. electrons should be considered as wave confined to the space around an atomic nucleus

An electron for which n=4 has more __________ than an electron for which n=2. a. spin b. particle nature c. energy d. wave nature

c. energy

Bohr's theory helped explain why a. electrons have negative charge b. most of the mass of the atom is in the nucleus c. excited hydrogen gas gives off certain colors of light d. atoms combine to form molecules

c. excited hydrogen gas gives off certain colors of light

To which block do the actinide elements belong? a. d block b. s block c. f block d. p block

c. f block

The energy of a photon is related to its a. mass b. speed c. frequency d. size

c. frequency

The electron in a hydrogen atom has its lowest total energy when the electron is in its a. neutral state b. excited state c. ground state d. quantum state

c. ground state

The most reactive group of the nonmetals is the a. lanthanides b. transition elements c. halogens d. noble gases

c. halogens

The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in the same atom can a. occupy the same orbital b. have the same spin quantum numbers c. have the same set of quantum numbers d. be at the same main energy level

c. have the same set of quantum numbers

Because c, the speed of electromagnetic radiation, is a constant, the wavelength of the radiation is a. proportional b. equal to its frequency c. inversely proportional to its frequency d. double its frequency

c. inversely proportional to its frequency

The first member of the noble gas family, whose highest energy level consists of an octet of electrons, is a. helium b. argon c. neon d. krypton

c. neon

The periodic law states that the properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers. What determines the position of each element in the periodic table? a. mass number b. number of neutrons c. number of protons d. number of isotopes

c. number of protons

Because excited hydrogen atoms always produce the same line-emission spectrum, scientists concluded that hydrogen a. had no electrons b. did not release photons c. released photons of only certain energies d. could only exist in the ground state

c. released photons of only certain energies

Two electrons in the 1s orbital must have different spin quantum numbers to satisfy a. quantum rule b. the magnetic rule c. the Pauli exclusion principle d. the Aufbau principle

c. the Pauli exclusion principle

What are the radioactive elements with atomic numbers from 90-103 called? a. the noble gases b. the lanthanides c. the actinides d. the rare-earth elements

c. the actinides

According to the particle model of light, certain kinds of light cannot eject electrons from metals because a. the mass of the light is too low b. the frequency of the light is too high c. the energy of the light is too low d. the wavelength of the light is too short

c. the energy of the light is too low

In the elements shown in the figure below, the s sublevel of the highest occupied energy level (see iPad) a. always contains one electron b. always contains two electrons c. varies in the number of electrons it contains d. is always empty

c. varies in the number of electrons it contains

Evidence gathered since Mendeleev's time indicates that a better arrangement than atomic mass for elements in the periodic table is an arrangement by a. mass number b. atomic number c. group number d. series number

b. atomic number

In nature, the alkali metals occur as a. elements b. compounds c. complex ions d. gases

b. compounds

The change of an atom from an excited state to the ground state always requires a. absorption of energy b. emission of electromagnetic radiation c. release of visible light d. an increase in electron energy

b. emission of electromagnetic radiation

The equation E=hv helped Louis de Broglie determine a. how protons and neutrons behave in the nucleus b. how electron wave frequencies correspond to specific energies c. whether electrons behave as particles d. whether electrons exist in a limited number of orbits with different energies

b. how electron wave frequencies correspond to specific energies

Elements to the right side of the periodic table (p-block elements) have properties most associated with a. gases b. nonmetals c. metals d. metalloids

b. nonmetals

If the s and p orbitals of the highest main energy level of an atom are filled with electrons, the atom has a(n) a. electron pair b. octet c. empty d orbital d. electron in an excited state

b. octet

When determining the size of an atom by measuring the distance between bonded, identical my adjacent nuclei, the radius of an atom is a. equal to the distance between nuclei b. one-half the distance between nuclei c. twice the distance between nuclei d. one-fourth the distance between nuclei

b. one-half the distance between nuclei

The set of orbitals that are dumbbell shaped and directed along the x, y, and z axes are called a. d orbitals b. p orbitals c. f orbitals d. s orbitals

b. p orbitals

In groups 13-18, valence electrons may be in sublevels a. s and d b. s and p c. d and f d. p and d

b. s and p

The electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared when atoms form compounds are called a. ions b. valence electrons c. d electrons d. electron clouds

b. valence electrons

How many more electrons are needed to completely fill the third main energy level if it already contains 8 electrons? a. 0 b. 8 c. 10 d. 22

c. 10

The electron notation for aluminum (atomic number 13) is a. 1s2, 2s2, 2p3, 3s2, 3p3, 3d1 b. 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 2d1 c. 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p1 d. 1s2, 2s1, 2p9

c. 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p1

The number of possible different orbital shapes for the third energy level is a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

c. 3

How many electrons are needed to completely fill the 4th energy level? a. 8 b. 18 c. 32 d. 40

c. 32

The electron configuration of an element is [Kr] 4d6, 5s1. To what group does this element belong? a. Group 2 b. Group 5 c. Group 6 d. Group 8

c. Group 6

Calcium, atomic number 20, has the electron configuration [Ar] 4s2. In what period is calcium? a. Period 2 b. Period 4 c. Period 8 d. Period 2

b. Period 4

The electron configuration of cesium, atomic number 55, is [Xe] 6s2. In what period is cesium? a. Period 1 b. Period 6 c. Period 8 d. Period 55

b. Period 6

The most characteristic property of the noble gases is that they a. have low boiling points b. are radioactive c. are gases at ordinary temperatures d. are largely unreactive

d. are largely unreactive

Within the p-block elements, the elements at the top of the tables compared with those at the bottom, a. have larger radii b. are more metallic c. have lower ionization energies d. are less metallic

d. are less metallic

Mendeleev noticed that properties of elements usually repeated at regular intervals when the elements were arranged in order of increasing a. atomic number b. density c. reactivity d. atomic mass

d. atomic mass

The period of an element can be determined from its a. reactivity b. density c. symbol d. electron configuration

d. electron configuration

The size and shape of an electron cloud are most likely related to the electron's a. charge b. mass c. spin d. energy

d. energy

The speed of an electromagnetic wave is equal to the product of its wavelength and its a. mass b. color c. velocity d. frquency

d. frequency

An element with 8 electrons in its highest main energy level is a(n) a. octet element b. third period element c. Aufbau element d. noble gas

d. noble gas

Elements in a group or column in the periodic table can be expected to have similar a. atomic masses b. atomic numbers c. number of neutrons d. properties

d. properties

Identify the sublevels in a period that contains 32 elements a. s,f b. s,p c. s,p,d d. s,p,d,f

d. s,p,d,f

The ionization energies for removing successive electrons from sodium are 496 kJ/mol, 4562 kJ/mol, 6912 kJ/mol, and 9544 kJ/mol. The great jump in ionization energy after the first electron is removed indicated that a. sodium has four or five electrons b. the atomic radius has increased c. a d electron has been removed d. the noble gas configuration has been reached

d. the noble gas configuration has been reached

How many orientation can an s orbital have about the nucleus? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 5

a. 1

Bromine, atomic number 35, belongs to Group 17. How many electrons does bromine have in its outermost energy level? a. 7 b. 17 c. 18 d. 35

a. 7

The number of valence electrons in Group 17 elements is a. 7 b. 8 c. 17 d. equal to the period number

a. 7

Magnesium, atomic number 12, has the electron configuration [Ne] 3s2. To what group does magnesium belong? a. Group 2 b. Group 3 c. Group 5 d. Group 12

a. Group 2

Strontium's highest occupied energy level is 5s2. To what group does strontium belong? a. Group 2 b. Group 5 c. Group 6 d. Group 8

a. Group 2

Which of the following rules requires that each of the p orbitals at a particular energy level receive one electron before any of them can have two electrons? a. Hund's rule b. the Pauli exclusion principle c. the Aufbau principle d. the quantum rule

a. Hund's rule

The French scientist Louis de Broglie theorized that a. electrons could have a dual wave-particle nature b. light waves did not have a dual wave-particle nature c. the natures of light and quantized electron orbits were not similar d. Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom was completely correct

a. electrons could have a dual wave-particle nature

The main energy level that can hold only two electrons is the a. first b. second c. third d. fourth

a. first

Across a period in the periodic table, atomic radii a. gradually decrease b. gradually decrease, then sharply increase c. gradually increase d. gradually increase, then sharply decrease

a. gradually decrease

If electrons in an atom have the lowest possible energies, the atom is in the a. ground state b. inert state c. excited state d. radiation-emitting state

a. ground state

Which groups in the main group have lower electronegativity than d-block elements a. groups 1&2 b. groups 13-18 c. groups 17&18 d. groups 13-17

a. groups 1&2

Across a period, ionization energies of d-block elements generally a. increase b. decrease c. remain constant d. drop to zero

a. increase

The specific wavelengths of light seen through a prism that are made when high-voltage current is passed through a tube of hydrogen gas at low pressure is a a. light-emission spectrum b. electron configuration c. photoelectric effect d. continuous electromagnetic spectrum

a. light-emission spectrum

The discovery of what elements added a new column to Mendeleev's periodic table? a. noble gases b. radioactive elements c. transition elements d. metalloids

a. noble gases

Which block in the periodic table contains the alkali metals? a. s b. p c. d d. f

a. s

If the s and p sublevels of the highest main energy level of an atom are filled, how many electrons are in this main energy level? a. 2 b. 8 c. 16 d. 32

b. 8

The spin quantum number indicated that the number of possible spin states for an electron in an orbital is a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 5

b. 2

The electron configuration of aluminum, atomic number 13, is [Ne] 3s2,3p1. Aluminum is in Period a. 2 b. 3 c. 6 d. 13

b. 3

For the f sublevel, the number of orbitals is a. 5 b. 7 c. 9 d. 18

b. 7

The elements whose electron configurations end with s2, p5 in the highest occupied energy level belong to Group a. 3 b. 7 c. 10 d. 17

d. 17

An orbital that can never exist according to the quantum description of the atom is a. 3d b. 8s c. 6d d. 3f

d. 3f

The number of electrons in the highest energy level of the argon atom (atomic number 18) is a. 10 b. 2 c. 6 d. 8

d. 8