Citi Training - Research Misconduct

If a friendship with an applicant could interfere with a hiring decision, this is typically referred to as:

A personal conflict of interest.

Which of the following is true regarding data analysis?

Data analysis methods should usually be specified in advance before a study begins.

What are the three main goals of data lifecycle management (DLM)?

Confidentiality, availability, and integrity

Which of the following is a responsibility of each author?

Confirming that data have been accurately presented in the paper.

Which of the following most accurately describes good mentoring practice?

Encouraging trainees to receive mentoring from a collection of individuals.

Which of the following most accurately describes an institutional conflict of interest?

It occurs when an institution's financial or non-financial interests could interfere with its research activities.

Which of the following is the primary criterion for authorship?

Having made a significant intellectual contribution to the work.

According to the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, fabrication involves:

Making up data or results and recording or reporting them.

What is the main function of a Technology Transfer Office with respect to collaborative research?

It helps collaborative researchers to commercialize their work.

Which of the following most accurately describes the practice of ghost authorship?

It is a situation where the individual who wrote the manuscript is not listed as an author.

Which of the following most accurately describes a conflict of commitment?

It occurs when outside activities interfere with obligations to one's primary employer.

The most important factor in determining whether a research collaboration will be successful is:

Whether there is ongoing communication among the team members about their goals and responsibilities.

If researchers allow their moral or other personal beliefs to influence their objectivity, this is most likely an example of:

A conflict of conscience

Which statement best describes information that must be included in a consent form?

A description of the research's potential benefits and risks

Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of a reviewer?

A reviewer's conflict of interest should be disclosed to the journal editor or grant agency.

If there is sufficient evidence to proceed, what is the next main phase that takes place after the inquiry in response to a research misconduct allegation?

An investigation

Which of the following is the most appropriate step to take if authors believe that their manuscript was reviewed unfairly?

The author can contact the editor with their concerns.

As a first step, what must be done before enrolling a young child in a research protocol?

The risks and benefits must be explained to the child's parents or legally authorized representative.

What is the most appropriate process for research collaborators to use in determining which journal they should submit their work to?

The research team should discuss the issue early on and while the project is ongoing.

Which of the following most accurately describes the responsibilities of a trainee in the mentoring relationship?

The trainee must take an active role in the relationship and clearly communicate needs and expectations.

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the importance of mentoring?

The trainee must take an active role in the relationship and clearly communicate needs and expectations.

In any collaboration, data ownership is typically determined by:

The type and source of funds used to support the project.

Development of most new drugs, from discovery to marketing approval, usually takes:

9 years or more

Which statement best describes the role of an IRB:

A committee that reviews different types of human subjects research

Which of the following statements about mentoring is true?

A mechanism to transmit values and standards of professional conduct.

Which of the following is most likely to create a poor relationship between a mentor and a trainee?

A mentor who recruits trainees merely for the mentor's own career advancement.

A reviewer's main responsibility is to:

Behave professionally.

Which of the following statements is true regarding authorship practices?

Both within and between disciplines, practices differ with regard to who should be included as an author, and in what order they should be listed.

Which of the following is true regarding the reporting of research results?

Clear specification of the methods and procedures used is essential.

Which of the following is true regarding data acquisition?

Data acquisition should follow a detailed collection plan that is set in advance.

Which of the following is an example of how the Principle of Beneficence can be applied to a study employing human subjects?

Determining that the study has maximized benefits and minimized risks.

Which of the following is true regarding authors who seek to publish the same content in multiple papers

If the same content is used in multiple papers, it is essential that this information be properly disclosed to journal editors and other relevant entities.

Which of the following best describes the principle of Respect for Persons as described in the Belmont Report?

Information, comprehension, voluntariness.

The two main criteria that the National Science Foundation (NSF) uses to evaluate grant proposals are:

Intellectual merit and broader impact.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a new formulation of an investigational drug most likely refers to which clinical phase of a study in humans?

Phase I

Adults with more than a twelve (12)-month history of migraines were assigned randomly in a double-blinded study to receive treatment with experimental drug X (10 or 20 mg/day) or placebo. The primary efficacy measure was the reduction in severity of the migraine attacks. Enrollment was twelve-hundred (1200) subjects. Which of the following best describes the clinical phase of this study?

Phase III

Which type of inappropriate practice most likely occurred if a researcher takes credit for someone else's idea and does not acknowledge the original source?

Plagiarism

Long-term toxicology of an experimental drug in animals most likely refers to which part of drug development?

Preclinical

For a Phase I new drug study in humans, what is the primary source of the data included in the initial Investigator's Brochure?

Preclinical data

Which of the following are the three principles included in the Belmont Report?

Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice.

Which of the following is true regarding data sharing and stewardship?

Researchers who receive federal funding may have to adhere to a data sharing requirement.

Which of the following most directly contributed to the establishment of the National Research Act and the creation of the Belmont Report?

The Tuskegee Study

Which of the following is most likely to be considered plagiarism?

Using materials from a source without proper citation

Which of the following is true about conflicts of interest?

Conflicts of interest increase the likelihood of bias.

Which of the following is the most effective strategy for preventing research misconduct?

Good mentoring

Which statement most accurately describes the process leading to the development of the Nuremberg Code:

It was created in response to the harms caused by Nazi researchers around the time of the Second World War.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of reviewers?

Reviewers should identify the positive and negative aspects of a manuscript, and indicate where improvements are needed.

Which of the following is a key reason why international collaborations can be challenging?

The collaborators may have different disciplinary and cultural backgrounds and practices.