CIS420 Exam 2

planning

Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with the _____ process in project scope management.

Which of the following is a network diagramming technique used primarily to predict total project duration?

Critical path analysis

Which of the following techniques involve doing activities in parallel that one would normally do in sequence?

Fast tracking

_____ provide(s) a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format.

Gantt charts

planning quality management

Process improvement plan, quality metrics, and quality checklists are the outputs of the _____ process of project quality management.

Which of the following is true of dummy activities?

They show logical relationships between activities.

Prototyping

_____ refers to the process of developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system.

Which of the following is true of a rough order of magnitude estimate?

b. It provides an estimate of what a project will cost.

Which of the following is most likely to be a reason for inaccuracies in information technology cost estimates?

b. People lack estimating experience.

_____ includes the processes required to ensure that a project team completes a project within an approved budget.

b. Project cost management

Profits may be defined as:

b. revenues minus expenditures.

A similarity between the crashing technique and the fast tracking technique is that:

both can shorten the time needed to finish a project.

Critical chain scheduling protects tasks on the critical chain from being delayed by using _____, which consist of additional time added before tasks on the critical chain that are preceded by non-critical-path tasks.

feeding buffers

AOA network diagrams use only _____ dependencies.

finish-to-start

The amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any immediately following activities is known as a _____.

free slack

The _____ for an activity is the latest possible time an activity might begin without delaying the project finish date.

late start date

The critical path is the _____ path through a network diagram, and it represents the _____ amount of slack or float.

longest; shortest

A(n) _____ on a project is a significant event that normally has no duration.

milestone

The first process involved in project time management is _____ .

planning schedule management

A draft schedule for a project is most likely to be found in a _____.

project charter

In project time management, a(n) _____ is an output of controlling the schedule

project management plan update

JAD

_____ uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems.

Crosby

_____ wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects.

Which of the following is true of earned value?

a. It is an estimate of the value of the physical work actually completed.

Which of the following reserves allows for future situations that are unpredictable?

a. Management reserves

After working with key stakeholders to define activities and calculate their resources, the next process in project time management is to:

estimate the duration of activities.

_____ states that work expands to fill the time allowed.

Parkinson's Law

control chart

A _____ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time.

metric

A _____ is a standard of measurement in quality management.

work package

A(n) ____ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS.

work breakdown structure

A(n) _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project.

requirements traceability matrix

A(n) _____ is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed.

Which of the following is a difference between an activity list and an activity attribute?

An activity attribute provides more schedule-related information about each activity than an activity list.

analyze

An important tool used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram.

Which of the following is a similarity between scope control and schedule control?

Both are portions of the integrated change control process under project integration management.

In project time management, which of the following processes generate the main outputs of an activity list, activity attributes, and a milestone list?

Defining activities

Which of the following processes in project time management involves identifying the specific tasks that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables?

Defining activities

In project time management, which of the following processes involve analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule?

Developing the schedule

_____ dependencies are sometimes referred to as soft logic and should be used with care because they may limit later scheduling options.

Discretionary

In project time management, which of the following processes involve calculating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual activities?

Estimating activity durations

Which of the following dependencies involve relationships between project and non-project activities?

External

bottom-up

In the _____ approach, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS.

analogy

In the _____approach for constructing a WBS, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point.

Which of the following is true of a finsih-to-finish dependency?

It is a dependency in which the "from" activity must be finished before the "to" activity can be finished.

Which of the following is an output of schedule control?

Lessons-learned reports

Which of the following types of dependencies are inherent in the nature of work being performed on a project?

Mandatory

A network diagramming technique in which boxes represent activities is known as a(n) _____.

PDM

A difference between the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and critical path method (CPM) is that:

PERT uses different duration estimates whereas CPM uses one specific duration estimate.

the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.

Scope creep refers to:

the work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them.

Scope refers to:

In project time management, which of the following processes primarily involve identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities?

Sequencing activities

Which of the following is a relationship in which the "from" activity cannot start until the "to" activity is started?

Start-to-start

.deliverable

The term ______ describes a product produced as part of a project.

top-down

The _____ approach for constructing a WBS involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail.

quality control

The _____ process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling.

scope statement

The _____ should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project.

mind mapping

The _____ technique for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks.

requirements management plan

The ______ documents how project needs will be analyzed, documented, and managed.

decomposition

The main technique used in creating a WBS is _____, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces.

A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.

Which of the following is recommended for the creation of a good WBS?

User acceptance testing

____ is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system.

CMMI

_____ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes.

Statistical sampling

_____ involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection.

Collecting requirements

_____ involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them.

Scope validation

_____ involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders.

Validating scope

_____ involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables.

Defining scope

_____ involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved.

External failure cost

_____ is a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer.

Use case modeling

_____ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them.

Design of experiments

_____ is a technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process.

Conformance to requirements

_____ means the project's processes and products meet written specifications.

Rework

_____ refers to action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations.

Variance

_____ refers to the difference between planned and actual performance.

In an AOA network diagram, _____ occur when two or more activities follow a single node.

bursts

A cost estimation tool which is used to allocate money into an organization's budget is known as a _____ estimate.

c. budgetary

Indirect costs are:

c. not directly related to the products or services of a project.

Cost variance is:

c. the earned value minus the actual cost.

In project time management, the process of_____ primarily involves checking and managing changes to the project schedule.

controlling the schedule

The technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost is known as _____.

crashing

_____ is a method for determining the estimated annual costs and benefits for a project.

d. Cash flow analysis

_____ involves allocating the overall cost estimate to individual work items to establish a baseline for measuring performance.

d. Determining the budget

_____ are those costs that are difficult to measure in monetary terms.

d. Intangible costs

Which of the following is true of analogous estimates?

d. They are most reliable when previous projects are similar in fact with current projects.

In project time management, the next step after defining project activities is:

determining their dependencies.

In project time management, the ultimate goal of _____ is to provide a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the project.

developing a schedule

defect

A(n) _____ is any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements.

benchmarking

Generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization is known as _____.

executing

Performing quality assurance is a subprocess of the _____ process of project quality management.

Which of the following documents is most likely to include planned project start and end dates which serve as the starting points for a detailed schedule?

Project charter

Which of the following is one of the main outputs of estimating activity resources process?

Project documents update

_____ is the amount of time an activity can be delayed from its early start without delaying the planned project finish date.

Total slack

monitoring and controlling

Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the _____ subprocess of project quality management.

The process of controlling costs primarily involves:

a. managing changes to the project budget.

Good Earth, a company manufacturing packaged food products, sets up its stores in Baltonia. However, a year later, the company closes the store down due to high operating costs. In such a scenario, the money spent in paying for the rent of the store in Baltonia would be an example of _____ costs.

a. sunk

Which of the following types of estimate use the actual cost of a previous, similar project as the basis for estimating the cost of the current project?

b. Analogous estimates

In project time management, the main goal of _____ is to ensure that the project team has complete understanding of all the work they must do as part of the project scope so they can start scheduling the work.

defining activities

The cost performance index (CPI):

d. can be used to estimate the projected cost of completing the project.

The main goal of the _____ process is to produce a cost baseline for measuring project performance and project funding requirements.

d. cost budgeting

Which of the following is true of bottom-up estimates?

a. They are time-intensive and expensive to develop.

Which of the following is an input of the process of controlling costs?

a. Work performance data