Cis Chapter 2

A "machine cycle" involves four steps in the following order: ______ "fetch, decode, execute, store" "fetch, store, decode, execute" "decode, store, execute, fetch" "execute, fetch, store, decode"

"Fetch, decode, execute, store"

Each place value in a binary number represents _____ raised to the appropriate power. 0 1 2 10

2

Eight bits grouped together are collectively referred to as a _____. kilobyte byte pixel binary

Byte

A special type of extremely fast memory (faster than RAM) that is functionally between the CPU registers and the RAM is the _____ memory. port DVD cache laser

Cache

Video data (such as home movies, feature films, and television shows) is displayed using a collection of _____. slides pixels vectors frames

Frames

The main circuit board inside the system unit is called the _____ to which all devices used by the computer must be connected. megaboard gigaboard masterboard motherboard

Motherboard

Which of these is largest? Terabyte Megabyte Kilobyte Gigabtye

Terabyte

Adding more memory is one of the best ways to improve performance on your current computer, especially if your computer slows down significantly when you have multiple programs open. TRUE FALSE

True

A _____ image uses three bytes (24 bits) for each pixel in the image to produce 16.8-million-color photographic quality. mega color true color real color full color

True color

Text-based data is represented by fixed-length binary coding systems specifically developed for text-based data. The three most common systems for representing text are ASCII, EBCDIC, and _____. Unicode Americode Hindicode UnitedNationsCode

Unicode

A _____ is the smallest unit of data that a binary computer can recognize. byte datum pixel bit

bit

Audio data such as a song or the sound of someone speaking must be in digital form in order to be stored on a storage medium or processed by a PC. TRUE FALSE

true

Just as numbers, text, and multimedia data must be represented by 0s and 1s inside a computer, software program instructions must also be represented by 0s and 1s. TRUE FALSE

true

A GPU is like a CPU in that it performs computational work. However, a GPU is specialized to handle _____ with incredible efficiency and speed. 3D graphics and image and video processing keyboard and voice input as well as both audio and printed output

3D graphics and image and video processing

The bus width and bus speed together determine the bus s ______? that is, the amount of data that can be transferred via the bus in a given period of time. clock speed bandwidth machine cycle memory

Bandwidth

Modern Intel CPUs perform _____ of cycles per second. millions billions thousands hundreds

Billions

The CPU is often called the _____ of the computer. brains heart soul bottleneck

Brains

A _____ is an electronic pathway over which data can travel. bus lane word track

Bus

For over four decades now, the number of transistors on a microchip has been growing exponentially, steadily doubling every 18-to-24 months. As a result, a modern Intel CPU today has over 5 Billion transistors on a chip the size of your thumbnail. This steady doubling of transistors every 18-to-24 months is known as ___________. simple logic Intel ingenuity creative computing Moore's law

Moore's law

______ is when a single computer has more than one processor and each processor is working on a different job. parallel processing Hyper-Threading Technology multiprocessing

Multiprocessing

______ is a technology developed by Intel that enables a single processor to run two threads of the same program at the same time. parallel processing Hyper-Threading Technology multiprocessing

Parallel Processing

_____ streamlines the machine cycle by executing different stages of multiple instructions at the same time. A new instruction is started when the preceding instruction moves from the Fetch to the Decode stage, and so on. tasking pipelining stretching juggling

Pipelining

Peripheral devices (such as speakers or monitors or printers or cameras) connect to the system unit by plugging into a _____ which is a special connector exposed through the exterior of the system unit. port hub module bus

Port

The _____ converts the power from a standard electrical outlet and then delivers that electricity to the computer. fan power supply drive bay expansion slot

Power supply

______ computing utilizes atoms or nuclei working together as quantum bits that are capable of representing more than just two states as in electronic computing of today. Quantum Nanotechnology

Quantum

A ______ is high-speed memory built into the CPU to temporarily store data and intermediary results as part of the machine cycle (Fetch, Decode, Execute, Store). reactor roof record register

Register

__________ is the physical components of a computer. The things you can touch and feel. analog hardware software digital

hardware

Most CPUs today are _____ CPUs; that is, CPUs that contain the processing components or cores of multiple independent processors on a single CPU. multi-scan multi-component multi-core multi-ply

multi-core

______ is when a single computer has more than one processor and numerous processors are working together to finish a single job faster. parallel processing Hyper-Threading Technology multiprocessing

parallel processing

The _____ converts the power from a standard electrical outlet and then delivers that electricity to the computer. fan power supply drive bay expansion slot

power supply

CPU registers are faster than cache memory, and cache memory is faster than RAM. All three (registers, cache, and RAM) are ______ memory, meaning they lose their information when power is disrupted. volatile nonvolatile

volatile