CIS 205 Ch 6 Exam Notes

What occurs when the user goes into an emotional state of over analyzing (or over-thinking) a situation so that a decision or action is never taken, in effect paralyzing the outcome?

Analysis paralysis

What are the data elements associated with an entity?

Attributes

What is a type of distributed ledger, consisting of blocks of data that maintain a permanent and tamper-proof record of transactional data?

Blockchain

What enforces business rules vital to an organization's success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints?

Business-critical integrity constraints

_________ monitoring occurs when a company keeps tabs of competitor's activities on the web using software that automatically tracks all competitor website activities such as discounts and new products.

Competitive

What is the collection of data from various sources for the purpose of data processing?

Data aggregation

What is a process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete data?

Data cleansing

What compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model?

Data dictionary

Select a term that is a synonym for data element, the smallest or basic unit of data in a database.

Data field

What refers to the extent of detail within the data?

Data granularity

What is a measure of the quality of data?

Data integrity

What occurs when a system produces incorrect, inconsistent, or duplicate data?

Data integrity issues

What is a storage repository that holds a vast amount of raw data in its original format until the business needs it?

Data lake

What is a technique for establishing a match, or balance, between the source data and the target data warehouse?

Data map

What contains a subset of data warehouse data?

Data mart

What are logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures?

Data models

What is an individual item on a graph or a chart?

Data point

What is the duplication of data, or the storage of the same data in multiple places?

Data redundancy

Select the statement that accurately describes a situation in which there is too much data to properly understand or make use of it.

Data rich and information poor

What is the management and oversight of an organization's data assets to help provide business users with high-quality data that is easily accessible in a consistent manner?

Data stewardship

What includes the tests and evaluations used to determine compliance with data governance polices to ensure correctness of data?

Data validation

What is a logical collection of data, gathered from many different operational databases, that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks?

Data warehouse

What creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security?

Database management system

What is erroneous or flawed data?

Dirty data

_________ computing processes and manages algorithms across many machines in a computing environment.

Distributed

Which data element stores a single piece of data about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event?

Entity

What is a process that extracts data from internal and external databases, transforms it using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads it into a data warehouse?

Extraction, transformation, and loading

What is a primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables?

Foreign key

What is the first block created in the blockchain?

Genesis block

What is a function that converts an input of letters and numbers into an encrypted output of a fixed length?

Hash

What simply means unchangeable?

Immutable

_________ present the results of data analysis, displaying the patterns, relationships, and trends in a graphical format.

Infographics

What are rules that help ensure the quality of data?

Integrity constraints

What focuses on how individual users logically access data to meet their own particular business needs?

Logical view of data

_________ data management is the practice of gathering data and ensuring that it is uniform, accurate, consistent, and complete, including such entities as customers, suppliers, products, sales, employees, and other critical entities that are commonly integrated across organizational systems.

Master

___________ provides details about data.

Metadata

What deals with the physical storage of data on a storage device?

Physical view of data

What is a field that uniquely identifies a given record in a table?

Primary key

Which tool helps users graphically design the answer to a question against a database?

Query-by-example

_______ data is data that has not been processed for use.

Raw

Which system provides real-time data in response to requests?

Real-time

What means immediate, up-to-date data?

Real-time data

What stores data in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables?

Relational database model

Which of the following are rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based constraints, such as not creating an order for a nonexistent customer?

Relational integrity constraints

_____ data identifies the primary location where data is collected.

Source

Why does a database offer increased information security?

Various security features of databases ensure that individuals have only certain types of access to certain types of data.

When do data integrity issues occur?

When a system produces incorrect, inconsistent, or duplicate data.

Select the statement below that accurately reflects a database.

While a database has only one physical view, it can easily support multiple logical views that provides for flexibility.

A data _________ is a business analytics specialist who uses visual tools to help people understand complex data.

artist

A(n) _________ rule defines how a company performs certain aspects of its business and typically results in either a yes/no or true/false answer.

business

The problem of being data rich and information poor results from an inability to turn business data into ______.

business intelligence

A(n) ______ can compare two or more datasets to identify patterns and trends.

comparative analysis

Integrity __________ are rules that help ensure the quality of data.

constraints

A data _______ is the common term for the representation of multidimensional data.

cube

Business intelligence ________ track corporate metrics such as critical success factors and key performance indicators and include advanced capabilities such as interactive controls allowing users to manipulate data for analysis.

dashboards

A(n) _________ maintains data about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses).

database

Data-driven _______ management is an approach to business governance that values decisions that can be backed up with verifiable data.

decision

A data ________ analysis occurs when a company examines its data to determine if it can meet business expectations, while identifying possible data gaps or where missing data might exist.

gap

Data ___________ refers to the overall management of the availability, usability, integrity, and security of company data.

governance

Data ___________ refers to the extent of detail within the data (fine and detailed or coarse and abstract).

granularity

Data ___________ occurs when the same data element has different values.

inconsistency

Data ________ is the time it takes for data to be stored or retrieved.

latency

A _______ records classified and summarized transactional data

ledger

Identity ____________ is a broad administrative area that deals with identifying individuals in a system and controlling their access to resources within that system by associating user rights and restrictions with the established identity.

management

One primary goal of a database is to eliminate data redundancy by recording each piece of data in _______ place(s) in the database.

only one

Many firms complete data ___________ audits to determine the accuracy and completeness of its data.

quality

A(n) _________ is a collection of related data elements.

record

A(n) ___________ database model stores data in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables.

relational

Proof-of-______ is a way to validate transactions and achieve the distributed consensus.

stake

A(n) __________ query language asks users to write lines of code to answer questions against a database.

structured

Data __________ tools move beyond Excel graphs and charts into sophisticated analysis techniques such as pie charts, controls, instruments, maps, time-series graphs, and more.

visualization

Proof-of-_________ is a requirement to define an expensive computer calculation, also called mining, that needs to be performed in order to create a new group of trustless transactions on the distributed ledger or blockchain.

work