Civil Rights Exam
What was the Kennedy administrations response to the freedom riders?
Banned segregation in all interstate travel facilities. Their response was to protect the riders on the last part of their journey to Jackson, Mississippi by sending 400 US marshals
Who attended the march on Washington
More than 250,000 people including 75,000 whites. Martin Luther king, Jr.
In the brown ruling the Supreme Court declared that separate public education for African Americans...
Violated the right to equal protection under the law
in the 1970's la raza unida focused its efforts on
electing latinos to public office
what were the demonstrations organized by the american indian movement designed to do
actively confront the federal government
its goal was to persuade kennedy to pass the civil rights bill
march on washington, 1963
what event derailed president johnsons great society reforms
vietnam war
this eliminated the literacy test and stated that federal examiners could enroll voters denied suffrage by local officials
voting rights act of 1965
She cofounded miss. magazine and the national womens political caucus
Gloria Steinem
What was roe v. Wade and why was it significant
- About Abortion laws - allowed women to get abortions within 3 months of getting pregnant.
Name three changes that members of the national organization of women advocated
- Education - equal wages - childcare facilities.
Identify Gloria Steinem
- Found the National women's political caucus - miss magazine.
What was the impact of Betty Friedmans book the feminine mystique
- Gave momentum to feminist movement. - First time the problem with no name was shown and identified to women nationwide.
What kinds of discrimination did women encounter at their jobs in the 1960's
- Unfair wages - no high power positions - Couldn't get "men jobs"
how many states were needed to ratify the equal rights amendment of 1972
38
Brown v. Board of education if Topeka
A 1954 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that separate but equal education for black and white students was unconstitutional
Southern Christian leadership conference
An organization formed in 1957 by Dr. Martin Luther king jr. And other leaders to work for civil rights through nonviolent means.
Student nonviolent coordinating committee (sncc)
An organization formed in 1960 to coordinate sit- ins and other protests and to give young blacks a larger role in the civil rights movement.
What was significant about the civil rights act of 1957? What did it accomplish?
Because it carried nonviolent crusades against the evils of second class citizenship. They were the most important student activists in American history.
whose book the feminine mystique inspired women to question their lives?
Betty friedman
Why did some women, including Phyllis Schalfly, oppose the equal rights amendment?
Conservative religious group member and felt ERA would lead to horrible laws protecting homemakers.
this was passed by congress but never ratified by the states
ERA
Fannie Lou Hamers role in the civil rights movement
Fannie Lou Hamers role in the civil rights movement was being the voice at the 1964 Democratic National Convention. She described how she was jailed and for registering to vote in 1962 and police forced other prisoners to beat her. This message spread rapidly making president Johnson fear the loss of southern white vote if democrats sided with MFDP. This lead to the democrats giving 2 of Mississippi's 68 seats to the MFDP with a compromise to ban discrimination at the 1968 convention.
Why was king visiting Memphis when he was assassinated
He had gone to support the city's striking garbage workers
What did president kennedy order to enforce james merediths court case allowing him to enroll at the university of mississippi
He ordered federal marshals to escort meredith to classes and protect his parents from violence.
How successful the women's movement
I would say it was very successful because women were found in politics and 30% more went to medical school.
What did the civil rights act of 1968 change?
It ended discrimination in housing which led to financial, educational, and political gains for African Americans.
What did the voting rights act outlaw
It outlawed the literacy test that disqualified many voters. Stated that federal examiners could enroll voters denied suffrage by local officials.
What did the law accomplish
It tripled the overall percentage of African American voters in the south. Raised the registrations of eligible African American voters in the US from 10% in 1964 to 60% in 1968
What happened to the equal rights amendment?
It was a proposed and failed amendment.
first african american student to attend the university of mississippi
James Meredith
the civil rights act of 1964 was passed during his presidency
Lyndon B. Johnson
he spoke of his dream during the march on washington
MLK Jr.
What was Martin Luther king Jrs. Approach to battling racial injustice?
Made a declaration about transportation in the Supreme Court outlawed the bus segregation. Peaceful refusal to obey unjust laws. Nonviolent protests.
Thurgood Marshall
Marshall and his NAACP lawyers would win 29 out of 32 cases argued before the Supreme Court.
Who was the first leader of the Christian leadership conference
Martin Luther king jr.
among other things this pushes for the creation of more childcare facilities and for improved educational opportunities for women
National Organization for Women (NOW)
How did Montgomery bus boycott begin? Wha effect did it have?
Nixon formed a boycott after News broke out of the injustice of rosa parks.
What did the march encourage president Johnson to do?
Pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965
How did President Eisenhower respond to the Little Rock school crisis?
President Eisenhower responded to the Little Rock school crisis by placing the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and ordered a thousand paratroopers into Little Rock.
What was the goal of the freedom summer project
Project to register African- American voters in Mississippi
How did the sit- in demonstrations throughout the south reflect kings approach
Protestors sat down at segregated lunch counters and refused to leave until they were served.
How did the ideas of SNCC differ from those of the Black Panthers.
SNCC didn't believe in violence while the black panthers did.
What tactic did rhe SNCC use to fight segregation?
Sit-ins
How were the supreme court cases Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka related?
The Supreme Court cases were related because they were both platforms for segregation laws being made. Plessy v. Ferguson was when the Supreme Court ruled that the separation of races in public accommodations was legal and did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment. Brown v. The board of education of Topeka was was a court ruling that stated "separate but equal" where the education for black and white kids were unconstitutional.
What were the demands of the American Indian Movement (AIM) organizers who staged "The Trail of Broken Treaties" march on Washington in 1972?
The demands of the American Indian Movement were the restoration of land and abolition of Bureau of Indian affairs.
What caused the division in the civil rights movement
The division was caused by groups that joined together who disagreed with the decisions Martin Luther king jr. idea of black power movement.
What were the findings of the kerner commission
The nation was separating into two different societies: white and black. The root was white racism.
What problems were faced by blacks living in northern cities
The problems blacks were faced by living in the northern cities were the de facto segregation where everyone was used to a certain tradition and lived by that tradition which ultimately led to the problems of black and white separation.
What prompted the interstate commerce commission to ban segregation in all interstate travel facilities?
The shocking treatment of freedom riders
How is Prom Night in Mississippi related to de facto segregation?
The society of Mississippi was used to a sort of custom set to separate the races during their prom night and de facto segregation is that racial segregation established by practice and custom, not by law.
What strategies did both César Chávez and the UFWOC use to achieve their goals? How did they successfully apply these tactics?
The strategies Cesar Chaves and the UFWOC used to achieve their goals was the use of nonviolent protests, strikes and boycotting. They successfully applied these tactics
Why was the tactic of nonviolence so successful in achieving change?
The televised violent response of segregationists provoked moral outrage in onlookers
What was the response of the NAACP to the arrest of rosa parks
They formed the Montgomery improvement association to organize a very effective bus boycott
Who volunteered for the freedom summer project?
Thousands of student volunteers, mostly white and about one third female. SNCC staff members
What was the goal of the March on Washington
To persuade congress to pass the civil rights bill
What was the goal of the march on washington dc in 1963?
To persuade congress to pass the civil rights bill
What did the mississippi freedom democratic party hope to accomplish at the 1964 democratic convention
To replace the existing mississippi delagates with its own delagates
What was the goal of the freedom riders?
To test Supreme Court decisions banning segregation on interstate bus routes and facilities in bus terminals.
What world event inspired African Americans to fight for civil rights at home?
World war II
What type of segregation did african americans face in the north
de facto
stokely carmichael was founder of the
black power movement
phyllis shlafly became well known for her efforts to
defeat the equal rights amendment
this is a theory behind the womens movement
feminism
tested the supreme court decisions banning segregation on interstate bus routes, facilities, and bus terminals
freedom riders
by campaigning to register african american voters, it hoped to attract national attention and influence congress to pass a voting rights act
freedom summer
describe the actions of cesar chaves
he adopted the tactics of nonviolent protest
how did malcolm x's pilgrimage to Mecca cause him to split with the black muslims
he learned orthodox islam preached and practiced racial equality
What role did the violence shown in television play in the march from Selma to Montgomery?
it received national publicity and encouraged others to join in on the Selma to Montgomery March
he used federal marshals to protect the freedom riders on the last leg of their journey and to force the desegregation of universities of mississippi and alabama
john f. kennedy
which group was founded specifically to address the grievances of women that were not adequately addressed by the civil rights act of 1964
national organization for women
the indian education act gave greater control over the education of native americans to
native american tribes
conservative opponents of the womens movement organized this pro family coalition
new right
she opposed the equal rights amendment
phyllis s.
on which right did native american groups focus in the 1961 declaration of indian purpose
self-determination
televised scenes of violence during this event convinced lyndon b johnson to ask congress for swift passage of voting rights act
selma to montgomery march
the modern feminist movement became more organized and focused after the
publication of the feminine mystique
this resulted in the recognition of the womens right to have an abortion in the first 3 months of a womens pregnancy
roe v wade
the assassination of martin luther king jr. led to
the worst urban rioting in american history
Describe "consciousness- raising"
women shared their lives with each other and discovered that their experiences were not unique
