Christian Scripture - Midterm
What does God say his name is in Exodus?
"I am who I am, I will be who I will be" "Lord" - In Hebrew this translates to "YHWH" (no vowels originally)
Describe Saul-
-Disobedient to god with burnt offering -Has good intentions, but doesn't do many things right -Lots of pressure being the first King -God communicates more to Samuel, that would be frustrating
What do laments have in them?
-Disorientation -Direct adress to God -Complaints -Petitions -Expressions of confidence -Vow to praise (not all have this)
Describe the dynamics of "chosen people"
-Does not mean he is rejecting everyone else, need followers and leaders -Ordinary people -Chosen to complete a task
What is problematic about saying that people have governance over animals?
-Does that mean humans can do whatever they want or that we are supposed to protect them?
What criteria was used to decide what to include in the Bible?
-Does this text get used/referenced? -The author, accreditation -Whether or not it's inclusion would be valuable -Spiritually useful? -How much does it cohere with other scriptures? Orthodoxy
What is the criteria for being a "true" prophet? Is this problematic?
-Doesn't tell you to turn away from God -If what they say comes true can be problematic: what if the prophecy isn't until way in the future? No way of knowing if it will come true
What are some threats to God's promises in Genesis?
-Endangered ancestresses, wives being taken by king would endanger the possibility of offspring -Barren ancestresses -Threat of the life of the Child of promise
Why is finding a common census of meaning in the Bible problematic?
-Everyone has different biases, edu -Texts can be understood differently through different languages, certain words might signify different connotations -Texts can be confusing -How does someone write something without an intent?
What are some interesting comparisons between other animals and humans?
-God created all living things, but we are the only one made in his "image" -We have certain domination over other animals
What does the Jews returning to their land say about God?
-God keeps his promises no matter how many times the Israelites screw up -God never said that they would live in the land each and every day, just that it is there land in the long run -Babylonians Gods are not more powerful
How can God "remember" something?
-God remembering something does not mean he forgot them -When God remembers something, it is always followed by action ex: people remember people's birthdays without forgetting them first
What books were included by some, but ultimately rejected?
-Gospel of Hebrews -Letters of Barnabas -First Letter of Clement -Shepherd of Hermas -Revelation of Peter
What books were rejected by the majority?
-Gospel of Thomas; Peter; Phillip -Other letters of Paul, Peter, and James -Acts of Peter; Paul; John
What are some responses to the exile (after Babylonian and Assyrian conquests)?
-Has God been defeated? -Are Babylonian Gods greater? -Does God keep promises?
How is God described in the garden of Eden and what questions does that bring up?
-He was "walking" in the garden, does that mean he has human body? Legs?
What books were debated by some?
-Hebrews -James -2 Peter -2-3 John -Jude -Revelation (to John)
How can you tell if something is a good interpretation of the Bible?
-If it does not contradict known truths about God -Acknowledgement that we don't know everything -If it fits with historical context -if it does not serve to hurt people
Describe some artistic interpretations of Bathsheba:
-In some art she looks innocent and in some she looks seductive -some art sees her on the roof, while most see David on the roof -story of abusive power and rape
What are significant geographical features of Israel?
-Israel bigger than Judah -Israel has access to Mediterranean coast, while Judah is land locked
Describe King Solomon:
-Likes foreign women, God is against this because it will lead him to follow foreign Gods -Well known for being wise, clever with the two women and their baby
Describe the prophet, Jeremiah:
-Long career, worked for Good and bad kings -Very honest in his complaints
Describe the process of canonization for the Bible:
-Long process, both composition and collection took centuries -We know more about NT than OT -Different "parties" argued for different books of the bible to be included
How is the ending from Nehemiah different from Ezra?
-More realistic ending -Instead of expelling foreign women, he says just don't do it from here on out
Who was Moses raised by?
-Moses raised partly by his mom, but also by Pharaoh's daughter -Mom gave Moses back when he was "grown up", when was that?
Who is Aaron? Who is Miriam?
-Moses' brother, together they led the Israelites out of Egypt --Moses' sister who helped pharaoh's daughter chose their mom as a Hebrew nurse
How was Moses raised by his mom if she put him in the river?
-Moses' older sister was there when Pharaoh's daughter found him -She told the P's daughter that she knew a Hebrew women who could help nurse the baby -That women was Moses' mom!
How are laments hopeful?
-Movement to hope through the complaints -Personal and communal -After ranting about something you feel better
What are songs of thanksgiving in Psalms?
-New orientation -Summary of what God has done -conclusion of praise
What are the major covenants in the OT?
-Noachic -Abrahamic -Mosaic -Davidic -"New Covenant" in Jeremiah
Who found the baby floating in the river in Exodus? Who was the baby?
-Pharaoh's daughter found him -Baby was Moses
How is Blessing described in Abraham's covenant?
-Promise of protection -Through Abraham's offspring, the whole world will be blessed
Describe Chronicles-
-Same history as Samuel - Kings, just written later -Offers different perspective on the same event -Tells you about various historical implications
Describe the Book of Ezekiel:
-Same time as Jeremiah, different location -Ezekiel is a prophet who has visions of wheel, scroll, and glory of God
Who were Sarah and Rebekah married too?
-Sarah is Abraham's wife -Rebekah is Isaac's wife
What ends up happening with Bathsheba and Saul?
-Saul puts Uriah (her husband) at the front of the battle field so he dies -Saul marries Bathsheba -Bathsheba gives birth to Solomon
Why does God set the Israelites free in Exodus?
-So that they could worship and serve him -Physical & Social liberation
What is a canon?
-Standard to measure faith and truth -Collection of writings
What books were widely accepted?
-The Gospels -Acts -Paul's Letter -1 Peter -1 John
What are some possibilities for where meaning is truly located?
-The author's intended interpretation -The reader's interpretation -The Texts
Who is Ruth?
-The mother of Obed, and the great grandmother of King David -Daughter in law of Naomi -Becomes wife of Boaz (son of Rahab the prostitute)
Why do we need to read the Bible critically?
-There are scribe errors (Leviticus 20:10, same thing said twice) -Lots of different translations differ Bible to Bible, sometimes changing storylines -Written by Humans, lots of human intervention, not just "Word of God"
Why are the Israelites enslaved by Pharaoh and why did he want all their baby boys killed in Exodus?
-They were becoming so great that Pharaoh was threatened -He wanted to limit their numbers/strength
What does it mean to fear the lord?
-To respect his power, sacred, like fear of the Ocean -God is a lion, not a kitten -healthy fear
How does God's power get described in Genesis?
-Transcendent -Involved -Immanent
What impacts how we read the bible?
-What we think of the Bible, our prior opinion/perspective will affect how we read it
Why is the promise land theologically and morally problematic?
-Why would God not just promise an uninhabited land? -Innocent people, kids, animals killed -Similar to colonization process, Israelites similar to europeans taking over land in the name of God
How were the Descendants described in Abraham's covenant?
-Will become a "Great Nation" -Offspring will be like dust of the Earth (many) -Offspring like stars, sand on the seashore
What are some portrayals of women in Proverbs?
-Woman wisdom -Woman folly -Women of valor
Describe the Dead Sea Scrolls:
-Written on animal skins -Preserved in pottery jars by the Dead Sea -Shepherd found them in 1947
Describe King Josiah:
-Young King -Very good king -Sets up reforms to follow God
Would we want a God who didn't get upset and doesn't feel?
-if he didn't get mad then he wouldn't care -God cares, he gets mad at injustice, evil
What are the 3 contextual worlds?
1. Historical Contexts 2. Literary Contexts 3. Readers Contexts
In the original text of Genesis, the words used for "male and female" were a hendiadys. What does that mean?
A hendiadys is a spectrum means (one through two), so although people sometimes see gender as oppositional, Genesis actually says that gender is a spectrum
Who is Hagar a slave to?
Abraham and Sarah
Who is Lot?
Abraham's nephew who was raped by his daughters who intoxicated him
Who tried to kill Isaac? Why?
Abraham, his father -God commanded him to do so -It was a test to see how faithful Abraham was
What is Lamentations about?
Acrostic poem expressing Israel's grief -personification of city as a princess -God who punishes and is compassionate
Who is Abel?
Adam and Eve's second son. Murdered by Cain, his brother.
Where does the name Adam come from?
Adamah means Earth -Human made from the dust of the Earth, really his name means "Earthling"
Who is commanded to be killed in the beginning of Exodus? Is this genocide?
All Hebrew baby boys -yes, it is mass murder based on ethnic bias
Some texts of the Bible can be poetic and metaphorical, why is that problematic?
Allows there to be a gray area -Connotations of things used in metaphors (Goats, towers, etc) changed over time
What strategy did Assyrians use with Israelites? What strategy did the Babylonians use?
Assyrians: Dispersion, The Diaspora Babylonians: Just owned the land, let them keep their lives, culture
Who is Nebuchadnezzar?
Babylonian King who conquered Jerusalem
Who is Uriah the Hittite?
Bathsheba's first husband, he gets sent off to war and then killed so David could be with Bathsheba
What is the literary context of Psalms?
Biblical poetry -parallelism, expressing ideas expansively -repetition, metaphor, simile
What is the Apocrypha?
Biblical writings not accepted through the canonization process -rejected scriptures
Israel must have existed by when? How do we know?
By 1224-1211 BCE -Merneptah Steele -Earliest historical reference that was not biblical
What are Hymns of Praise in Psalms?
Call to praise God or statement of praise
What are different connotations of Noah's Ark for children vs adults?
Children: colorful, cute, animals, Adults: Death, pain, wickedness
How do Jews and Christians differ in their interpretations of Saul?
Christians tend to see him as bad, while Jews see him as tragic
The word "Testament" (in regard to Old Testament and New Testament) comes from what word?
Covenant, so really OT and NT means Old Covenant and New Covenant
Who is Nehemiah?
Cupbearer to Persian king --> Governor of Judah
How do we know Cyrus definitely did this?
Cyrus cylinder, historical/archeological evidence that Jews returned
How do some people see David and Bathsheba as an analogy for the church?
David = Jesus Bathsheba = Jesus' wife, which is the church Her bathing is a "baptism" of sorts in this theory
Who is Nathan in the bible?
David's adviser/prophet?
Who is the next King of Israel after Saul? What did he do as a young man?
David, he defeated Goliath
What ethnicity were the midwives in Exodus?
Debated on whether they were Egyptian or Hebrew -Says "Hebrew Midwives", but that could also be read as "Midwives of the Hebrews"
What is significant about legacies and names in Genesis?
Distinction between God making your name great and you trying to make a name for yourself
When was Jonah a prophet?
During the Divided Kingdom, 8th century BCE
What happens in the valley of dry bones in Ezekiel?
God brought dry dead bodies back to life, not beyond God's power
Is God a man or a woman?
God is genderless -God never describes himself with "he/him" pronouns, other people do -Higher power, not bound by human gender spectrum
What happens in 2 Samuel 7?
God makes a covenant with David -David said he would build a house for God (alter), God said that was not necessary and instead he was going to build a house for him (a dynasty)
How is there a connection between Isaac and Jesus?
God told Abraham to stop because he would provide the lamb, connection to Jesus on the cross in the future
Why would the ancient people not want a female God?
Goddesses were associated with cults and other religions at the time
Who is the only human to give God a name?
Hagar, Egyptian slave girl
How is Isaiah different from a regular prophet?
He is not hesitant
What does Jeremiah do after he laments?
He praises the lord, but is still sad -reality of human experience
How did the lord feel about appointing Saul as king?
He was "sorry"
What is the consequence for Saul not doing well?
He was rejected and replaced -an evil spirit tormented him
What language was the Old Testament written in? What is notable about this?
Hebrew, written without vowels
What happens to pharaoh after each plague? What does this mean?
His heart is hardened -There is not a separate word for mind and heart in Hebrew, so this kinda means he was stubborn
What king came after David?
His son, Solomon
What was Saul's consequence for not following the Lord's commandments well?
His son, the product of his adultery with Bathsheba, dies
What is Proverbs about?
How wisdom brings joy
How is Manasseh portrayed differently in 2 Chronicles from 2 Kings?
In 2 Chronicles he prays for forgiveness, while he does not in 2 Kings -Two different people/perspectives writing about Manasseh (think about if your roommate vs. your mom wrote about you)
Describe the art work looked at in class, "The sacrifice of Isaac", Caravaggio 1601:
In this depiction... -Isaac seems extremely upset -Abraham seems really grieved -Angel has to physically stop Abraham in this interpretation
In which book of the Bible is God like the "husband" to Israel and in which book of the bible is he like the "parent"?
Isaiah - Parent Jeremiah - Husband (Partner (Israel) is having constant affairs, God is hurt)
Who is Jael?
Israelite woman in book of Deborah -Heroine who killed Sisera
What is important to remember about story telling in the ancient world?
It was an Oral culture, very few people were literate -they were very good at listening, much better than people are today
What does hebel mean?
It's there, but not solid, doesn't last (like vapor or breath)
Who is Hezekiah?
King of Judah -Confident that God will keep Jerusalem safe from Assyrian King Sennacherib -Gets sick, God gives him 15 more years - in that time he has his son, Manasseh
Who is Jehoiachin?
King of Judah for 3 months, son of Jehoaikim
Who is Ahaz?
King of Judah, Ahaz is short for Jehoahaz -he reigned after Josiah -dies in Egypt
What is the last book of the OT?
Malachi, about priestly corruption and a coming messenger
What is an Old Testament Prophet and what do they do?
Messengers from the divine king to human kings -They communicate with both words and actions, enhance the message -Predictions of the future and wake up calls for the present
What ethnicity is Ruth? Why are they seen as bad?
Moabite, not an origin story to be proud of, they came from Lot being raped by his daughters
What is an example of a conditional covenant in the OT?
Mosaic
What were the judges in the book of judges like?
Mostly military leaders/saviors, not really judges in the legal/court sense
When was the earliest writing of the New Testament? When was the Old Testament canonized?
NT: 125 CE (100 years after Jesus) OT: 70 CE
Prophets emphasize both Orthodoxy and Orthopraxy - what do these words mean?
Orthodoxy- right belief Orthopraxy - right practice
What is Psalms about?
Praises to God -Hymns of praise -Laments -Songs of thanksgiving
Who is Huldah?
Prophetess to Josiah who knew exactly what to do with "The book of law" that was found
What does it mean to be chosen?
That you are called by God to fulfill a purpose
What is the Bible we have today?
The Bible of the one Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church
What is the Readers Context?
The World in front of the Bible -How does my own situation affect interpretation? -Have you seen Veggie Tales?
What is the Literary Context?
The World within the Bible -How do literary features of the text affect interpretation?
What is the Bible?
The canon of Christian scripture
What is the Historical context?
The world behind the Bible
What is Hermeneutics?
Theory of interpretation (of scripture) -science of interpretation and explanation, exegesis - especially the branch of theology which define laws
Why do the Israelites make a Golden Calf in Exodus 32?
They desire a physical form of God -not very grateful -constantly questioning God -whiny
Why did the people want to build the tower of Babel in Genesis 11?
To make a name for themselves
What does Noah's name mean?
To rest
Why was all the genealogy mentioned in Genesis?
To show that they were being fruitful and multiplying
What does it mean to not say God's name in vain?
Vain means emptiness, don't connect his name with something he didn't say, don't use it lightly Interesting thought from class - Can people misuse God's name by saying they are a Christian and not represent it well?
Define scriptures-
sacred writings
What does deuterocanonical mean?
second authority scripture
What is Dynamic equivalence?
strives to be "thought for thought", more understandable in someone's context, less literal
What does Exegesis mean?
to lead out of
What are the 4 categories of a books' status in Canonization?
1. Widely Accepted 2. Debated by some 3. Included by some, but ultimately rejected 4. Rejected by the majority
What are 4 traits of wisdom in the OT?
1. utilitarian and pragmatic in character 2. Emphasis on reward and retribution 3. Focus on fate and behavior of individual 4. Wrestling with question of human existence
How many plagues did Moses and God inflict on Egypt? Why?
10 -Wanted to show Egyptians how powerful their God was -prove their God was superior
About when does King David reign?
1000 BCE
When was The United Kingdom?
1020 BCE
When was the time of Judges?
1200-1000 BCE
When was the entry into the promise land?
1240 BCE
When were the events in Exodus?
1280 BCE
When was the Apocrypha written?
250- 50 BCE
About what year did Jesus die?
30 CE
How long was Moses with God on the Mountain?
40 days and 40 nights (literary device describing a long time - need to know literary context)
When was the formal canonization of Christianity?
4th-5th centuries
How many books are there within Psalms?
5
When do the tribes of Judah and Benjamin return after exile?
538 BCE
When does the Southern Kingdom of Judah fall to the Babylonians?
587 BCE
When is the Northern Kingdom of Israel destroyed by the Assyrians?
722 BCE
When does the kingdom become divided into Israel and Judah?
922 BCE
Who is Sisera?
A Canaanite general in the story of Deborah
What are some take-aways from the art piece we looked at on Noah's Ark?
-All animals, not just humans died in the flood -All humans undressed, naked -Monochromatic setting, darkness Pic is ex, not the same one discussed in class
How do God's people get described in Genesis?
-As created in God's image -Both Male and Female -Created for rest, obedience, work, and fellowship
What is Ecclesiastes about?
-Asks critical questions about life ("we're all gonna die anyways" kinda thing) -Asks what the purpose of life is basically
What is The Beatles song, Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds based on? So, the authors intent v readers interpretaion?
-Based on Kids drawing (authors intent) -People think its based on LSD since those are the main letters of the title (readers interpretation)
Describe the progression of acquired Land in the covenant with Abraham?
-Begins unspecific, requires a lot of faith -Gives little more info ("Southward", "Eastward", "Northward", and "Westward") -More specific, From the river in Egypt too...
How do Christians see the Apocrypha?
-Catholics/Eastern Orthodox see them as Deuterocanonical -Protestants moved them to a separate section and then removed them altogether
Describe David as king:
-Committed adultery with Bathsheba while her husband was off at war -Known for being brave and trusting in God -Also greedy, was abusive with his power -Wrote poetry and was a musician
What are some of the early manuscripts of the Old Testament?
-Dead Sea scrolls (200 BCE - 200 CE) -Aleppo Codex (930)
What portrayals of women are there in Judges?
-Deborah: strong ass military leader -Levite's concubine: raped, beaten, killed, cut up into 12 pieces
What is a covenant?
-Deep contract to grow together and change -A contract and a promise, but when one person breaks the promise, it still remains usually
What are 2 basic convictions about wisdom in OT? Examples of these in Books?
1. Confidence about order in the cosmos and in human existence ex: Proverbs (optimistic) 2. Realistic awareness of limits of human power and understanding ex: Ecclesiastes (skeptical, critical)
How is Genesis foundational for Theology?
1. God as a creator 2. God's people 3. God's World as good, but fallen
The covenant with Abraham had what 3 elements?
1. Land 2. Descendants 3. Blessing
What 3 categories does Origen (Early Christian Scholar) say text can be?
1. Literal 2. Moral 3. Allegorical
What are 4 ways of understanding the Herem (ban)?
1. Sacrifice 2. God's Justice 3. Expediency 4. Non-profit War
Who is Barak?
An Israelite general in the story of Deborah
Who asked "Where is Meaning located"?
Aristotle
Was Bathsheba naked when David first saw her?
Art often depicts her as naked, but not necessarily, she was bathing but practices could be different than ours
How is God typically depicted? How does this impact the way we see humans?
As an old white man -old white men in society have the most power
What is interesting about each plague in Egypt in regard to Egyptian Gods?
Each plague associated with an Egyptian God/Goddess, as if the Israelites God were defeating them at their own game
Who is Cyrus? What did he do?
Emperor of Persia, there was a policy of return where he let his conquests go back home as long as they paid their taxes/supported gov
Who does not die in Genesis?
Enoch, gets "taken" by God
What is the take-away from the book of Jonah?
Everyone deserves 2nd chances
Did the Israelites enter the promise land peacefully or violently?
Evidence for both -Pottery evidence for peaceful infiltration, fits with judges -United military occupation in Joshua
Where are the ten commandments in the Bible?
Exodus 20
What is the capital of Judah?
Jerusalem
What is The TANAK? Explain
Jewish collection of Scripture -basically the OT -organized by content differently
Did Judaism accept the Apocrypha?
Jews rejected these writings as sacred scripture (not in Jewish Bible), but still referenced them in practice
Who do Jews trace their heritage through? Arabs?
Jews trace their heritage through Isaac Arabs trace their heritage through Ishmael
When do the Israelites enter the promise land and take it over?
Joshua and Judges
Which kingdom is seen as better at worshipping God?
Judah, Israel is seen as less intimate or good at worship
Who is Agag?
King of Amalek, defeated by King Saul
Why does Abram's name get changed to Abraham?
New meaning, means "father of many"
Can we separate tradition and scripture?
No, we can't divorce scripture and tradition because scripture is a product of tradition
What is an example of an unconditional covenant in the OT?
Noachic
What was the purpose of Noah's Ark?
Not to destroy, but to cleanse
Why did God choose Abraham in Genesis?
Noticed he didn't worship other Gods
Who is Zedekiah?
OG name is Mattaniah, he was King of Judah until destruction by Babylonians
Who is Caleb?
One of the spies sent by Moses to spy on land of Canaan
What is the book of Nehemiah concerned with?
Re-building the city walls of Jerusalem
Describe this quote: "A text without a context is a pretext for a prooftext"
Reading a text without knowing context is an excuse to say something inaccurate to push your own agenda/use scripture to justify something not biblically accurate
How does God refer to himself throughout the Bible and what could that mean?
Refers to himself as "Us, We", could be... -Trinity -Addressing other divine beings/angels -Gender
What is important to remember about laws in the old testament?
Remember the spirit of the law, the intent behind it -the same exact practices should not necessarily be normative today
Who is Ehud?
Rises up against King of Moab, left-handed man who tricked him -Israelite hero
What is the capital of Israel?
Samaria
What women were barren in Genesis?
Sarah and Rebekah
Who was the first king of Israel?
Saul
How does St. Augustine see the concept of a good Interpretation?
Says any interpretation that increases the rule of love is a good interpretation -no one single meaning
Who is Ezra and what did he do?
Scribe/priest skilled in law -He expelled all of the foreign wives, extra careful not to offend God
What force of nature has a very powerful connotation in Genesis? Why?
Sea -God uses floods to punish -Seas cover the Earth -people thought that there were seas above the sky
Who is Rahab?
She is a prostitute who helps two Israelite spies when they are in trouble. She also believes that Yahewh is the stronger God.
Who were the midwives in the beginning of Exodus and what did they do?
Shiphrah and Puah -They don't kill the baby boys
Are being chosen and being blessed the same?
Similar with overlaps, but different -being chosen tends to be associated with a task while a blessing is just a promise of protection
Why are the Minor Prophets considered "Minor?"
Size of the book, not reflective of their theological influence
Who is Jeroboam?
Solomon's servant who ruled the northern tribes in the kingdom of Israel. Centered the worship at two ancient shrines instead of the holy city of Jerusalem.
Who is Rehoboam?
Solomon's son, first king of Judah, kingdoms split during his reign
When did Adam and Eve first have sex and why does that matter?
Some think they had sex before the fall, in which case people see sex as sinful Some think they had sex after the fall, in which sex is not seen as sinful
What was the only criteria for a good king in Israel?
Someone who is faithful and obedient to God
Who is Ishmael?
Son of Abraham and Hagar (his slave)
Who is Isaac? How long did it take for him to be born?
Son of Abraham and Sarah, took 25 years
What is literal equivalence?
Strives to be "word for word", more literal
What historical context is offered up in Psalms?
Superscriptions, tells us who wrote each poem
Where does the word "TANAK" come from?
T - Torah (Law) N- Nevi'im (Prophets) K- Kethuvim (Writing)
Why did Shiphrah and Puah not kill the baby boys as they were supposed to?
The Hebrew women went through labor too quick for them to get there
What is ironic about King David and the war?
The Israelites wanted a king who would fight battles with them, yet David stays in Jerusalem
What is the consequence for Solomon not following God's commandments?
The kingdom becomes divided Israel (North kingdom) & Judah (South Kingdom)
What is the book of Ezra concerned with?
The re-building of the temple
What should we be agnostic about?
The things the text does not say!
Are there enemies in the world?
The verse, "Love your enemies" implies that there are
What does Krister Standel differentiate about a text?
What a text meant is descriptive, while what a text means is normative -What something means at some point in history could mean something different today
Who is Zipporah?
Wife of Moses
What different words were described under the same term in the Bible?
Words for "Women" and "Wife" were the same Words for "Husband" and "Man" were the same
Who is Manasseh? Describe him:
Worst King of Judah -Worshipped other Gods, rebuilt what their ancestors had done, forced sons to go through fire, engaged in magical practices, witchcraft, wizardry -Influenced the rest of Judah to to worship idols -Jerusalem gets conquered while he reigned
What is a lament?
a passionate expression of grief or sorrow -poem, song, statement -more laments in psalms then the other two genres
What is the book of Job about?
examines the mystery of why innocent people suffer
Did the Israelites obey the initial Herem command?
no, Joshua 23:12-13
What does "Psalms" mean?
praises