Cj 4 4.2 Epithelial Tissue

gap junction

allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells

simple columnar epithelium

tissue that consists of a single layer of column-like cells; promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs

simple cuboidal epithelium

tissue that consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells; promotes secretion and absorption in ducts and tubules

simple squamous epithelium

tissue that consists of a single layer of flat scale-like cells; promotes diffusion and filtration across surface

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract

stratified squamous epithelium

tissue that consists of multiple layers of cells with the most apical being flat scale-like cells; protects surfaces from abrasion

stratified columnar epithelium

tissue that consists of two or more layers of column-like cells, contains glands and is found in some ducts

stratified cuboidal epithelium

tissue that consists of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells, found in some ducts

endothelium

tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system, made up of a simple squamous epithelium

goblet cell

unicellular gland found in columnar epithelium that secretes mucous

tight junction

forms an impermeable barrier between cells

cell junction

point of cell-to-cell contact that connects one cell to another in a tissue

In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue? A. columnar B. stratified C. squamous D. transitional

A. columnar

The ________ exocrine gland stores its secretion until the glandular cell ruptures, whereas the ________ gland releases its apical region and reforms. A. holocrine; apocrine B. eccrine; endocrine C. apocrine; holocrine D. eccrine; apocrine

A. holocrine; apocrine

Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface and is found in airways and lining of the oviduct? A. transitional B. stratified columnar C. pseudostratified ciliated columnar D. stratified squamous

B. stratified columnar

Which of the following is the epithelial tissue that lines the interior of blood vessels? A. columnar B. pseudostratified C. simple squamous D. transitional

C. simple squamous

Where in the body would one find non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium?

The inside of the mouth, esophagus, vaginal canal, and anus.

The structure of a tissue usually is optimized for its function. Describe how the structure of the mucosa and its cells match its function of nutrient absorption.

The mucosa of the intestine is highly folded, increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption. A greater surface area for absorption allows more nutrients to be absorbed per unit time. In addition, the nutrient-absorbing cells of the mucosa have finger-like projections called microvilli that further increase the surface area for nutrient absorption.

transitional epithelium

form of stratified epithelium found in the urinary tract, characterized by an apical layer of cells that change shape in response to the presence of urine

mucous gland

group of cells that secrete mucous, a thick, slippery substance that keeps tissues moist and acts as a lubricant

serous gland

group of cells within the serous membrane that secrete a lubricating substance onto the surface

exocrine gland

group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to the skin or to internal body surfaces that lead to the exterior of the body

endocrine gland

groups of cells that release chemical signals into the intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to their target organs by blood

basement membrane

in epithelial tissue, a thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue; made up of the basal lamina and reticular lamina

reticular lamina

matrix containing collagen and elastin secreted by connective tissue; a component of the basement membrane

anchoring junction

mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane

apocrine secretion

release of a substance along with the apical portion of the cell

holocrine secretion

release of a substance caused by the rupture of a gland cell, which becomes part of the secretion

merocrine secretion

release of a substance from a gland via exocytosis

mesothelium

simple squamous epithelial tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes

apical

that part of a cell or tissue which, in general, faces an open space

basal lamina

thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates them from other tissues