Chpt. 25 Urinary System Practice Review

Choose the one trait that does not characterize the structure of a nephron.

Blood that will be filtered flows into the glomerular capsule.

If your lab partner asked you to explain what triggers the process of micturition, which of the following would you most likely say?

Stretch receptors in the bladder wall trigger the micturition reflex.

Where does most secretion of substances out of the blood occur in the nephron?

distal convoluted tubule

Name the structures in the kidney that produce urine.

nephrons

Juxtaglomerular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete _______________ when _______________.

renin; blood pressure drops

Scenario: The urine sample that you are tested was very acidic. Its pH was ________.

3.5

Angiotensin II is a potent hormone that __________. A.) causes constriction of the efferent arteriole at the nephron B.) triggers the release of ADH in the CNS C.) stimulates secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex and epinephrine by the adrenal medulla D.) All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following statements accurately compares the steps in urine production?

Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscles, whereas reabsorption and secretion occur in the renal tubules.

The tuft of capillaries in the renal corpuscle is called the

Glomerulus

Which of these is not a function of the kidneys?

The kidneys deactivate vitamin D and stimulated the activity of osteoclasts.

Choose the statement that does not correctly characterize the kidneys.

The right kidney is usually 5 to 2 centimeters higher than the left one.

Within the renal tubule, two hormones play a role in determining the final volume and sodium concentration of the urine. The hormone _______________ regulates sodium reabsorption, while ________________ regulates water reabsorption.

aldosterone; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which factor does not affect glomerular filtration rate?

concentration of leukocytes in the blood

Nephrons consist of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscles are located in the ______ of the kidney.

cortex

Micturition is a synonym for ________.

emptying the bladder

The functions of the urinary system include ________.

excreting nitrogenous wastes, maintaining electrolyte balance, and maintaining acid-base and fluid balance

This structure is a capillary bed from which blood is filtered into the nephron.

glomerulus

List the parts of the nephron in correct sequential order: ________.

glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop

The juxtamedullary nephrons ________.

have a nephron loop that penetrates deeply into the renal medulla

The renal artery enters the kidney at this indented area.

hilum

All the following are functions of the hormone aldosterone except:

it regulates the excretion of calcium from the peritubular capillary

The innermost portion of the kidney is called the renal ________.

medulla

These cells form a porous membrane (like a sieve) surrounding the endothelial cells of the glomerulus.

podocytes

Tubular reabsorption is responsible for retaining nutrients the body requires. Most tubular reabsorption occurs in the _______________ where microvilli, and their numerous carrier proteins, increase the surface area available for reabsorption.

proximal convoluted tubule

Where does most selective re-absorption occur in the nephron?

proximal convoluted tubule

The functions of the urinary system does not include ________.

reabsorption of fats into the lymph

Urine is formed by three processes. In which process do filtrate components that are useful to the body move from the nephron into the blood?

tubular reabsorption

Select the structure or structures that are much longer in males than in females.

urethra