CIS 330 Net 3 The OSI Model & the TCP Protocol Suite

logical or virtual

"Peer layers" describes __________________________ communication between the same layer on both the sending and receiving computers.

protocol stack (or protocol suite)

A __________________________ is a set of protocols that works together cooperatively to achieve maximum performance on the network. An example is TCP/IP.

stateful

A __________________________ process or device is concerned about every detail or state of the data or activity. A host is an example.

stateless

A process or device that participates in managing data (or some other activity) without being concerned about all the details of the activity is said to be __________________________. A router is an example.

PDUs

Data is broken into packets or payloads, called __________________________, as it moves down the stack.

network security

IEEE 802.10 is the engineering standard for __________________________.

wireless networks

IEEE 802.11 is the engineering standard for __________________________.

cable modems

IEEE 802.14 is the engineering standard for __________________________.

wireless Personal Area Networks

IEEE 802.15 is the engineering standard for __________________________.

wireless Metropolitan Area Networks

IEEE 802.16 is the engineering standard for __________________________.

Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

List the seven layers of the OSI Reference Model.

True

T/F. A PDU is a self-contained data structure from one layer to another. At the sending end, each layer adds special formatting or addressing to the PDU, called a header. Adding information to the PDU is called encapsulation. At the receiving end, each layer reads the packet and strips off information added (called de-encapsulation) by the corresponding layer at the sending end.

True

T/F. A computer must have a protocol stack to access a network.

True

T/F. All layers of the OSI model handle general network access, flow control and error recovery.

True

T/F. As data travels through layers of the OSI model, each layer adds its own header or trailer information to the packet. As the receiving computer processes the packet, each layer strips its header/trailer information and properly resequences segmented messages. When the application receives the data, the packet is in its original form.

True

T/F. Computers save IP-to-MAC address mappings in cache memory to cut down on the number of broadcasts.

True

T/F. Each layer of the OSI model has its own set of well-defined functions. Each layer can communicate and interact only with the layers immediately above and below that layer. Each layer shields the higher layer from the details of how its services are implemented. Each layer puts an electronic envelope around data as it sends it down layers or removes it as it travels up layers for delivery.

True

T/F. Each protocol in a protocol suite performs a specific function and has its own rules.

True

T/F. IEEE specifications expanded the OSI reference model at the Physical and Data Link layers.

True

T/F. In the packet structure, the packet header contains the source address and the destination address along with clocking information to synchronize transmission. The packet trailer contains the information to verify packet's contents, such as Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

True

T/F. NIC + Device Drivers + Protocols = network access

True

T/F. PDU stands for protocol data unit, packet data unit or payload data unit.

True

T/F. Packets provide more reliable data delivery and ease network traffic.

True

T/F. The OSI Reference model breaks networking communications into a series of interconnected tasks and activities (layers). It creates a method to solve big problems by breaking them down into a series of smaller problems with individual solutions.

True

T/F. The OSI reference model provides a universally accepted reference illustrating how data is transmitted on a network or between two or more networked devices.

True

T/F. The data frame is the basic unit of network traffic on the wire.

True

T/F. To communicate, computers on a network must agree on the same protocol stack.

Logical Link Control (LLC) Media Access Control (MAC)

The IEEE standard breaks the Data Link layer of the OSI model into two sublayers. Name them.

frame

The PDU at the Data Link layer is referred to as a __________________________.

packet

The PDU at the Network layer is referred to as a __________________________.

Application Program Interface (API)

The __________________________ is the method used by an application program to call the OS or another application to perform a utility task.

Data Link

The __________________________ layer of the OSI model acknowledges data frames and error checking. The MAC address (or physical address) is used here. The Media Access Control (MAC) sub layer of this layer contains the NIC device drivers. It manages access to the networking medium.

Session

The __________________________ layer of the OSI model allows two applications on different computers to open, use and close connections. This layer provides synchronization services between tasks on both ends of a connection.

Transport

The __________________________ layer of the OSI model ensures accurate delivery of data. It solves transmission problems and provides error-free reassembly of the data.

Network

The __________________________ layer of the OSI model handles addressing messages for delivery. This layer translates logical network addresses and names into their physical counterparts. It determines the best route based on network conditions and handles the transfer of data on these routes.

Presentation

The __________________________ layer of the OSI model handles data formatting. This layer controls the encryption & decryption of data. It also handles the compression & decompression of data.

Application

The __________________________ layer of the OSI model provides interfaces which permit applications to request and receive network services.

Physical

The __________________________ layer of the OSI model transmits and receives signals. It manages the computer's interface to the network medium. It specifies the specific details of the cables, network adapters and connectors.

OSI (Open System Interconnect)v

The __________________________ model was proposed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) and is widely used. It supplies important network terminology.

TCP/IP

The __________________________ protocol suite is the one that is most commonly used. It provides the basis for the global Internet. It enables easy communications across platforms. It is the default protocol in Windows 8/7/XP, UNIX/Linux and Mac OS X.

Media Access Control (MAC)

The __________________________ sublayer of the Data Link layer communicates with the NIC to read physical addresses on the network.

Logical Link Control (LLC)

The __________________________ sublayer of the Data Link layer defines logical interface points, called Service Access Points (SAPs) that transfer information from this sublayer to upper OSI layers. It also includes error detection and recovery.

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

__________________________ ,which is a Network layer TCP/IP protocol, notifies the sender that something has gone wrong in the transmission process and that packets were not delivered. It has no error control. It simply reports which networks are unreachable or which packets were discarded because the TTL (Time to Live) expired.

protocols

__________________________ are the rules and procedures for computers to communicate with each other.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

__________________________ is a connection-oriented Transport Layer protocol. It provides reliable data delivery services in the TCP/IP environment.

User Diagram Protocol (UDP)

__________________________ is a connectionless Transport layer protocol which offers no assurance that the packets will be received in the correct order or for that matter that the packets will be received at all. It offers no error checking or sequence numbering. It is more efficient than TCP. It is used for live audio/video over the Internet in a TCP/IP protocol suite.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

__________________________ is an Application layer protocol that is responsible for moving messages from one e-mail server to another in the TCP/IP protocol suite.

Telnet

__________________________ is an Application layer protocol that is used to log on to remote hosts in the TCP/IP protocol suite.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

__________________________ is an Application layer protocol that is used to send and receive files in the TCP/IP protocol suite.

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

__________________________ is an Application layer protocol that manages devices on a TCP/IP network.

IEEE 802

__________________________ is an influential set of networking standards and/or specifications. It encompasses most types of networking and is open-ended which allows the addition of new types of networks.

Internet Protocol (IP)

__________________________ is an unreliable, connectionless Network Layer protocol. It provides information about how and where data should be delivered. IP is responsible for the logical addressing and routing of the packet in the TCP/IP environment.

IEEE 802

__________________________ networking specifications define a set of LAN standards to ensure that network interfaces and cabling from multiple manufacturers would be compatible. It describes the physical elements of a network and how NICs may access and transfer data across a variety of networking media. It describes what is involved in attaching, managing and detaching devices in a networked environment.

nonroutable

__________________________ protocols do not include network layer information and thus can't use a router.

connection-oriented

__________________________ protocols establish a formal connection between two computers, guaranteeing the data will reach its destination. They are slower and more reliable.

routable

__________________________ protocols include the network layer information and can be forwarded by a router.

connectionless

__________________________ protocols send data across the network to its destination without guaranteeing receipt. They are fast and require little overhead.

Protocols

__________________________ provide the software that enables computers to communicate across a network.

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

__________________________, which is a Network layer TCP/IP protocol, obtains the MAC address of a host and then creates a local database mapping the MAC address to the host's IP address. It asks the question "Will the computer with the IP address, W.X.Y.Z, please send me its MAC address?"