Chp 9 reproductive 10 emotion 11 ingestive

Two-thirds of the bodies water can be found in the ____

Intracellular fluid

Which of the following is true of the estrous cycle of rats?

The estrous cycle lasts 4 days.

What are the two parts to stopping a meal (stopping eating)?

The first part is short-term satiety which occurs while we are still eating and the second part is a long-term satiety, which is when there is a rise in adipose tissue.

Eating is initiated by secretion of ________ from the ________.

ghrelin; stomach

Primates, including humans, have a _____ cycle and rodents have _____ cycle.

menstrual, estrous

With Turner's Syndrome there is only a ___ chromosome and not a ___ chromosome

X,Y

IN terms of sex chromosomes, females have a __ __ chromosome and males have a __ __ chromosome

XX, XY

Which of the following is a cue that can be used to communicate our emotional experience to others 1. language 2. facial expressions 3. nonverbal sounds 4. changes in body posture 5. All of the above are correct

All of the above are correct

List and describe the three components of emotions

. Behavioral -- consists of muscle movements that are consistent with the behavior 2. Autonomic -- activates sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system 3. Hormonal -- hormones further increase blood flow to the muscles

3 Components of emotion

1.) Behavioral - muscle movements that are conducive to that behavior 2.) Autonomic response - quick vigorous movement - activates the sympathetic division of the autonomic system, heart rate, blood vessels change 3.) hormonal change - reinforced the response of the autonomic nervous system

Babies as young as _____ have been shown to imitate the expression they saw on another person.

36 hours

Between _____ and _____ of people die from anorexia nervosa.

5%, 10%

____ has a somewhat success rate with the treatment of anorexia nervosa; although, it is only at 50%

CBT

he stomach's emptying is controlled by ____

CCK

The book gives the example of cooking and getting shocked when turning on an electric mixer to demonstrate classical conditioning. Fill in the spaces below:

CS is the mixer, US is the electric shock, UR is fear and CR is fear.

The _____ is an important part of the brain for expressing emotions that accompany aversive stimuli.

Central nucleus

The ________ effect refers to a situation in which a novel female will elicit another bout of sexual behavior in a sexually satiated male rat

Coolidge

Which of the following is true of emotion?

Emotion involves patterns of physiological responses and species-typical behavior.

Heredity does not contribute to human sexual orientation.

False

The refractory period is when a female rodent needs rest following a sexual encounter from a male.

False

_____ _____ is the most effective form of bariatric surgery

Gastric bypass

_____ is a peptide hormone that is released from the gastrointestinal system when someone is hungry.

Ghrelin

Which of the following drugs may be useful for the treatment of anorexia nervosa

No drug is available for the treatment of anorexia nervosa.

Which of the following is true of male sexual behavior?

Orgasm requires intromission.

_____ _____ is when there is an increase in the concentration of the interstitial fluid.

Osmometric thirst

Give an example of both a primary sex characteristic and a secondary sex characteristic

Primary characteristics are gonads, internal sex organs and external genitalia. Secondary characteristics are enlarged breasts, widening of the hips, facial hair in males and a deep voice in males.

What is a treatment for anorexia nervosa?

There is no treatment; CBT is not that effective.

What did Bell, Weinberg, and Hammersmith find in their studies looking at homosexuality and parental behavior

They found no evidence that homosexuals had been raised by domineering mothers or submissive fathers.

What types of risk-taking behavior did the rhesus monkeys show when they had low levels of 5-HIAA?

They showed risk-taking behavior, they show high levels of aggression with animals that were larger and older than themselves. They picked fights with these animals even though they had no chance of winning those fights.

The classical conditioning responses you see with emotions can be found in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala

True

Phineas Gage had damage done to his _____ _____ _____

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

A key difference between rodent and human female sexual behavior is that

a female rat can only mate during estrus.

The distinction between bulimia and anorexia nervosa is that

anorexia nervosa involves weight loss, while bulimia involves binging.

What are four treatments for obesity?

bariatric surgery, gastric bypass, exercise, drug treatment, consuming fewer calories

An individual with androgen insensitivity syndrome will

be raised as a female.

Which of the following conditions will block or diminish female rodent sexual behavior?

being in a nonestrous state

Gametes are mature reproductive cells that

carry half the genetic information of other cells of the body.

Imagine that you are suffering from overly intense emotional reactions that conventional therapies do not alleviate. Based on the evidence cited in your text, which brain region would be considered as a target for inactivation to provide relief for your intense emotional reactions?

central nucleus of the amygdala

The _____ is critical for the _____ of emotion.

central nucleus of the amygdala; expression

A pheromone is a

chemical that is released by one animal that affects the behavior of another member of the same species

The amygdala is involved in the recognition of _____ communicated via _____

fear; facial expression

An example of a species-typical defensive response for a rat is

freezing of motor movements

Aggressive behaviors

include actual attacks against another organism

Research has shown that serotonergic neurons _____ aggression and destruction of these neurons ______ aggressive behavior

inhibits, activates

A conditioned emotional response involves the pairing of a _____ with a(n) _____

neutral stimulus; aversive emotion-inducing stimulus

Lordosis would be an example of ________ in the female rat.

receptivity

A child who has a ______ level of ______ in their CSF will be expected to be more likely to have the potential for crimes such as assault, arson, and murder

reduced; 5-HIAA

Another term for being full is _____

satiety

Where do most humans get their sense of fear?

socially

Sexual behavior in the male rat is maintained by adequate levels of

testosterone.

Which of the following are important determinants of weight in adult humans?

the amount of physical exercise a person gets during their leisure time

Which of the following biological factors determines the genetic sex of a fetus?

the father's sperm

An example of a primary sex characteristic is ________, while ________ are an example of a secondary sex characteristic.

the gonads; enlarged breasts

An example of an environmental stimulus that could trigger eating is

the sight of a plate of food