civil war and reconstruction test

In the system of share-tenancy, farmworkers... *

had more control over their crops and supplies than was true in sharecropping

General William T. Sherman's "March to the Sea" was important to the Union war effort because *

important railroad tracks were destroyed, severing supply lines for Confederate forces

After the Battle of Gettysburg, the South...

never again fought on Union soil

Early in his Presidency, Abraham Lincoln declared that his primary goal as President was to... *

preserve the Union

Seceding states believed that they had to leave the Union in order to... *

protect their property and their way of life

What practice did this ruling uphold? *

racial segregation in public places

During the 1870s, Supreme Court decisions... *

restricted the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment

Abraham Lincoln's biggest objective in the Civil War was to... *

save the Union

What term describes a white southerner who supported northern Reconstruction policies after the Civil War? *

scalawag

Which of the following events directly caused the outbreak of the Civil War? *

the attack at Fort Sumter

The term "Bleeding Kansas" can be attributed to...

the competition between opposing political groups

The most likely event occurring due to the 1860 presidential election of Lincoln was... *

the secession of South Carolina from the Union

The Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson basically legalized...

the segregation of people according to race

What did the Enforcement Act of 1870 make illegal?

the use of force or coercion to prevent citizens from voting

The main purpose of General Sherman's "March to the Sea" in 1864 was to... *

destroy the South's strategic and economic capacity to fight

The era of Radical Reconstruction can be seen as a failure because... *

it did not adequately protect former slaves from having their rights violated

Identify the main reason many Radical Republican were upset over Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan.

it made readmission to the Union too easy

The Republican Party became strong in the South, in part because...

millions of Southern African American men became voters

What is one advantage that helped the North to achieve victory in the Civil War? *

more technological resources

What profession grew substantially with women's participation during the Civil War? *

nursing

During Reconstruction many southerners used this derogatory for other southerners who supported Radical Republicans and Reconstruction. *

scalawags

Why is this woman sitting with these wounded Civil War soldiers? *

she is a nurse

What is the "domestic institution" that Lincoln is referring to in his inaugural address?

slavery

Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin" infuriated the South because it...

spread anti-slavery sentiment in the North

Which statement regarding the era of Reconstruction is false? *

state laws and customs upheld the constitutional amendments

Which of these was a method that Republicans used to maintain control of Congress during Reconstruction? *

taking the right to vote and hold office from former Confederate leaders

The Ten Percent Plan required that... *

ten percent of a state's voters take a loyalty oath to the Union

Which Reconstruction plan called for harsh punishments for the the former rebellious states and emphasized civil and voting rights for freedmen following the Civil War?

the Radical Republican Plan

President Andrew Johnson's leniency with former Confederate officials and his veto of legislation designed to provide civil rights and financial aid to former slaves angered... *

the Radical Republicans

Which side had a more difficult time rebuilding after the Civil War? *

the South

By the end of the Civil War, *

the South's economy had been destroyed.

To what did Abraham Lincoln refer when he said, "A house divided against itself cannot stand"? We are now far into the fifth year, since a policy was initiated, with the avowed object, and confident promise, of putting an end to slavery agitation. Under the operation of that policy, that agitation has not only, not ceased, but has constantly augmented. In my opinion, it will not cease, until a crisis shall have been reached, and passed. "A house divided against itself cannot stand." I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved -- I do not expect the house to fall -- but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other.

union could not continue with both free states and slave states

Which Constitutional amendment proved to be more effective than the Emancipation Proclamation? *

13th

Which amendment guaranteed the "equal protection" of the laws to all American citizens? *

14th amendment

Which Constitutional amendment stated that the right to vote cannot be denied because of race? *

15th

The Radical Republicans rejected the Ten Percent Plan because they believed that... *

African Americans should be granted full citizenship

How did African Americans support the war effort? *

After the Militia Act, African Americans fought for the Union

Where did Lee finally surrender to Grant? *

Appomattox Court House

What battle is considered to be the turning point in the Civil War? *

Battle of Gettysburg

What reason did Stevens give in this statement for granting voting rights to African Americans? * If impartial suffrage is excluded in the rebel States then every one of them is sure to send a solid rebel representative delegation to Congress, and cast a solid rebel electoral vote. They, with their kindred Copperheads of the North, would always elect the President

Black voters would help Republicans to maintain control of the Congress and Presidency

What provision did the Compromise of 1850 include? *

California would be admitted as a free state

How did literacy rates in the South benefit carpetbaggers? *

Carpetbaggers with just a basic education had many career opportunities

Which sequence of events correctly identifies a rise in tensions, bringing the nation closer toward armed conflict? *

Compromise of 1850----> Dred Scott Decision

What contradiction does the Civil War historian find in the secession of the Southern States? What were the rights and liberties for which Confederates contended? The right to own slaves: the liberty to take this property into the territories: freedom from the coercive powers of a centralized government.-James McPherson, The Battle Cry of Freedom)

Confederates demanded the freedom to enslave others

What action did Congress take to support Southern African Americans? *

Congress overturned Johnson's vetoes on major Reconstruction legislation

Which phrase completes the diagram below? venn diagram how are black codes and jim crow laws related

Discriminated against African Americans

How did Hayes's election effectively end Reconstruction? *

Federal intervention ended in the South

Which title best completes the diagram? 1.produced beef pork fish fruit and salt for confederate troops 2.1400 of its citizens fought in the civil war 3.it had one of few confederate state capitals that didnt fall to union forces 4. its smaller ships slipped past union blockade at night and supplied goods to confederate troops

Florida's Contribution to the South during the Civil War

What was an important effect of the sharecropping system and debt peonage?

Freedmen often remained in a state of economic dependence on their former masters

What conductor on the Underground Railroad was known as "Black Moses"? *

Harriet Tubman

Which of these BEST describes the Compromise of 1877? *

Hayes becomes President and Reconstruction ends.

How did Lincoln approach the issue of slavery in his speeches? * We are now far into the fifth year, since a policy was initiated, with the avowed object, and confident promise, of putting an end to slavery agitation. Under the operation of that policy, that agitation has not only, not ceased, but has constantly augmented. In my opinion, it will not cease, until a crisis shall have been reached, and passed. "A house divided against itself cannot stand." I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved -- I do not expect the house to fall -- but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other.

He condemned slavery and affirmed the idea of African Americans' natural rights

Which of the following is the reason the Supreme Court gave in their ruling against Dred Scott when he claimed he was a freed slave? *

He had no right to a trial because he wasn't a citizen

Which of the following contributed to Lincoln's decision to address the issue of slavery in the South? *

He was worried about anti-slavery sentiment in Europe

The agrarian South was at a disadvantage against the... *

Industrialized North

How did the Civil War affect industries in the North? *

Industries became more mechanized

What happened to the South's economy during the Civil War?

It deteriorated

Which of these was a task of the Freedman's Bureau?

It established schools for newly-freed slaves

What effect did Lincoln's ability to unify the bitterly divided North have on the outcome of the Civil War? *

It helped the Union win

How did the Missouri Compromise deal with the issue of slavery?

It prohibited slavery in most of the former Louisiana Territory except for Missouri

Who was the President of the Confederate States of America? *

Jefferson Davis

Which of the following was a key problem with the sharecropping system? *

Landowners could lie about expenses to keep sharecroppers in debt

How did the Civil War end? *

Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia

A major area of disagreement between Abraham Lincoln and the Radical Republicans was that... *

Lincoln felt that Reconstruction was primarily the pardoning of individuals, a presidential power.

What impact did the Civil War have on the South's African American population?

Many migrated to the North and West

Vicksburg is located on which river?

Mississippi

This excerpt expresses the view of the post-Civil War period held by... With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan—to do all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.- lincoln

Moderate Reconstructionists

The actions of the Republican Party after the Civil War were more favorable to... *

Northern industrial interests

The cartoon below by Thomas Nast was published in 1874. What was the main message of this cartoon? *

Opponents of Reconstruction were using violence to intimidate the freedmen

Which practices were introduced in Southern states after Reconstruction to circumvent this amendment? *

Poll taxes, literacy tests, and residency requirements were passed, which affected African Americans more than other citizens

What was a positive long term impact of Radical Reconstruction on the South? *

Public education systems were established for students of all races

Which two groups most helped the freedmen during Reconstruction?

Radical Republicans and Carpetbaggers

This piece of legislation represents the political and social changes during the __________________ era.

Reconstruction

What did Republicans gain from the Compromise of 1877?

Rutherford B. Hayes became president

Which of the following was not a main cause of the Civil War? *

Sanctions

How did this law influence conditions for African Americans in Florida?

Schools for African-American children received fewer resources than schools for white children

Which view was held by most Southerners of the secession crisis of 1860-1861? *

Since the Union was created by states, they could leave it at any time

Which BEST describes the social and political philosophy of the Underground Railroad "conductor" Harriet Tubman? *

Slaves should escape slavery using whatever means were available to them

Which best expresses the viewpoint of the artist in the cartoon below? *

Southern slaves are better treated than factory workers

Which of the following contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War?

Southerners feared that Northerners intended to abolish slavery

Which of the following actions completes the diagram below? *

Ten southern states are divided into 5 military districts governed by former Union generals

Why was a plan for Reconstruction of the South needed?

The Constitution provided no guidance on secession or readmission of states

How did the North's population differ from the South's population? *

The North's population was larger

What is one geographic advantage the South had over the North? *

The South was fighting in its own territory

Which of these strategies was NOT used by the South to counter the North's advantages in resources shown in the graph? * population manufactured goods miles of railroad firearms production livestock textile production

The South would fight a defensive war on its own terrain

Which idea was a part of Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction?

The Southern states had never really left the Union

Why was Vicksburg a strategic location for a Union victory? *

The Union could control the Mississippi River from Vicksburg

What was an immediate effect of the changes described below, which were implemented by Congressional Reconstruction? * created 5 districts and imposed martial law on south states had to ratify the 14 amendment before resubmission to the union confederate leaders could not hold elected office

The balance of power in Southern state governments shifted

Why was the Civil War's 1st battle, the first Battle of Bull Run, so shocking? *

The battle was more brutal than people expected

What offers the BEST reasoning behind William Tecumseh Sherman's strategy of using "total war" to defeat the South?

The destruction in Georgia would be so complete that it would break the Confederacy's will to continue fighting.

How did the Civil War affect states' rights? *

The supremacy of the federal government over the states was firmly established

What does Leon say about the town of Kinston? *

The town has been severly damaged by Union troops

What was a significant impact of the Emancipation Proclamation? *

The war became a moral contest over slavery

Why did South Carolina secede from the Union?

They believed that Lincoln was hostile to slavery

What was one impact of these issues on Republicans following the Civil War?

They disagreed over whether the President or Congress should set conditions for Reconstruction

What impact did Radical Republicans in Congress have on Reconstruction? *

They encouraged the freedmen to exercise their new political rights

What was Lincoln's view on African Americans? *

They were entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

What did Johnson require states to do to regain membership in the Union? *

Voters had to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment and state constitutions had to ban slavery

Which of these would have been MOST likely to have a Carpetbagger during the Reconstruction Era? *

a New York Businessman who relocated to Mississippi

What did the United States Treasury create when the Legal Tender Act was passed in 1862? *

a common national currency

Presidential Reconstruction following the American Civil War can best be described as *

a desire to rebuild the country quickly and without ill feelings following the war

What did Lincoln want before he announced the Emancipation Proclamation? *

a major Union military victory

Which of these would have been MOST likely to have been a Scalawag during the Reconstruction Era? *

a native Georgian who supported the Republican Party

The "Redeemers" in the late-19th century South would have been MOST likely to support... *

a return to Democratic rule and an end to Reconstruction

Which is the best contemporary definition of a "scalawag"?

a white Southerner who supported Reconstruction

"Bleeding Kansas" demonstrated that popular sovereignty was... *

an unworkable solution for the territories of Kansas and Nebraska

Union General Winfield Scott's plan to defeat the Confederacy included a naval blockade of southern ports, gaining naval control of the Mississippi River, and invading the rebellious southern states. By what name was General Scott's strategy known?

anaconda plan

Black Codes and Jim Crow laws were similar in that they both *

b. oppressed blacks and called for segregation.

In the years immediately following the Civil War, the South... *

became a stronghold for the Republican Party

On which area on the map represent the region where sharecropping was the dominant form of agricultural production in the late 1800s? * around florida

c

What was the final Northern destination for most people escaping slavery on the Underground Railroad? *

canada

Robert E. Lee did not accept command of the Union troops because he *

could not fight against Virginia

The Emancipation Proclamation *

decreed freedom for all enslaved people in the states at war with the Union, gave the Union a moral reason to fight.

What risk did a soldier face if he survived being wounded in a Civil War battle? *

dying from disease

John Brown's intention in raiding the arsenal at Harpers Ferry was to arm *

enslaved people and begin an insurrection against slaveholders.

In American history, the term "Reconstruction" refers to *

federal government intervention in the former Confederate states in order to monitor the treatment of former slaves

Why was abolitionist John Brown executed? *

for his attempt to seize the arsenal at Harpers Ferry

During his presidency, Ulysses S. Grant *

gave high-level advisory posts to untrustworthy friends and acquaintances

Which Civil War battle was significant in that the Union army was able to halt Robert E. Lee's invasion of the north? *

gettysburg

The crisis over the Missouri Compromise exposed the... *

growing sectionalism over the issue of slavery

This cartoon shows that President Ulysses S. Grant... *

had his ability to lead marred by scandal

The cotton gin changed agriculture in the South by... *

making cotton the dominant crop

Which of the following drew a line north of which any new states would be free states and south of which any new states would be slave states? *

making cotton the dominant crop

Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction called for *

reconciling with the South rather than punishing it.

Following the Civil War, the Radical Republicans in Congress... *

regarded the southern states as conquered territory

Which social issue is addressed in the cartoon? *

the conditions of Southern slaves

By the end of the 1860s, Northern support for Reconstruction had faded because...

the cost of military operations in the South worried many people

Which event was the catalyst for the secession of the first seven Southern states in 1861? *

the election of Abraham Lincoln as President

What were the major consequences of the Civil War? *

the end of slavery and a strengthening of the power of the federal government

The Kansas-Nebraska Act concerned what issue? *

the expansion of slavery into new territories

Which of these was a direct consequence of the Civil War? *

the extension of voting rights to African American men

Some abolitionists criticize Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation because... *

they knew it did not specifically free all enslaved people

Why did Lincoln refer to the right of each state to control its own affairs in his inaugural address? *

to assure the Southern states that they would make their own decisions about slavery

Why did the Union impose a naval blockade on the South during the Civil War?

to strangle the shipment of supplies to the Confederacy

What was the main objective of the plan described in General Scott's letter? *

to suffocate the South by controlling the Mississippi River and the Southern ports

Why was the proclamation issued as a military decree? *

to warn that Union forces would actively seek to free those that were enslaved

Which of the following terms describes General Grant's strategy for crushing the Confederacy after the Battle of Gettysburg? *

total war

This man accepted General Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia in 1865 *

ulysses s. grant

Who does this photograph depict? *

union soldier

During Reconstruction, groups such as the Ku Klux Klan... *

used violence to prevent freed people from voting

Abolitionists believed that slavery...

was morally wrong and wanted to end it

The Dred Scott decision stated that slaves... *

were the property of their owners