CITI Certification

Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence can be applied to a study employing human subjects?

Determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a minimization of risks.

Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence is applied to a study involving human subjects?

Ensuring that risks are reasonable in relationship to anticipated benefits.

A researcher wishes to study generational differences in coping mechanisms among adults who experienced abuse as children. Adequate measures will be instituted to obtain informed consent and ensure that there is no breach of confidentiality. The most likely additional risk is that some subjects may:

Experience emotional or psychological distress.

Risk of harm in social and behavioral sciences generally fall in three categories, which are:

Invasion of privacy, breach of confidentiality, and study procedures

Continuing review of an approved and ongoing protocol

Must occur within 12 months of the approval date.

According to federal regulations, the expedited review process may be used when the study procedures pose:

No more than minimal risk and the research activities fall within regulatory categories identified as eligible.

Which of the following statements about the relationship between an institution and the institution's IRB(s) is correct?

Officials of the institution may overrule an IRB approval.

The Belmont principle of beneficence requires that:

Potential benefits justify the risks of harm.

In addition to pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates, another subpart of the HHS regulations provides additional protections for which of the following vulnerable populations?

Prisoners.

As part of the consent process, the federal regulations require researchers to:

Provide potential subjects with information at the appropriate reading comprehension level.

Which of the following are the three principles discussed in the Belmont Report?

Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice

Humphreys collecting data for the Tearoom Trade study under the pretense that he was a lookout is an example of a violation of the principle of:

Respect for persons.

What statement about risks in social and behavioral sciences research is most accurate:

Risks are specific to time, situation, and culture.

In a longitudinal study that will follow children from kindergarten through high school and will collect information about illegal activities, which of the following confidentiality procedures would protect against compelled disclosure of individually identifiable information?

Securing a Certificate of Confidentiality.

When a focus group deals with a potentially sensitive topic, which of the following statements about providing confidentiality to focus group participants is correct?

The researcher cannot control what participants repeat about others outside the group.

Which of the following constitutes both a breach of confidentiality (the research data have been disclosed, counter to the agreement between researcher and subjects) and a violation of subjects' privacy (the right of the individuals to be protected against intrusion into their personal lives or affairs)?

A faculty member makes identifiable data about sexual behavior available to graduate students, although the subjects were assured that the data would be de-identified.

A criterion for waiving informed consent is that, when appropriate, subjects are provided additional pertinent information after the study. In which of the following studies would it NOT be appropriate to provide subjects with information about missing elements of consent:

A study in which subjects were assigned to study activities based on an undesirable or unflattering physical characteristic as assessed by members of the research team.

Identify the example of when situation and time are key to assessing risk of harm in a research study:

Asking women if they have had an abortion

A researcher wants to do a web-based survey of college students to collect information about their sexual behavior and drug use. Direct identifiers will not be collected; however, IP addresses may be present in the data set. Risk of harm should be evaluated by:

Both the magnitude (or severity) and the probability (or likelihood) of harm.

Data are made anonymous by

Destroying all identifiers connected to the data.

The researcher's failure to protect research subjects from deductive disclosure is the primary ethical violation in which of the following studies?

Harvard "Tastes, Ties, and Time (T3)" study (2006-2009)" study

A general requirement for informed consent is that no informed consent may include any exculpatory language. Exculpatory language is that which waives or appears to waive any of the subject's legal rights or releases or appears to release those conducting the research from liability for negligence. Which of the following statements in a consent form is an example of exculpatory language?

Taking part in the research is voluntary, but if you choose to take part, you waive the right to legal redress for any research-related injuries.

Which of the following studies is linked most directly to the establishment of the National Research Act in 1974 and ultimately to the Belmont Report and Federal regulations for human subject protection?

The Public Health Service Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male.

A waiver of the requirement for documentation of informed consent may be granted when:

The only record linking the subject and the research is the consent document and the principal risk is a breach of confidentiality.

A therapist at a free university clinic treats elementary school children with behavior problems who are referred by a social service agency. She is also a doctoral candidate who proposes using data she has and will collect about the children for a case-based research project. Which of the following statements about parental permission is correct?

The parents of the children might feel pressure to give permission to the therapist to use their children's data so that she will continue to provide services to their children.

According to the federal regulations, research is eligible for exemption, if

The research falls into one of six categories of research activity described in the regulations.

A researcher leaves a research file in her car while she attends a concert and her car is stolen. The file contains charts of aggregated numerical data from a research study with human subjects, but no other documents. The consent form said that no identifying information would be retained, and the researcher adhered to that component. Which of the following statements best characterizes what occurred?

There was neither a violation of privacy nor a breach of confidentiality.

According to the Belmont Report, the moral requirement that there be fair outcomes in the selection of research subjects, expresses the principle of:

justice

The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons incorporates at least two ethical convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second, that:

persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection