Chp22 U.S. History Study Guide

What was Anschluss?

Union of Germany and Austria

What nation was forced to surrender one region of its land to Germany at the Munich Conference? What was the name of that region?

Czechoslovakia gave up the Sudetenland

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was an American politician and general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961.

Why did the war, force many women to take traditionally male jobs in the factories?

because the men were off at war, and supplies needed to be made.

Mein Kampf(My struggle)

book written by Adolf Hitler

What African nation did Italy conquer in the 1930s?

Ethiopia

What was the wisdom in MacArthur's strategy of island hopping?

Island Hopping" is the phrase given to the strategy employed by the United States to gain military bases and secure the many small islands in the Pacific. The attack was lead by General Douglas MacArthur, Commander of the Allied forces in the South west Pacific, and Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Commander-in-chief of the Pacific fleet. The US troops targeted the islands that were not as strongly defended by the Japanese. They took control of those islands, and quickly constructed landing strips and small military bases. Then they proceeded to attack other islands from the bases they had established. Slowly the US army moved closer to Japan, taking control of many of the surrounding islands.

What three forces kept the United States out of the war until late 1941?

Isolationist sentiment Resentment over war debts Fixation on domestic concerns

Why was the United States called "the arsenal of democracy"?

It produced 300,000 airplanes, 2.6 million machine guns, 6 million tons of bombs, and numerous other war materials.

Luftwaffe

-is a generic German term for an air force. It was also the official name for the Nazi air force founded in 1935. Led by Hermann Goering, it became the largest and most powerful in Europe by the start of WW2.

Battle of Britain

-is the name given to the Second World War defense of the United Kingdom by the Royal Air Force against an onslaught by the German Air Force which began at the end of June 1940-Late summer and fall of 1940, invaded so he can land troops on it. Lufftwaffe expense.

Battle of the Bulge

-the massive Nazi spearhead against the weakest point in the Allied line sent green American troops reeling. The thrust created a "bulge" 50 miles deep into the Allied lines, giving the battle its name.

Hirohito

124th Emperor of Japan

Potsdam

1945. The Big Three—Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (replaced on July 26 by Prime Minister Clement Attlee), and U.S. President Harry Truman—met in Potsdam, Germany, from July 17 to August 2, 1945, to negotiate terms for the end of World War II.

Operation Husky

3,000 ships and landing craft carried troops and equipment to Sicily.The invasion, code-named Operation Overlord, began on the morning of "D-day," June 6, 1944.

What two cities were the sites of the first use of the atomic bomb?

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Benito Mussolini

His black-shirted followers pronounced him Il Duce, the leader, and they crushed all visible opposition.

atomic bomb

A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear.

What was the largest sea battle in history?

Battle of Leyte Gulf

What was the turning point of the Pacific war?

Battle of Midway

What battle resulted from Hitler's last gamble to win the war in the West?

Battle of the Bulge

Bill Clinton

Bill Clinton went on MTV and had lots of social media and then bob dole did not have a lot of social media because he went old school. People voted for Clinton because he was younger looking and more "hip".

Guadalcanal

In August 1942, the drive to defeat Japan began when U.S. Marines landed on Guadalcanal , a jungle island in the Solomon Islands, 3,000 miles from Tokyo.

Who was one of the leading spokesmen for the isolationist America First committees?

Charles Lindbergh

Place events in chronological order: Battle of Britain,invasion of the Low Countries,Operation Barbarossa,invasion of Denmark and Norway,invasion of Poland,evacuation of Dunkirk

Invasion of Poland, Invasion of Denmark and Norway, Invasion of the Low Countries, Evacuation of Dunkirk, and Operation Barbarossa.

What is the term for the Allied strategy in the Pacific of bypassing heavily fortified Japanese islands in favor of less fortified ones?

Island Hopping"

Name the dictators who rose to power in Italy and the Soviet Union in the 1920s and in Germany in the 1930s.

Italy - Benito Mussolini Soviet Union - Joseph Stalin Germany - Adolf Hitler

December 7, 1941

Japanese warplanes swept across the blue Hawaiian sky over Pearl Harbor. Commander Mitsuo Fuchida signaled, "Tora! Tora! Tora!" ("Tiger! Tiger! Tiger!"), and the strike commenced.

Blitzkrieg

Lightning War, Swift Assault

What island did american forces capture as a launching point for the final assault on Japan?

Okinawa

Wehrmacht

On June 22, 1941, 3 million troops of the Wehrmacht, (the German army) rolled deep into Russia, covering 500 miles of territory within two months on a front that stretched from the Black Sea to the Arctic.

Lend-Lease Act

On March 11, he signed the Act, and Congress appropriated $7 billion to provide supplies for the embattled nations. Under the provisions of the act, Roosevelt was empowered to supply any Allied nation with war materiel on almost any terms he desired.

What nations made up the Big Three? Who represented each nation at Yalta? at Potsdam?

The US, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union

Nagasaki

The United States, with the consent of the United Kingdom as laid down in the Quebec Agreement, dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, during the final stage of WW II.

Harry Truman

known senator from Missouri for vice president.

Erwin Rommel

popularly known as the Desert Fox, was a German field marshal of World War II. Rommel was a highly decorated officer in World War I and was awarded the Pour le Mérite for his actions on the Italian Front.

kamikazes

squadrons of suicide pilots

Battle of Midway

the turning point of the war in the Pacific, critical battle U.S. Admiral Chester W. Nimitz skillfully directed carrier forces against the Japanese, destroying 4 Japanese carriers.

Dunkirk

took place in Dunkirk, France, during the Second World War between the Allies and Germany.

"island hopping"

travel from one island to another, especially as a tourist in an area of small islands.

Adolf hitler

tried to overthrow the Bavarian government in Munich.

Appeasement

trying to satisfy the dictator by giving in to his stated demands.

Hideki Tojo

was a general of the Imperial Japanese Army, the leader of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association, and the 40th Prime Minister of Japan during much of World War II, from October 17, 1941 to July 22, 1944.

Operation Barbarossa

was the code name for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II, which began on June 22,1941.

America First committee's

was the foremost non-interventionist pressure group against the American entry into World War II

The Battle of Leyte Gulf

was the largest sea battle in history and a critical blow to Japanese naval and air forces.

Joseph Stalin

was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953.

September 1, 1939

when 1600 Luftwaffe (Nazi air force) aircraft bombed and strafed military and civilian targets while 56 German divisions rolled across the Polish border.

The War Production Board (WPB),

which began operation in January 1942, immediately halted nearly all domestic building construction to conserve materials for war production.

Neutrality Act of 1939

which provided that belligerents could purchase weaponry from the United States but only on a cash basis.

Invasion of the Low Countries

The Battle of the Netherlands (Dutch: Slag om Nederland) was part of Case Yellow (German: Fall Gelb), the German invasion of the Low Countries (Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands) and France during World War II. The battle lasted from May 10 1940 until the main Dutch forces surrendered on the 14th.

Evacuation of Dunkirk

The Dunkirk evacuation, code-named Operation Dynamo, also known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, was the evacuation of Allied soldiers from the beaches and harbor of Dunkirk, France, between May 27 and June 4 1940, during World War II.

Invasion of Poland

The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, or the 1939 Defensive War in Poland, and alternatively the Poland Campaign or Fall Weiss in Germany, was a joint invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany.

Yalta

February 1945, the Big Three—Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin—had met at the Soviet Union's Black Sea resort

At their conference at Casablanca, where did FDR and Churchill agree to open another front against the Axis?

France

Casablanca

Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Charles de Gaulle of the Free French met in Casablanca to forge an Allied strategy for the assault on Hitler's Europe

Who was the military commander of each of the 2 prongs of the Allied attack in the Pacific War?

General Douglas MacArthur

Who was the supreme commander of the Allied forces from 1944 on?

General Dwight Eisenhower

What was the first military operation of World War 2 in which the United States took part?

Operation Torch

Invasion of Denmark and Norway

Operation Weserübung was the code name for Germany's assault on Denmark and Norway during the Second World War and the opening operation of the Norwegian Campaign.

What event sparked American involvement in WW2? When did it occur?

Pearl Harbor, December 7th, 1941

What three actions did FDR take in response to Japan's seizure of French Indochina?

Placed an oil embargo on Japan Froze Japanese assets Placed all U.S. forces in the Far East under the command of General MacArthur

The invasion of what nation sparked WW2?

Poland

"Cash- and-Carry"

Policy was a help to England, which had a large navy. In addition, the act prohibited U.S. ships and passengers from entering the ports of belligerent nations.

Winston Churchill

Prime Minister of Brittian in the 30's and 40's, inspired the beleaguered Britons with his grand defiance and fighting spirit: "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat. . . . You ask, what is our policy? I will say: It is to wage war, by sea, land, and air, with all our might and with all the strength God can give us. . . . You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word: It is victory.

Beginning of WW2

September 1st 1939, Poland

What action did several states take during World War II to conserve gasoline?

Set a "Victory Speed" speed limit of 35 mph

In what region of France did the landings in Operation Overlord take place?

Southern Europe

nazi

Soviet nonaggression pact

Rome-Berlin

Tokyo Axis- an alliance of dictator states

FDR's opponent, Republican Wendell Willkie

a former New Deal Democrat, had early recognized the Nazi menace and urged preparedness and support of the Allies, but he was careful not to seem to support U.S. intervention.

"Flying Tigers"

a group of pilots known as the American Volunteer Group,

Atlantic Charter

a list of "common principles" such as self-determination, freedom of the seas, and economic cooperation.

Iwo Jima

a little speck of volcanic ash

Hiroshima

a modern city on Japan's Honshu Island, was largely destroyed by an atomic bomb during World War II.

Sudetenland

a predominantly German area in western Czechoslovakia.

Rhineland

an industrial region of Germany near Alsace-Lorraine that, under the Versailles Treaty, was to remain demilitarized.

Operation Torch

commanded by General Dwight D. Eisenhower, used 850 ships to land troops on the west coast of Africa at Casablanca, Oran, and Algiers.

General Douglas MacArthur-

commander of all American forces in the Far East.

Fascism

first established as a governing force in Italy in 1922 under Benito Mussolini,was a nationalistic, militaristic, totalitarian mass movement that profited from the discontent spawned by hard times.

What dangers do you think Churchill foresaw that encouraged him to support a second front against Europe's "soft underbelly" rather than solely an invasion of France as the initial relief for Soviet troops?

he was afraid to surrender

Rationing

is the controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, or services, or an artificial restriction of demand.

Battle of Britain

is the name given to the Second World War defense of the United Kingdom by the Royal Air Force against an onslaught by the German Air Force which began at the end of June 1940

St. Lô

the Allied forces broke out into the French countryside for the push to Paris.

"Barbarossa,"-

the Germans launched attacks at 3 strategic cities—Leningrad to the north, Moscow in the center, and Stalingrad to the south—engulfing the Soviet heartland in some of the fiercest, costliest fighting of the war.