CIS 420 Exam 2

The main technique used in creating a WBS is _____, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces.

decomposition

A(n) _____ is any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements.

defect

In project time management, the main goal of _____ is to ensure that the project team has complete understanding of all the work they must do as part of the project scope so they can start scheduling the work.

defining activities

If the cost estimate for a project is a basis for contract awards and performance reporting, it should be a(n) _________ estimate and as accurate as possible,

definitive

Newtech Inc. hires John for the position of a software programmer to work on their new project. Salary paid to John by Newtech Inc. would be an example of _____ costs.

direct

Performing quality assurance is a subprocess of the _____ process of project quality management.

executing

AOA network diagrams use only _____ dependencies.

finish-to-start

The critical path is the _____ path through a network diagram, and it represents the _____ amount of slack or float.

longest; shortest

A(n) _____ on a project is a significant event that normally has no duration.

milestone

The _____ technique for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks.

mind mapping

Indirect costs are:

not directly related to the products or services of a project.

Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with the _____ process in project scope management.

planning

The first process involved in project time management is __________

planning schedule management

The _____ process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling.

quality control

A(n) _____ is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed.

requirements traceability matrix

The _____ should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project.

scope statement

Scope creep refers to:

the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.

Scope refers to:

the work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them.

The first step in project cost management is:

to plan how costs will be managed.

Analogous estimates are also known as ________ estimates.

top-down

The _____ approach for constructing a WBS involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail.

top-down

The _______ approach for constructing a WBS starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them into subordinate items.

top-down

A(n) ____ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS.

work package

Which of the following is recommended for the creation of a good WBS?

A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.

Which of the following is a difference between an activity list and an activity attribute?

An activity attribute provides more schedule-related information about each activity than an activity list.

_____ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes.

CMMI

_____ is a method for determining the estimated annual costs and benefits for a project.

Cash flow analysis

_____ involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them.

Collecting requirements

_____ means the project's processes and products meet written specifications.

Conformance to requirements

Which of the following is an output of the process of controlling costs?

Cost Forecasts

_____ wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects.

Crosby

Projects that use Six Sigma principles for quality control normally follow a five-phase improvement process called _____.

DMAIC

In project time management, which of the following processes generate the main outputs of an activity list, activity attributes, and a milestone list?

Defining activities

Which of the following processes in project time management involves identifying the specific tasks that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables?

Defining activities

_____ involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved.

Defining scope

_____ is a technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process.

Design of experiments

Soles is a footwear company which has recently set up its store in Ambrosia. To manufacture its products, Soles incurs a range of different costs. Which of the following would be an example of an indirect cost?

Electricity used to run its locations

In project time management, which of the following processes involve calculating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual activities?

Estimating activity durations

Which of the following dependencies involve relationships between project and non-project activities?

External

_____ is a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer.

External failure cost

_____ are the system's special characteristics that appeal to users.

Features

__________ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function

Functionality

Which of the following is true of earned value?

It is an estimate of the value of the physical work actually completed.

Which of the following reserves allows for future situations that are unpredictable?

Management reserves

Which of the following types of dependencies are inherent in the nature of work being performed on a project?

Mandatory

A ____ is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population (the data being analyzed).

Normal distribution

A difference between the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and critical path method (CPM) is that:

PERT uses different duration estimates whereas CPM uses one specific duration estimate.

_____ states that work expands to fill the time allowed.

Parkinson's Law

_____ correct(s) or prevent(s) further quality problems based on quality control measurements.

Process adjustments

_____ includes the processes required to ensure that a project team completes a project within an approved budget.

Project cost management

Which of the following is one of the main outputs of estimating activity resources process?

Project documents update

In project procurement management, which of the following is an output of the executing process?

Resource calendars

_____ refers to action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectation

Rework

_____ involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders.

Scope validation

In project time management, which of the following processes primarily involve identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities?

Sequencing activities

The ________ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities.

Six 9s of quality

_____ involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection.

Statistical sampling

Which of the following is true of bottom-up estimates?

They are time-intensive and expensive to develop.

Which of the following is true of tangible costs?

They can be easily measured

_____ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them.

Use case modeling

____ is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system.

User acceptance testing

_____ involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables.

Validating scope

_____ refers to the difference between planned and actual performance.

Variance

Which of the following is an input of the process of controlling costs?

Work performance data

A rough order of magnitude estimate can be referred to as a _____ estimate.

ballpark

Generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization is known as _____.

benchmarking

A similarity between the crashing technique and the fast tracking technique is that:

both can shorten the time needed to finish a project.

In the _____ approach, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS.

bottom-up

In an AOA network diagram, _____ occur when two or more activities follow a single node.

bursts

One of the main outputs of the ___________ process is a cost baseline.

cost budgeting

The main goal of the _____ process is to produce a cost baseline for measuring project performance and project funding requirements.

cost budgeting