Chpater 13
The experiment by Solomon Asch showed that 75% conformed to the majority imitation is not frequent 25% conformed to the majority most people are objective and analytical
75% conformed to the majority
What was a motivating factor that pushed Congress to pass the Bilingual Education Act in 1968? A hope that ESL training would lift individuals out of poverty A desire to circumvent state laws related to bilingual education A desire to provide more jobs for ESL professionals A desire to discourage immigration
A hope that ESL training would lift individuals out of poverty
What is the Lau plan? A guideline for filing civil rights and education cases with the U.S. Supreme Court A set of guidelines that lets schools know how to provide an education for Chinese-American students A plan designed to desegregate public school systems A set of guidelines that lets schools know how to provide an education for English language learners
A set of guidelines that lets schools know how to provide an education for English language learners
What precipitated the need for a government sanctioned ESL program in Dade County, Florida during the 1960s? New laws regarding ESL curriculum in public schools An increase in immigration Low student test scores Lack of qualified teachers
An increase in immigration
What was the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Meyer v. Nebraska? ELLs should be able to attend Nebraska schools. Civic development does not outweigh a student's right to learn. Teachers cannot speak or teach in German. Civic development always outweighs a student's right to learn.
Civic development does not outweigh a student's right to learn.
Imagine that your school has a program for ELLs that complies with all of the legal requirements. However, some parents opt out of the program. In this case, what is the ONLY duty the school must carry on? Convince parents to participate by saying that the ELL program is a legal requirement Continue to provide those students with an ELL program to avoid a lawsuit Communicate the parents' decision to the Department of Education Continue to provide the program to ELLs whose parents do not opt out
Continue to provide the program to ELLs whose parents do not opt out
The following statement about the federal law Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is NOT correct: ESSA has a total of three titles. Back in 1965, the original law was the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). Title III of ESSA regulates language instruction for English learners and immigrant students. The whole purpose of ESSA is to guarantee all students access good school services.
ESSA has a total of three titles.
Which of the following is a criticism of the modern communicative approach ESL methodology? It focuses too heavily on reading and writing skills to the detriment of oral English. It requires too many resources and is too expensive to implement and fund. It does not help students with pronunciation, especially in relation to everyday conversation. It focuses too heavily on oral English to the detriment of reading and writing skills.
It focuses too heavily on oral English to the detriment of reading and writing skills.
What was the first U.S. Supreme Court case that impacted English language learners? Brown v. Board of Education Mendez v. Westminister Meyer v. Nebraska Lau v. Nichols
Meyer v. Nebraska
How can an educational institution make sure they are meeting the Equal Educational Opportunities Act and meeting the needs of English language learners? Provide some services to some students who do not know English but not all of them. Provide all the materials and instruction as other students receive and extra programs if needed to learn English. Provide a school in a different location where students can receive special services. Provide the same materials to all students and the same instruction whether English speaking or not.
Provide all the materials and instruction as other students receive and extra programs if needed to learn English.
What was the school district in Mendez v. Westminster doing prior to the U.S. Supreme Court's decision? Segregating Spanish-speaking students from the rest of the students Segregating African-American students from the rest of the students Busing English-speaking students to schools in predominantly Spanish-speaking neighborhoods Forbidding Spanish-speaking students from attending public school until they learned English
Segregating Spanish-speaking students from the rest of the students
How long has ESL education been in the U.S.? Since the turn of the 19th century Since the late 20th century Since the end of World War II Since the 17th century
Since the 17th century
Choose the best definition for English language learners. Students who do not speak any English Students with knowledge of multiple languages Students who are learning English Spanish speaking students
Students who are learning English
As part of their right to an equal educational opportunity, ELLs have the right to a program that addresses their language limitations. What is NOT a legal requirement for the program? Teachers who speak the ELLs' native language A basis in a sound theory A system of evaluation Qualified teachers
Teachers who speak the ELLs' native language
What ESL methodology was championed by Charles Berlitz? The direct natural method The communicative approach method The audio-lingual method The listen and speak method
The direct natural method
Based on Castañeda vs. Pickard, what should a school district make sure of when implementing a bilingual education program? The program needs to be used by most schools across the country. The program needs to be available in all modern languages that exist. The program needs to be tested and checked for effectiveness. The program needs to be accepted by parents and enjoyed by students.
The program needs to be tested and checked for effectiveness.
What was the impact of Castañeda vs. Pickard on bilingual education? The ruling established a ban on ability grouping in schools across Texas. The ruling established guidelines to hold bilingual education programs accountable. The ruling banned employment discrimination based on national origin. The ruling desegregated schools all over the United States.
The ruling established guidelines to hold bilingual education programs accountable.
According to one of the criteria used to measure bilingual programs set forth by the ruling in Castañeda vs. Pickard, what does effective implementation mean? The school should have 90% of all English language learners become language proficient by the end of the school year. The school should have enough people, materials, resources and space to deliver the instruction needed for the program. The school should have enough support from parents to help tutor students in the English language at home. The school should provide proof of the effect of the implementation of the instructional program
The school should have enough people, materials, resources and space to deliver the instruction needed for the program.
Imagine that you work in a school that, for the first time this year, has only two ELL students. The school receives enough funding to create an ELL program to serve at least 200 students. What is the correct approach for the school to use? Use the funding to buy ELL materials for the two students' use, without hiring any teachers. Use the funding to create an ELL program for those two students. Use the funding to hire only one ELL teacher who can help the two students but do not buy any materials. Suggest that the students attend a different school that has a more significant number of ELLs.
Use the funding to create an ELL program for those two students.
Under Title III of Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), state education agencies (SEAs) can access funding for ELL programs but they must have the following: data on the percentage of ELLs an approved plan telling how they will use the grants a plan for professional development of teachers a biennial report to the Secretary of Education
an approved plan telling how they will use the grants
Separating students based on their ability to speak English is _____. an illegal act called segregation. a legal act called equal access a legal act called segregation an illegal act called equal access
an illegal act called segregation.
Sebastian struggles to speak English. Under the Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974, it is his school's responsibility to take action to help remove language _____ that will keep him from accessing the general curriculum. barriers protection segregation discrimination
barriers
Who does the Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974 protect? faculty and staff against employment discrimination students against faculty issuing disciplinary action faculty and staff from getting fired students and faculty against discrimination by staff
faculty and staff against employment discrimination
Under the federal law Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), the following happened to funding for school programs: funding is only for ELL programs funding is limited to immigrant students funding decreased funding increased for ELL programs
funding increased for ELL programs
As per procedures to implement ELL programs according to Title III of the federal law Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), schools must do all of the following, EXCEPT: give recognition to teachers through sub-grants establish and implement ELL programs with given grants assess potential English learners within 30 days of enrollment in school submit annual report to state education agency
give recognition to teachers through sub-grants
Cultural norms are transmitted through the following systems government, schools, family government, schools schools, family none of the answers are correct
government, schools, family
As per Title III of the federal law Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), state education agencies have the following duty in order to receive grants to develop ELL programs: receive the annual reports from school districts have an approved plan that details how grants will be used assist teachers with professional development issue a biennial report to the Secretary of Education
have an approved plan that details how grants will be used
Under the federal law Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), a school should include ELL program results (such as scores) as follows: no need to include this data in reports in an annual report and separate from the overall performance in an annual report and within the overall school performance in a biennial report and within the overall school performance
in an annual report and within the overall school performance
The U.S. Supreme Court case Lau v. Nichols was important to ELL rights because _____. it obliges schools to design special programs for ELLs it prohibits discrimination against students based on race, color, or national origin it clarifies that the right to equal educational opportunity has a basis in civil rights it gives Chinese students the right to access a special English program
it clarifies that the right to equal educational opportunity has a basis in civil rights
Cultural norms keep society moving in a scary direction all of the answers are correct progressive moving in a similar direction
moving in a similar direction
The Equal Educational Opportunities Act provides _____ against unfair treatment related to identifiers such as race and national origin. protections discrimination barriers segregation
protections
According to the ruling in Castañeda vs. Pickard, a bilingual education program must be based on _____ which means that it should make logical sense as a method of instruction. quality expert advice effective implementation language barriers sound educational theory
sound educational theory
Equal educational opportunity for ELLs means all of the following, EXCEPT _____. that ELLs have access to the same education as their peers who are proficient in English that ELLs cannot be discriminated against because of their language limitations that ELLs have access to programs that help them overcome their language limitations that ELLs can expect their English teachers to teach extra hours to ensure their students' language proficiency
that ELLs can expect their English teachers to teach extra hours to ensure their students' language proficiency
What did the plaintiff in Castañeda vs. Pickard allege? that he was discriminated against that his daughters' rights were violated that his daughters' were not taught correctly that he was not hired because he was Mexican-American
that his daughters' rights were violated
There can be danger in blind conformity false only in other countries, not in the United States true none of the answers are correct
true
Cultural norms and values are closely related because they are both examples of a progressive culture they are contradictory values are attitudes, and norms are the behaviors related to the attitudes they are types of character traits
values are attitudes, and norms are the behaviors related to the attitudes
