Chiropractic Boards Part 1 - Spinal Anatomy Word Associations

diarhrodial planar type of synovial joint

zygapophyseal joints

start of neurulation

3rd week of gestatation

starting place for neurulation

4th somite

end of neurulation

4th week of gestation

superior facets face backwards

5th lumbar facets

most common site for spinal cord compression

C6 cervical

end of spinal cord in adults

L1/L2

end of spinal cord in infants

L2/L3

end of dural sac

S2

extends from dens to medial aspect of occipital condyle

alar ligament

joint with very slight mobility

amphiarthrosis

tract carrying motor impulses to the spinal cord - *does not decussate*

anterior corticospinal tract

extends from sacrum to base of occiput, *prevents hyperextension*

anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)

extends from apex of dens to anterior aspect of foramen magnum

apical ligament

meeting point for temporal, occipital and parietal bones

asterion

diarthrodial condylar type of synovial joint between C0/C1

atlanto-occipital joint

damage to the optic chiasm

bitemporal hemianopia

meeting point for frontal and parietal bones

bregma

primary sensory cortex located in the parietal lobe, *postcentral gyrus*

brodmann's area 1, 2, 3

primary visual cortex, occipital lobe

brodmann's area 17

primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe, *precentral gyrus*

brodmann's area 4

broca's motor speech area

brodmann's areas 44 and 45

main type of action for lower 6 costovertebral joints

bucket handle

primary and secondary cartilaginous joints, cartilage between bones

cartilaginous joints

bundle of nerves at the end of the spinal cord in the lumbar region

cauda equina

connects 3rd and 4th ventricles

cerebral aqueduct

superior facets face backwards, upwards, medial - *BUM*

cervical facets

mesoderm is replaced by cartilage

chondrification

produces CSF in the brain, capillaries covered by ependymal cells

choroid plexus

largest collection of CSF in cranium

cisterna magna

site of synapse in the dorsal spinocerebellar tract

clarke's column

lies below the tectorial membrane and shaped like a cross B - *transverse cruciate* - attached to colliculus atlantis; prevents posterior translation of dens A - superior longitudinal fibers C - inferior longitudinal fibers

cruciate ligament

lateral extensions of the pia mater which anchor the spinal cord

dentate ligament

embryonic mesodermal tissue from which develops the dermis

dermatome

joint that is freely mobile

diarthrosis

bundles that carry vibration sense, proprioception and fine touch

dorsal columns

separates spinal cord from the bone in the spinal canal outermost covering of the spinal cord

dura mater

embryonic layer from which the spinal cord is derived

ectoderm

space in which fat and blood vessels of the spinal cord are found

extra-dural space

grey matter in spinal cord groups of myelinated fibbers in the spinal cord with the same function

fasciculi

tract from the upper limb carrying vibration and proprioception

fasciculus cuneatus

tract from the lower limb carrying two-point discrimination and vibration

fasciculus gracilis

sutural, gomphosis, syndesmosis

fibrous joints

fibrous tissue betweem *tooth and alveolar socket*, dentoalveolar joint

fibrous joints - gomphosis

fibrous tissue between the *flat bone of the skull*, interparietal joint

fibrous joints - sutural

membrane joints bones, between *shafts of the ulna and radius*

fibrous joints - syndesmosis

terminal extensions of the pia mater which anchor the spinal cord

filum terminale

deficiency of this during 1st trimester causes neural tube defects

folic acid

midline foramen out of the 4th ventricle *M*agendie - *M*idline

foramen of magendie

lateral foramina out of the 4th ventricle *L*uschka - *L*ateral

foramina of luschka

lobe of the brain which controls thinking and movement

frontal lobe

white matter in the spinal cord is organized into bundles or columns

funiculi

damage to one occipital lobe - *affects contralateral side*

homonymous hemianopia

connecting foramen for CSF to pass from lateral ventricle to 3rd ventricle

interventricular foramen

meeting point for occipital and parietal bones

lambda

substantia gelatinosa of rolando, involved with *nociception*

lamina II

site of synapse in the ventral spinocerebellar tract

lamina VII (7)

tract carrying motor impulses that decussates in the medulla

lateral corticopsinal tract

location of third order neurons of CN II *located in thalamus*

lateral geniculate body

tract carrying pain and temperature

lateral spinothalamic tract

location of choroid plexus

lateral, 3rd and 4th ventricles

extends between laminae of adjacent vertebrae, *prevents buckling*

ligamentum flavum

superior facets face backwards, medial - *BM*

lumbar facets (L1-L4)

embryonic layer from which vertebrae develop origin of the dura mater

mesoderm

embryonic mesodermal tissue from which develops the muscles

myotome

meeting point of frontal and nasal bones

nasion

structure from which the spinal cord is derived

neural tube

process of the formation of the neural tube

neurulation

definestructure which guides the development of vertebral column

notochord

continuation of supraspinous ligament, above C7 to occiput

nuchal ligament

remnant of the notochord

nucleus pulposus

lobe of the brain which visual images are processed

occipital lobe

proess by which cartilage is replaced by bone

ossification

lobe of the brain which processes sensory input

parietal lobe

innermost covering of the spinal cord

pia mater

extends from C2 to sacrum, *prevents hyperflexion*

posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)

type of joint between *rib and costal cartilage*, costochondral joint

primary cartilaginous

meeting point of frontal, sphenoid, parietal and temporal bones

pterion

main type of action for upper 6 costovertebral joints

pump handle

tract that restricts voluntary movements through gamma neurons

reticulospinal tract

tract that excites flexors and inhibits extensors in the upper limb

rubrospinal tract

embryonic tissue from which vertebrae develop

scelerotome

type of joint between body of C3 and C4, interbody joint

secondary cartilaginous

condensation of mesoderm-sclerotome, myotome and dermatome

somite

extends from foramen magnum to sacrum; made up of vertebral foramina

spinal canal

tract carrying unconscious proprioception to the cerebellum

spinocerebellar tract

connects tips of spinous processes and prevents hyperflexion

supraspinous ligament

joint with no mobility

synarthrosis

another name for cartilaginous joint

synchondrosis

planar, condylar, pivot, hinge, saddle, ball & socket

synovial joints

continuation of posterior longitudinal ligament beyond C2

tectorial membrane

tract carrying impulses involved in responding to light and sound

tectospinal tract

lobe of the brain which memory and hearing are located

temporal lobe

superior facets face backwards, upwards, laterally - *BUL*

thoracic facets

damage to *one* optic nerve

unilateral blindness

tract involved in postural reflexes and balance

vestibulospinal tract