Chp. 10 Review/Study guide

The introduction of man-made chemicals and practices to an area is best defined as

...

What is the percent of workers engaged in farming in MDCs?

5%

According to von Thunen's Model, which agricultural zone is farthest from the market? A. livestock B. commercial grain C. market gardening D. dairy farming E. forestry

C. livestock

Which preeminent cultural geographers started the field of cultural ecology?

Carl Sauer

What was Carl Sauer's belief concerning the concept of cultural ecology ?

Carl Sauer believed that humans had power over their environment and weren't simply the product of their environment.

The four main hearths of agriculture are

Central America, Northeastern Africa,Ethiopia,northern China and northern India.

Cotton fueled the _____ trade...

Cotton fueled the slave trade,which supplied the labor needed to harvest it in the Southern U.S

What is the difference between crop rotation and shifting cultivation?

Crop rotation involves the use of the same field year after year but planting different crops on that same field. Shifting cultivation, primarily used in subsistence farming,involves the shifting of farming to different fields entirely to increase production.

Agriculture is best defined as

Deliberate modification of the Earth's surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain

The result of overgrazing land in semi-arid climates is

Desertification

During which Agricultural Revolution did Johann Heinrich Von Thunen develop his model?

Second Agricultural Revolution

What are the hearths of vegetative planting?

Southeast Asia,West Africa,and Latin America

Which region in the world has experienced a significant loss of farm land to expanding desert?

Southern Saharan-Africa

The majority of the world's population that is involved in agriculture is involved in what type of agriculture?

Subsistence Farming

What is the recent trend in agriculture in the U.S?

The total revenue of agricultural sales is becoming more concentrated in fewer large corporate farms.

Food chain process

This process is known as "farm to fork" or commodity chain,which describes the process that food goes through to get from the primary sector(resource based) of the economy to the tertiary sector(service based).

The Tuareg people of the Sahara and their animals seasonally migrate to the higher lands in the summer and the valleys in the winter. This is an example of

Transhumance

True/false: slash-and-burn farming is not a form of commercial farming

True

Which area of the world would most likely leave the others in the production of wheat?

Ukraine and Eastern Europe

What is process called or splitting existing plants into two and replanting both parts to propogate crops?

Vegetative planting

Which crop started the Third Agricultural Revolution (Green rev.)

Wheat

As a result of environmental modification in the United States there has been

an increased demand for organic farming

Farming of fish for sale off the farm is defined as

aquaculture

Pastoral nomadism is usually practiced in

arid climates. Example: the Saharan Desert in Northern Africa

In the second major hearth of seed agriculture,(Northeastern Africa - Ethiopia), what was one of the major crops domesticated ?

coffee

Biotechnology is referred to as

genetic engineering

Which statement accurately describes the migration patterns in Europe during the Second Agricultural Revolution?

rural to urban The 2nd Agricultural Rev. was characterized by an increase in mechanized farm equipment, causing there the demand for human labor to decrease. Unemployed farm workers migrated to urban areas as demand for factory workers increased during the Industrial Revolution.

Farmers that produce the food that they need to survive on a daily basis is called

subsistence agriculture

Removing part of the plant and putting it into the ground to grow a new plant is called

vegetative planting

The number one crop that geographers associate with intensive subsistence agriculture is

wet rice

What were the first hearths of seed agriculture?

Eastern Hemiphere,Western India,Northern China,Ethiopia

What is the difference between extensive subsistence agriculture and intensive agriculture ?

Extensive subsistence agriculture does not require a lot of labor, unlike intensive.

The Third Agricultural Revolution is also known as

Green Revolution

Hey is double- cropping or even triple cropping important?

It allows farmers to meet the demands of ever-increasing population.

Which geographer suggested that certain crops are grown in direct relation to their distance from the market?

Johann Heinrich von Thunen

3 of the largest dairy regions in the U.D are in the Northeast (NY and Pennsylvania) ,the Upper Midwest (Wisconsin and Minnesota), and California. What explains this phenomenon?

Large urban centers are located in each zone. -less chance of spoiling!

What is the primary differnce between livestock ranching and livestock fattening?

Livestock ranching requires more space than livestock fattening.

What type of survey pattern of farming would be found in the Louisiana or Mississippi Delta region of the U.S?

Long lots

In what zone of Von Thunen's model would the fruit production method of farming best fit?

Market gardening

Farming in the U.S, in particular, has experienced what pattern?

Movement to agricultural industrialization

Which area of the world was the first to domesticated cattle, sheep, and goats?

Northeastern Africa

Where was the hearth of the Second Agricultural Revolution?

Northern Europe

Describe the First Agricultural Revolution?

Obtaining food shifted from hunting and gathering to planted crops

The process of growing crops in tropical areas for sale in more developed countries in what type of farming?

Plantation agriculture

What major crop has been adapted into the Third Agricultural revolution?

Rice

What phrase best fits the Second Agricultural Revolution?

The Second Agricultural Revolution brought mechanization into the farming process.

What fundamental principle Von Thunen's model revolves around?

The farmers in the area are all involved in the commercial agriculture, selling their products to a market located at the center.