Chp. 6 SmartBook

Which of the following would likely be characterized as an extrinsic motivations? (Multiple Answers) A) Bettina's new job has a lucrative bonus benefits package. B) Ben finally feels like he's working to his full potential at his new position. C) Samantha's new boss frequently praises her for the quality of her work. D) Tony's new job has enabled him to fine-tune his technology skills.

A) Bettina's new job has a lucrative bonus benefits package. & C) Samantha's new boss frequently praises her for the quality of her work.

Which three of the following are reasons an employee may be more motivated than his or her counterparts? A) The employee has feelings of psychological empowerment. B) The employee has easy or abstract goals. C) The employee has feelings of expectancy and instrumentality. D) The employee experiences inequity. E) The employee has specific, challenging, and achievable goals.

A) The employee has feelings of psychological empowerment. & C) The employee has feelings of expectancy and instrumentality. & E) The employee has specific, challenging, and achievable goals.

Which of the following would be considered "positively valenced" outcomes for most people? A) a recognition B) a salary increase C) a work suspension D) a demotion

A) a recognition & B) a salary increase

According to equity theory, when we examine our own efforts and results and compare them to the efforts and results of others, we use the other people as what? A) comparison others B) equity contrasts C) outcome evaluators D) reference checkers

A) comparison others

When other people recognize the success of others and reward them for their success, it typically fosters ______ motivation. A) inherent B) extrinsic C) intrinsic D) expectant

B) extrinsic

Which of following is the aim of an action and serves as the primary driver of the intensity and persistence of effort for the action? A) valence B) goal C) need D) value

B) goal

Which of the following are reasons some employees may lack motivation? A) assignment of a specific goal B) lack of confidence C) assignment of an ambiguous goal D) feelings of psychological empowerment

B) lack of confidence & C) assignment of an ambiguous goal

After comparing your situation with that of a comparison other, you realize that your ratio of outcomes and inputs is greater than the other person's. According to equity theory, this is what type of a situation? A) remunerative inequity B) overreward inequity C) underreward inequity D) equity

B) overreward inequity

Rank the following motivating forces in order of their strength on job performance, with the strongest job performance motivator listed at top and the lowest job performance motivator listed at bottom. A) Increased valence, instrumentality, and expectancy B) Specific, difficult goals C) Self-efficacy D) Perceptions of equity

C > B > A > D

Which of the following best defines valence? A) It is the belief that positive outcomes have little impact on an employee's performance. B) It is the belief that successful performance will result in some outcome(s). C) It is the believed worth of the results of one's efforts. D) It is an individual's belief that he or she possesses the capabilities needed to execute behaviors needed for task success.

C) It is the believed worth of the results of one's efforts.

Kendra has been working for Harmon Electronics as a quality-control inspector for three years. She learns that a coworker with less experience and less time with the company is earning more than she is. What is Kendra's coworker, according to the equity theory? A) outcome B) equity resolver C) contrast reference D) comparison other

D) comparison other

What kind of belief answers the question "What are the chances that, if I work very hard, I'll be able to do a good job?" A) valence B) adherence C) self-efficacy D) expectancy

D) expectancy

True or false: Motivational force equals zero if any of the three beliefs of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence is zero.

True

According to expectancy theory, an individual's effort level depends on three factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and A) valence. B) competence. C) self-efficacy. D) feedback.

A) valence.

A(n) ______ goal is one that stretches employees to perform at their maximum level while still staying within the boundaries of their ability. A) difficult B) impossible C) moderate D) easy

A) difficult

The theory of motivation that suggests that motivation depends on an individual's perception of his or her life and what occurs in lives of others is known as ______ theory. A) equity theory B) learned needs theory C) expectancy theory D) goal setting theory

A) equity theory

Which theory of motivation argues that goals determine the work actions of people? A) goal setting theory B) expectancy theory C) learned needs theory D) equity theory

A) goal setting theory

Elena is the sales manager for a floor tiling company. She sees that the sales numbers for Roger have been slipping and wants him to do a better job. Under goal-setting theory, which of the following goals for Roger would most likely result in higher levels of task performance? A) increase sales by 25% during the next quarter B) do a much better job than you did last quarter C) improve sales as best you can D) work harder every day

A) increase sales by 25% during the next quarter

What is the term that refers to how hard people work towards something, where they apply their efforts, and how they continue to work towards their goals? A) motivation B) instrumentality C) competence D) extrinsic motivation

A) motivation

In terms of equity theory, which of the following would be considered outcomes? A) pay B) performance C) promotions D) effort

A) pay & C) promotions

In terms of equity theory, which of the following would be considered inputs? A) skills B) recognition C) experience D) compensation

A) skills & C) experience

According to expectancy theory, which of the following statements concerning motivational force is true? A) Motivation increases as successful performance is linked to fewer and fewer attractive outcomes. B) Motivation decreases as successful performance is linked to more and more attractive outcomes. C) Motivation increases as unsuccessful performance is linked to more and more attractive outcomes. D) Motivation increases as successful performance is linked to more and more attractive outcomes.

B) Motivation increases as successful performance is linked to more and more attractive outcomes.

What might happen if employees feel that they have less equity in their workplaces? A) They might feel a high level of self-efficacy. B) They might take actions against their workplaces. C) They might assign specific and difficult goals. D) They might show a high level of citizenship.

B) They might take actions against their workplaces.

Workers who believe that their workplaces have a sense of equity are more likely to exhibit ______ behaviors and less likely to exhibit ______ behaviors. A) counterproductive; citizenship B) citizenship; counterproductive C) task performance; citizenship D) counterproductive; task performance

B) citizenship; counterproductive

Irina has always been unsure of herself and doesn't consider herself to be particularly skilled at her job, so when she is given a new task by her boss, she experiences feelings of fear and anxiety. Which determinant of self-efficacy does this represent? A) past accomplishments B) emotional cues C) verbal persuasion D) vicarious experiences

B) emotional cues

What theory asserts that a person's motivation is based on what he or she considers to be fair when compared to others? A) efficacy theory B) equity theory C) expectancy theory D) task theory E) goal theory

B) equity theory

Which theory of motivation proposes that work effort is directed toward positive experiences and away from negative ones? A) equity theory B) expectancy theory C) past accomplishments theory D) goal setting theory

B) expectancy theory

What do people experience when they believe that their professional work contributes to some greater cause? A) engagement B) psychological empowerment C) self-determination D) task complexity

B) psychological empowerment

Employees who experience what motivator tend to produce the best professional results? A) perceptions of equity B) self-efficacy C) needs D) simple tasks

B) self-efficacy

Even though Linda hasn't planned an event quite as large as her company's Christmas party before, she is confident that she'll be able to manage it successfully. It appears that Linda has a high level of what type of belief? A) instrumentality B) self-efficacy C) adherence D) valence

B) self-efficacy

An individual's perceived probability that his or her effort will result in positive outcomes is known as A) competency. B) engagement. C) expectancy. D) past accomplishment.

C) expectancy.

People with what type of belief think that they have the capabilities needed to carry out the behaviors needed for a task? A) adherence B) self-determination C) self-efficacy D) valence

C) self-efficacy

When you compare your situation with that of a comparison other, you suddenly realize that your ratio of outcomes to inputs is significantly less than the other person's. According to equity theory, you would now perceive yourself to be in which state? A) equity B) overreward inequity C) underreward inequity D) recompense equality

C) underreward inequity

Laura is nervous about donating blood at the blood drive at work, but she sees coworkers donating blood and thinks, "If they can do it, I can do it!" This is an example of which source of self-efficacy? A) verbal persuasion B) emotional cues C) vicarious experiences D) past accomplishments

C) vicarious experiences

Danielle is eager to earn an A average in her college courses this semester because her parents have promised her a trip to Florida if she achieves this. The trip is an example of ______ forces in Danielle's motivation. A) tangential B) internal C) intrinsic D) external

D) external

People who believe that a successful performance will result in a certain outcome are experiencing A) valence. B) adherence. C) competency. D) instrumentality. E) expectancy.

D) instrumentality.

When an individual experiences psychological empowerment, performing the work tasks serves as its own reward. This is a form of what kind of motivation? A) extrinsic B) peripheral C) divergent D) intrinsic

D) intrinsic

The belief known as ____________ relates to the belief that "If I do a good job, I'll receive the outcome I desire." (One Word)

instrumentality