Circulatory ch13

Abbreviation for cardiopulmonary resuscitation?

CPR.

The ? function as exchange vessels.

Capillaries

Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are?

Capillaries.

Which one of the following vessel's walls are made up entirely of endothelial cells?

Capillary

Carries blood to the venules?

Capillary.

The heart has its own special covering, a lining of two layers of fibrous tissue called the?

pericardium.

The condition in which the number of red blood cells increases beyond normal and thus increases blood viscosity is called?

polycythemia.

Blood pressure is measured with the aid of an apparatus known as a(n)?

sphygmomanometer.

Cardiac output is determined by?

stroke volume and heart rate.

Which blood vessels return venous blood to the right atrium?

superior and inferior venae cavae.

The outermost layer of the larger blood vessels is the?

tunica adventitia.

The average cardiac output in a normal, resting adult is ? liters.

5

Waves on a normal ECG?

P, QRS, T.

SA node?

Pacemaker.

What system of the ANS decreases the heart rate?

Parasympathetic

What covering does the heart have? What is the hearts lining called?

1) pericardium covers ( visceral &parietal ) 2) endocardium lines the heart.

Severe chest pain?

Angina pectoris.

What is the term used to describe the severe chest pain that occurs when the myocardium is deprived of oxygen?

Angina.

What are the two main types of blood vessels in the body? How are they different?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart. veins carry blood to the heart.

Tiny artery?

Arteriole.

Carries blood away from the heart?

Artery.

Upper chamber of the heart?

Artium.

What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?

Atria

What are the functions of the atria and ventricles of the heart?

Atria are the receiving chambers of the heart; ventricles are discharging chambers.

The two AV valves are known as what?

Bicuspid (mitral) and tricuspid.

If a person bleeds excessively, what effect would that have on cardiac output?

Bleeding may reduce total blood volume, which decreases stroke volume and thus decreases cardiac output. ( Decrease in, decrease out. )

Thrombus?

Blood clot

Name four factors that influence blood pressure?

Blood volume, strength of heart contracts, heart rate, (thickness) viscosity of blood.

Apex?

Blunt - pointed lower edge of the heart.

Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart

Capillaries

Carry blood into venules

Veins

Carry blood to the heart

Systemic?

Circulation from left ventricle throughout body.

The strength of myocardial ? helps determine stroke volume.

Contraction

Pericardium?

Covering of heart.

If a persons' heart increases, what may happen to the cardiac output?

Depends on how high it goes. Too high = Decreased CO.

Ventricles?

Discharging chambers.

The structure used to connect the aorta and pulmonary artery in fetal circulation is the:

Ductus arteriosus.

The structure used to connect the aorta and pulmonary artery in fetal circulation?

Ductus arteriosus.

A graphic record of the heart's electrical activity is a(n)?

ECG.

Depolarization?

Electrical activity associated with ECG

An occlusion of a coronary artery is known as a what?

Embolism or thrombosis.

Inflammation of the heart is referred to as what?

Endocarditis.

Inflammation of the heart?

Endocarditis.

Inner layer pericardium?

Epicardium.

What are capillaries? What is their role in the body?

Exchange vessels are microscopic, one wall ( tunica intima ) which allows substances to pass through quickly.

What info is in an electrocardiogram?

Graphic recording of the hearts electrical activity.

What are two main factors that affect cardiac output?

Heart rate and stroke volume.

Unique blood circulation through the liver?

Hepatic portal.

The ? Venous return, the higher stroke volume.

Higher

The following is not an artery but a vein

Inferior vena cava

What divides the heart into right and key sides between the atria?

Interatrail septum.

During pregnancy, what happens to the oxygenated blood returned from the placenta via the umbilical vein?

It flows into the inferior vena cava.

The outer layer of the pericardium is called the?

Parietal pericardium.

Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by one atrium ?

Per minute

Aorta

Largest artery

Superior vena cava

Largest vein

The aorta carries blood or if the:

Left ventricle

The aorta carries blood out of which chamber?

Left ventricle.

Bicuspid valve?

Mitral valve.

When heart muscle cells are deprived of oxygen and become damaged or die?

Myocardial infarction.

Muscular layer of the heart?

Myocardium.

The cardiac muscle tissue is referred to as the ?

Myocardium.

The wall of each chamber is composed of cardiac muscle tissue usually referred to as the?

Myocardium.

Does a person's blood pressure still the same all the time?

No it fluctuates.

Tunica externa

Outermost layer of arteries and veins

Conduction pathways?

P, QRS, T waves.

The normal ECG is composed of the following waves?

P, QRS, T.

What are two major "circulations" of the body?

Pulmonary & systemic circulation.

What involves the movement of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

Pulmonary circulatory.

Blood returns from the lungs during pulmonary circulation via the:

Pulmonary veins

Heart rate?

Pulse.

Atria?

Receiving chambers.

What begins just before the relaxation phase of cardiac muscle activity noted on an ECG?

Repolarization.

The superior vena cava returns blood to the:

Right atrium

The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the?

SA Node.

The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the?

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers.

Pulmonary?

Semilunar valve.

The foramen oval serves the fetal circulation by?

Shunting blood from the right atrium directly

What structure is the natural "pacemaker" of the heart?

Sinoatrial node.

Known as the pacemaker of the heart?

Sinoatrial?

Heart block?

Slow heart rate caused by blocker impulses

Precapillary sphincters

Smooth muscle cells that guard entrance to capillaries.

Coronary arteries?

Supplies oxygen to heart muscle.

Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels to all parts of the body and back to the heart is called?

Systemic circulation.

What are systole and diastole of the heart?

Systole contracts ventricle. Diastole relaxes the atria and ventricles.

Contraction of the heart?

Systole.

What are the places on your body that you can likely feel your pulse?

Temporal artery, carotid artery, brachial artery, radial artery, femoral artery, popliteal artery, dorsalis pedis.

Cam you describe the three major layers of a large blood vessel?

Tunica externa, outer layer, connective tissue fibers. Tunica media, middle layer, smooth muscle tissue (recoil & not burst ). Tunica intima, Lions arteries and veins, endothelial cells.

The ? is made of smooth muscle.

Tunica media

Structures that separate the chambers and permit the flow of blood in one direction only are called?

Valves.

Carries blood top the heart?

Vein.

Semilunar valves can be found in which blood vessel?

Vein.

Which of the following has valves to assist the blood flow?

Veins

Which of the following has valves to assist the blood flow?

Veins.

What are the two lower chambers of the heart called?

Ventricles

Lower chambers of the heart?

Ventricles.

Epicardium

Visceral pericardium.

How does the blood pressure gradient explain blood flow?

When blood pressure gradient is present blood circulates. When gradient is not present blood does not circulate.

What is a heart block?

When impulses are blocked from getting through to the ventricles, resulting in the ventricles beating at a much lower rate than normal, the condition is referred to as a heart block.