Chp. 40: Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance
A nursing instructor is explaining the difference between infiltration and phlebitis to a student. Which statement is most appropriate?
"Infiltration occurs when IV fluid escapes into the tissue, while phlebitis is inflammation of the vein."
A physician orders an infusion of 250 mL of NS in 100 minutes. The set is 20 gtt/ml What is the flow rate?
50 gtt/min
A registered nurse is overseeing the care of numerous clients on a busy acute medicine unit. Which task would be most safe to delegate to a licensed practical nurse (LPN)?
Changing the dressing on a client's peripheral IV site
A client is taking a diuretic such as furosemide. When implementing client education, what information should be included?
Decreased potassium levels
A nurse assessing the IV site of a client observes swelling and pallor around the site and notes a significant decrease in the flow rate. The client complains of coldness around the infusion site. What is the nurse's most appropriate action?
Discontinue the IV
A nurse is measuring intake and output for a client who has congestive heart failure. What does not need to be recorded?
Fruit consumption
Mr. Jones is admitted to the nursing unit from the emergency department with a diagnosis of hypokalemia. His laboratory results show a serum potassium of 3.2 mEq/L (3.2 mmol/L). For what manifestations should the nurse be alert?
Muscle weakness, fatigue, and dysrhythmias
As observed the nurse changing a peripheral venous access site dressing is demonstrating inappropriate technique by implementing which action?
Not wearing gloves when performing the intervention
The nurse is caring for a client whose blood type is B negative. Which donor blood type does the nurse confirm as compatible for this client?
O negative
A client reports she has lactose intolerance and questions the nurse about alternative sources of calcium. What options can be provided by the nurse?
Spinach
A nurse monitoring an IV infusion notes the signs and symptoms of a thrombus. Which nursing interventions would the nurse perform? Select all that apply.
Stop the infusion immediately. Apply warm compresses as ordered by the primary care provider. Restart the IV at another site.
A nurse needs to get an accurate fluid output assessment of a client with severe diarrhea. Which action should the nurse perform?
Weigh the client's wet linen or dressing.
The oncoming nurse is assigned to the following clients. Which client should the nurse assess first?
a newly admitted 88-year-old with a 2-day history of vomiting and loose stools
Potassium is needed for neural, muscle, and:
cardiac function.
Which is a common anion?
chloride
A client loses consciousness after strenuous exercise and needs to be admitted to a health care facility. The client is diagnosed with dehydration. The nurse knows that the client needs restoration of:
electrolytes
A client age 80 years, who takes diuretics for management of hypertension, informs the nurse that she takes laxatives daily to promote bowel movements. The nurse assesses the client for possible symptoms of:
hypokalemia
Which client has more extracellular fluid?
newborn
Upon assessment of a client's peripheral intravenous site, the nurse notices the area is red and warm. The client complains of pain when the nurse gently palpates the area. These signs and symptoms are indicative of:
phlebitis.
A student nurse is selecting a venipuncture site for an adult client. Which action by the student would cause the nurse to intervene?
placing the tourniquet on the upper arm for 2 minutes
The primary extracellular electrolytes are:
sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate.
An intravenous hypertonic solution containing dextrose, proteins, vitamins, and minerals is known as:
total parenteral nutrition.
The nurse working at the blood bank is speaking with potential blood donor clients. Which client statement requires nursing intervention?
"I received a blood transfusion in the United Kingdom."
The nurse works at an agency that automatically places certain clients on intake and output (I&O). For which client will the nurse document all I&O?
55-year-old with congestive heart failure on furosemide
A client with a diagnosis of colon cancer has opted for a treatment plan that will include several rounds of chemotherapy. What vascular access device is most likely to meet this client's needs?
An implanted central venous access device (CVAD)
A nurse inspecting the IV site of a client notices signs of phlebitis (inflammation). What would be the appropriate nursing intervention for this situation?
Discontinue the IV and relocate it to another spot.
A nurse is caring for four different pediatric clients, all of whom require insertion of an intravenous (IV) catheter. For which client would it be appropriate to insert the IV into the foot?
Infant
A nurse is caring for a client who requires intravenous (IV) therapy. The nurse understands that which actions are the nurse's responsibilities related to this therapy? Select all that apply.
Deciding the location of the IV catheter. Deciding the size of the IV catheter. Administering the IV solution.
A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed a peripheral intravenous (IV) infusion. After reviewing the image, which action is most important for the nurse to take?
Obtain new intravenous tubing and spike the infusion bag without touching the tip of the tubing
A client admitted with heart failure requires careful monitoring of his fluid status. Which method will provide the nurse with the best indication of the client's fluid status?
daily weights
The nurse is calculating an infusion rate for the following order: Infuse 1,000 mL of 0.9% NaCl over 12 hours using an electronic infusion device. What is the infusion rate?
83 mL/hr
A client's most recent blood work indicates a K+ level of 7.2 mEq/L (7.2 mmol/L), a finding that constitutes hyperkalemia. For what signs and symptoms should the nurse vigilantly monitor?
cardiac irregularities
Which is not a primary intracellular electrolyte?
chloride
A decrease in arterial blood pressure will result in the release of:
renin.
The nurse working at the blood bank is speaking with a potential blood donor client. The client has been living in South America where there was a Zika outbreak. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate?
"Because you lived in South America for more than 3 months, there is risk of transmitting the Zika virus through blood transfusions."
The nurse is caring for a male client who has a diagnosis of heart failure. Today's laboratory results show a serum potassium of 3.2 mEq/L (3,2 mmol/L). For what complications should the nurse be aware, related to the potassium level?
Cardiac dysrhythmias
A nurse inspecting a client's IV site notices redness and swelling at the site. What would be the most appropriate nursing intervention for this situation?
Discontinue the IV and relocate it to another site
Which of the following statements is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for a client 80 years of age diagnosed with congestive heart failure, with symptoms of edema, orthopnea, and confusion?
Extracellular Volume Excess related to heart failure, as evidenced by edema and orthopnea
The nurse is administering intravenous (IV) therapy to a client. The nurse notices acute tenderness, redness, warmth, and slight edema of the vein above the insertion site. Which complication related to IV therapy should the nurse most suspect?
Phlebitis
The nurse is monitoring intake and output (I&O) for a client who recently had surgery. Which will the nurse document on the I&O record? Select all that apply.
client drinking milk client's urination vomiting infusion of intravenous solution
A nurse who has diagnosed a client as having "fluid volume excess" related to compromised regulatory mechanism (kidneys) may have been alerted by what symptom?
distended neck veins
The nurse is caring for a client with metabolic alkalosis whose breathing rate is 8 breaths/min. Which arterial blood gas data does the nurse anticipate finding?
pH: 7.60; PaCO2: 64 mm Hg (8.51 kPa); HCO3: 42 mEq/l (42 mmol/l)
A nurse is preparing to re-site a client's IV during the client's hospital stay following a mastectomy. What accurately describes an assessment that should be made before starting the infusion?
The nurse should assess the preferred site, ideally the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the upper extremities.
