chronic 2800 exam 4

Which of the following is a term used to describe the process by which a new blood supply is formed?

Angiogenesis is the process by which a new blood supply is formed. Apoptosis is the innate cellular process of programmed cell death. Mitosis is the phase of the cell cycle in which cell division occurs. Carcinogenesis is the process by which cancer arises.

Which of the following would be inconsistent as a common side effect of chemotherapy? Myelosuppression Alopecia Fatigue Weight gain

Weight gain

The nurse is caring for a client undergoing an incisional biopsy. Which statement does the nurse understand to be true about an incisional biopsy?

It removes a wedge of tissue for diagnosis.

In which phase of the cell cycle does cell division occur?

Mitosis

The nursing instructor is discussing the diagnosis of cancer with their nursing class. The instructor tells her students that scientists have predicted that gene therapy will one day play a large role in the prediction, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. What cancer is gene therapy currently being investigated in the treatment of?

Scientists predict that gene therapy will play a significant role in the future prediction, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. It is currently being investigated in the treatment of brain tumors, melanoma, and renal, breast, ovarian, lung, and colon cancers.

The clinic nurse is caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with a tumor. The client says to the nurse "The doctor says my tumor is benign. What does that mean?" What is the nurse's best response?

"Benign tumors don't usually cause death."

Which statement by a client undergoing external radiation therapy indicates the need for further teaching?a) "I'll not use my heating pad during my treatment."b) "I'll wear protective clothing when outside."c) "I'll wash my skin with mild soap and water only."d) "I'm worried I'll expose my family members to radiation."

"I'm worried I'll expose my family members to radiation.

nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy. Which nursing action is most appropriate for handling chemotherapeutic agents?

A nurse must wear disposable gloves and protective clothing to prevent skin contact with chemotherapeutic agents.

The nurse is conducting a screening for familial predisposition to cancer. Which element should the nurse note as a possible indication of hereditary cancer syndrome? Onset of cancer after age 50 in family member A first cousin diagnosed with cancer An aunt and uncle diagnosed with cancer A second cousin diagnosed with cancer

An aunt and uncle diagnosed with cancer

The nurse is providing client teaching for a client undergoing chemotherapy. What dietary modifications should the nurse advise? Eat wholesome meals. Avoid spicy and fatty foods. Eat warm or hot foods. Avoid intake of fluids.

Avoid spicy and fatty foods.

A client receiving external radiation to the left thorax to treat lung cancer has a nursing diagnosis of Risk for impaired skin integrity. Which intervention should be part of this client's care plan?a) Wearing a lead apron during direct contact with the clientb) Avoiding using soap on the irradiated areasc) Removing thoracic skin markings after each radiation treatmentd) Applying talcum powder to the irradiated areas daily after bathing

Avoiding using soap on the irradiated areas Explanation:Because external radiation commonly causes skin irritation, the nurse should wash the irradiated area with water only and leave the area open to air. No soaps, deodorants, lotions, or powders should be applied. A lead apron is unnecessary because no radiation source is present in the client's body or room. Skin in the area to be irradiated is marked to position the radiation beam as precisely as possible; skin markings must not be removed

Which primary cancer treatment goal is prolonged survival and containment of cancer cell growth?

Control

Which of the following is a type of procedure that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze tissue and cause cell destruction? Cryosurgery Electrosurgery Chemosurgery Laser surgery

Cryosurgery

A patient will be having an endoscopic procedure with a diagnostic biopsy. What type of biopsy does the nurse explain will remove an entire piece of suspicious tissue? Punch biopsy Incisional biopsy Needle biopsy Excisional biopsy

Excisional biopsy

A patient with uterine cancer is being treated with intracavitary radiation. The patient will emit radiation while the implant is in place. The nurse is aware of the precautions necessary for the provider of care and visitors. Which of the following are appropriate guidelines to follow? Select all that apply. Visitors may stay for 30 minutes or less. Family members should stand about 6 feet from the patient. Lead aprons should be worn to buffer the exposure. The nurse can provide direct care for up to 60 minutes per 8-hour shift.

Family members should stand about 6 feet from the patient. Lead aprons should be worn to buffer the exposure. Visitors may stay for 30 minutes or less.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a malignant tumor? It demonstrates cells that are well differentiated. It is usually slow growing. It gains access to the blood and lymphatic channels. It grows by expansion.

It gains access to the blood and lymphatic channels.

The nurse performs a breast exam on a client and finds a firm, non-moveable lump in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast that the client reports was not there 3 weeks ago. What does this finding suggest? Malignant tumor Normal finding Benign fibrocystic disease Malignant tumor with metastasis to surrounding tissue

Malignant tumor

During which step of cellular carcinogenesis do cellular changes exhibit increased malignant behavior?

Progression is the third step of carcinogenesis, in which cells show a propensity to invade adjacent tissues and metastasize. During promotion, repeated exposure to promoting agents causes the expression of abnormal genetic information, even after long latency periods. During initiation, initiators such as chemicals, physical factors, and biologic agents escape normal enzymatic mechanisms and alter the genetic structure of cellular DNA. No stage of cellular carcinogenesis is termed prolongation.

The physician is attending to a 72-year-old client with a malignant brain tumor. The physician recommends immediate radiation therapy. What is a reason for the physician's recommendation? You Selected:

Radiation therapy helps prevent cellular growth. It may be used to cure the cancer or to control malignancy when the tumor cannot be removed or when lymph node involvement is present; also, it can be used prophylactically to prevent spread. Biopsy is used to analyze lymph nodes or to destroy the surrounding tissues around the tumor.

A client with a brain tumor is undergoing radiation and chemotherapy for treatment of cancer. The client has recently reported swelling in the gums, tongue, and lips. Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms? Neutropenia Stomatitis Nadir Extravasation

Stomatitis *usually occurs within 5-10 days after administration of certain chemo/radiation agents therapy to head/neck

What should the nurse tell a client who is about to begin chemotherapy and is anxious about hair loss? The client should consider getting a wig or cap prior to beginning treatment. The hair will grow back the same as it was before treatment. Alopecia related to chemotherapy is relatively uncommon. The hair will grow back within 2 months post therapy.

The client should consider getting a wig or cap prior to beginning treatment.

The client is diagnosed with a benign brain tumor. Which of the following features of a benign tumor is of most concern to the nurse? Random, rapid growth of the tumor Tumor pressure against normal tissues Cells colonizing to distant body parts Emission of abnormal proteins

Tumor pressure against normal tissues

What is the best way for the nurse to assess the nutritional status of a patient with cancer?

Weigh the patient daily.

The root cause of cancer is damage to cellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which can be caused by many factors, or carcinogens. What factors can be carcinogenic? Select all that apply. dietary substances gender age viruses environmental factors

dietary substances environmental factors viruses

The nurse is evaluating the client's risk for cancer. What lifestyle change should the nurse recommend? eats red meat such as steaks or hamburgers every day uses the treadmill for 30 minutes on 5 days each week drinks one glass of wine at dinner each night works as a secretary at a medical radiation treatment center

eats red meat such as steaks or hamburgers every day

A patient, age 67 years, is admitted for diagnostic studies to rule out cancer. The patient is Caucasian, married, has been employed as a landscaper for 40 years, and has a 36-year history of smoking a pack of cigarettes daily. What significant risk factors does the nurse recognize this patient has? (Select all that apply.) Marital status Cigarette smoking Age Occupation Race

a. age b. cigarette smoking c. occupation

The nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for chemotherapy. Which is the best statement the nurse can make about the client experiencing chemotherapy-induced alopecia? "Clients with alopecia will have delay in grey hair." "New hair growth will return without any change to color or texture." "The hair loss is usually temporary." "Wigs can be used after the chemotherapy is completed."

"Wigs can be used after the chemotherapy is completed."

The nurse is providing client teaching for a client undergoing chemotherapy. What dietary modifications should the nurse advise?

Avoid spicy and fatty foods. The nurse advises a client undergoing chemotherapy to avoid hot and very cold liquids and spicy and fatty foods. The nurse also encourages the client to have small meals and appropriate fluid intake.