Christianity

What are the Beatitudes?

A series of statements about supreme happiness

Other than Martin Luther, who else was a major reformer who split with rome?

Ulrich Zwingli

What happened to the Gnostic gospels?

When the New Testament was translated into latin, the gnostic gospels ware not included. Possession of these texts were considered a crime against Church law

What is the story of Annunciation?

Where an angel told Mary that she would have a child conceived by the Holy Spirit

What is transubstantiation?

Where ordinary bread and wine are transformed into the body and blood of christ during the eeucharist

What does 'gospels' mean?

good news

What is justification?

grace of God in spite of sin

What is Gnosticism based on?

the mystical perception of knowledge. The gnostics held that only spiritually mature individuals could apprehend Jesus' real teaching: that the Kingdom of Heaven is a present reality experienced through personal realization of the Light.

What is another name for the Bishop of Rome?

the pope

what is liturgy?

the ritual of public worship

Which side professes that the holy spirit comes from the father and from the son, the eastern or western church?

the western church

What happened in the western sees?

they became more centralized in the roman pope

What happened in the eastern sees?

they did not recognize the Roman pope's claim to universal authority over the church

What is confirmation?

when a group of early adolescences in Roman Catholicism and Protestantism are allowed to make a conscious and personal commitment to the Christian life

A story to remember Pentecost

At a meeting of the disciples, something that sounded like a great wind came down from the sky, and what looked like tongues of fire swirled around to touch each one's head. The narrative states that they all began speaking in different languages, so that all who listened could understand in their own language. Some mocked them but Peter declared that they had been filled with the Spirit of God.

What are dogmas?

Authoritative truths

What is the state religion of Scotland?

Calvinism

Who was shown a vision of a cross just before battle and then was eventually baptized christian before his death?

Constantine

What does 'Jesus' mean?

God Saves

What was the name of the hill that Jesus was taken to die on during his crusifixion?

Golgotha (Place of the Skull)

What are the first four books of the New Testament called?

Gospels

Who was a monk, priest, and professor of biblical studies at the university of wittenberg?

Martin Luther

In what group of christianity do you see a veneration of icons?

Orthodox Christianity

What are Relics?

Parts of the body or clothes of saints that are felt to radiate the holiness of the saints' communion with god

Who was a major organizer and apostle that wrote letters in 50 to 60 ce?

Paul

According to Acts, what event forced early christians into action?

Pentecost

What gospel is very different from the other three?

The Gospel of John

What is Eucharist also known as?

The Lord's Supper, Holy Communion, or Mass

Which church did Martin Luther's theology take him further and further away from?

The Roman Catholic Church

What did the protestant reform provoke in the Roman Catholic Church?

The council of trent

Which side professes that the holy spirit comes from only the father?

the eastern church

What speaks of three equal 'persons'

the holy trinity

Between what years is it thought that Jesus died?

27 and 33 ce.

In what year was Christianity named the official religion of the Roman Empire?

380 ce.

Around what time did a shift happen in the christian faith that changed the monastic life from solitary, unguided practice to formal spiritual supervision?

4 century

How many sacraments to the roman catholic and eastern orthodox church observe?

7 secraments

What is liberation theology?

A faith that stresses the need for concrete political action to help the poor

What were the desert fathers and mothers?

A group of Christians that practiced ascetiscism in caves found in the desert.They prated humility, submission, and sharing of food.

What are passion narratives?

All four gospels describe Jesus' sufferings during his betrayal, trial, and execution by crucifixion.

What church believes many of the Roman Catholic rituals but rejects the authority of the Roman Catholic Pope and instead refers to the Archbishop of Canterbury and allows priests to marry

Anglicanism

What does 'christ' mean in Greek?

Anointed one

What is the yearly cycle of festivals called in the christian church?

the liturgical year

what are the three equal persons in the holy trinity?

Father, son, and holy spirit.

Who was 'the disciple that Jesus loved?

John

Who argued that human actions are of no eternal significance because God has already decided the destiny of each person?

John Calvin

Who sold information that lead to the arrest of Jesus?

Judas

What were the two halves of the christian world divided by?

Language- latin in the west, and greek in the east

What is christmas?

the celebration of Jesus' birth on earth as the incarnation of God

What are the synoptic gospels?

Matthew, Mark, and Luke

What is the most known creed that is still the basic profession of faith for many Christian denominations in both East and West, including all Orthodox churches?

Nicene Creed

What are Gentiles?

Non-Jews

What are four practices that Ulrich Zwingli rejected because they are not mentioned in the Bible?

Not eating meat during lent, veneration of relics and saints, religious pilgrimages, and celibacy for monks and priests.

How many sacraments did Martin Luther believe in?

Only two, baptism and eucharist

Under John's Gospel, who were Jesus' first disciples?

Peter, Andrew, James, and John

What three Jewish groups regarded Jesus with suspicion?

Pharisees (shapers of rabbinic Judaism), Sadducees (temple priests and upper class), and Scribes

Who promoted the discipline of the western ideal that priests should be celibate in order to concentrate on piety and ministry without family obligations?

Pope Gregory 1

What are two reformed churches that sprang from Calvinism?

Presbyterianism and Congregationalism

What branch of Christianity did Martin Luther and Ulrich Zwingli help create on the basis of freedom in scriptural interpretation?

Protestantism

What three churches believe in Veneration of saints and angels?

Roman Catholics, Orthodox, and Anglican Christians

Who was a son of a merchant that underwent a radical spiritual transformation and traded his fine clothes for simple garb and 'left the world' for a life of total poverty. Jesus spoke to him from the cross and stated 'repair my church'.

Saint Francis of Assisi

What happened to Saul?

Saul heard the voice of Jesus. After, he was transformed and baptized. He began promoting the Christian message under the new name Paul.

Who was Saul?

Saul was a pharisee tentmaker that lived during the time of Jesus but never met him

What do Matthew's stories emphasize ?

That Gentiles accept Jesus, whereas the Jew accept him as savior

What church does mount ethos belong to?

The eastern orthodox church

What is Purgatory?

The intermediate place of purifying suffering for those who died in a state of grace but who were not yet sufficiently stainless to enter heaven

What is an 'apostle'?

a missionary

what is a sacrament?

a sacred rite

In the eastern orthodox church, any change that will affect all the churches is decided by what?

a synod

What is Christology?

an attempt to define the nature of Jesus and his relationship to god

what is unction?

anointing of the sick with oil, especially before death

When did Jesus return to Jerusalem

at Passover

what are the seven sacraments that the roman catholic and eastern orthodox church observe?

baptism, eucharist, penance, extreme unction, holy orders, and matrimony

what is penance?

confession and absolution of sins

What could one get to gain the merit accumulated in the church to decrease time in purgatory?

indulgences

When did a shift happen that made a split in the christian world?

late in the third century

What does Epiphany mean?

manifestation

what are four examples of good works in the Roman Catholic Church today?

mercy, veneration of the saints, relics and sacred images, and participation in the sacraments

What can the word 'sacrament' be translated into?

mystery

Can women be ordained as priests or serve in hierarchal capacities in orthodox spirituality?

no

Did Martin Luther think that the Bible supported catholic teachings of the pope, bishops, priests, and monks?

no

In general, how many sacraments do protestant churches recognize?

only two, eucharist and baptism

What are denominations?

organized groups of congregations

What branch typically 'speaks in tounge'

pentecostalism

What does 'Messiah' mean?

perfected, or enlightened one

What are creeds?

professions of faith that were composed for use in religious instruction and baptism, to define who Jesus was and his relationship to God, and to provide clear stands in the face of various controversies.

What does 'synoptic' mean

seen together

What did the nicene creed say about their christology?

that jesus is of two natures, perfectly divine and also perfectly human

What does one who follows Unitarianism believe in?

that original sin, the trinity, and jesus' divinity are rejected in favor of simple theism and imitation of Jesus

What did Martin Luther emphasize?

that salvation from sin comes from faith in God, which itself comes from God, by grace. The gift of faith brings justification.

what did the council of trent reiterate in the roman catholic church?

that salvation requires good works

What is the central component in a christian's life under evangelicalism?

the "born-again" experience

What did Jesus' Resurrection and Ascension give rise to?

the Christian belief in life after death for those who believe in God

What is ecumenism?

the believe that the holy spirit is in all christian churches, including protestant denominations and eastern orthodox churches.