Chi Square/T-test/ANOVA/Correlation

Spearman's Correlational Coefficient

1 or more variable that is ordinal OR intervental/ratio that is normally distributed

Mean

ANOVA test looks at the (mean, median or mode)

Chi-Square Test

Appropriate test when you are working with independent samples and outcome or dependent variable is nominal or ordinal level data

Mode

Chi Square test looks at the (mean, median or mode)

Pearson's Correlation Coefficient

Examines the relationship between 2 or more variables (interval/ratio); expressed as "r"

Difference between groups ___________________________ Difference within groups

F-ratio formula

b/t sum of squares divided by the df=mean square ___________________________________________________ w/in sum of squares divided by the df=mean square

How do you find F

Percent of variance

How much of a difference in the test grade is related to the amount I studied

Reject the null hypothesis

If alpha is greater than p, you would

McNemar's Test

If in a Chi-Square test, the sample is not independent use _______

The Fischer exact test

If one or more cells in a 2x2 Chi-square test table has less than 5 use _____

Yates Continuity Test

If one or more cells in a 2x2 Chi-square test table is greater than 5, but less than 10 use ____

1

If the F ratio is close to ____ it is UNLIKELY SIGNIFICANT

Condition 2

If the p-value is greater than alpha (p > .05), then we fail to reject the null hypothesis, and we say that the result is statistically nonsignificant (n.s.)

Fail to reject the null hypothesis

If the p-value is greater than alpha, you would

Condition 1

If the p-value is less than or equal to the alpha (p< .05), then we reject the null hypothesis, and we say the result is statistically significant.

Levene's Test

If two samples have equal variance (homogeneity of variance) what test should be used?

Dependent

Independent/Dependent T-test: which one produces a paired T-value and a corresponding P value

Meta-synthesis

Looks at multiple qualitative studies and compares them

0.3-0.5

Moderate relationship is ___

Chi Square

Nominal

Pearson's Correlational test

Normally distributed interval/ratio and samples greater than 50

p-value

Once the alpha level has been set, a statistic (like r) is computed. Each statistic has an associated probability value called a p-value, or the likelihood of an observed statistic occurring due to chance, given the sampling distribution

Correlational coefficients

One sample, at least 3 subjects, prefer more than 50 to address concerns

Population

Patient group

Systematic/Integrated reviews of research

Presents the states of the science, resolves conflicting reports, are directly applicable to practice

Carry-Over effect

Previous treatment continue to have an effect through next treatment

Randomized control trials

Randomly selected sample and randomly assigned subjects to treatment groups

Correlational coefficients

Shows relationship/association between variables

Null hypothesis

States that there is no relationship/association or difference between the study groups or samples

r

Strength of correlation is determined by the absolute value of __

>0.5

Strong relationship is__

Position effect

Subjects are exposed to more than one treatment over time, order of the treatment impacts the outcome

Mean

T-test looks at the (mean, median or mode)

One

T-test tests for significant differences between the means of 2 independent groups; of applied to more than 2 groups the risk of a Type ___ error increases

False

T/F: The ANOVA tells you where the difference is

True

T/F: the closer they are the more they are correlated

F ratio

Tells the extent to which the group's mean differs (between and within groups)

ANOVA

Test produces an F statistic and a corresponding p value

ANOVA

Test used for interval/ratio level of measurement for 3 or more groups

T-test

Test used when the measurement is ratio/interval, and only have two samples

Alternative Hypothesis

The alternative or experimental hypothesis reflects that there will be an observed effect for our experiment.

Decreasing

The closer you get to 0, corelational strength is _____

-1 to +1

The range for correlational

Wash out

Time you allow for one drug to run out and the next to get started

Repeat-measures ANOVA

Used for dependent samples and can be used to find a change over time in the dependent with exposure in the independent variable

<0.3

Weak relationship is ____

Larger

Weaker the relationship, the sample size needs to be ______

1. What were the results of the study 2. Validity 3. Reliability 4. Applicability 5. What is the magnitude of the effects 6 How precise are estimates of the effect 7. IS the evidence of side effects 8. What are the costs 9. IS there relevance to my clinical situation 10. Are there other studies with similar conclusions

What question to ask when you critically analyze data?

alpha

standard to meet for a researcher to claim that s/he has made a discovery of a real phenomenon

df of between groups: # of groups (K) -1 ___________________________________________ df of within groups: N - K Add the numerator and denominator

Degrees of freedom for ANOVA

df=N-2

Degrees of freedom for Pearsons

df= Sample size for both groups - 2

Degrees of freedom for a t-test

df= number of rows-1 X's number of columns-1

Degrees of freedom for the Chi-Square test

Percent of variance

Difference in the first variable from the second variable

r2 (coefficient of determinants) x100

Equation of percent of variance

Meta-analysis

better than systematic reviews (takes actual statistics on those combines it and does new statistics on those combined results) combine statistical results