CJ110 Exam 3 Review

An inmate's _______ level specifies the degree of precaution that needs to be taken when working with that inmate. A. custody B. security C. classification D. segregation

A. custody

Which of the following cases launched the prisoners' rights movement? A. Cooper v. Pate B. Johnson v. Avery C. Wolff v. McDonnell D. Bounds v. Smith

A. Cooper v. Pate

In the context of the reformatory movement, identify a true statement about the reformatory. A. It was based on a military model of regimentation and emphasized academic and vocational training in addition to work. B. It employed determinate sentences to facilitate greater control over inmates. C. It denied inmates any opportunity for a parole or an early release even when they showed favorable progress in reformation. D. It was designed for older, more hardened offenders between 31 and 45 years of age.

A. It was based on a military model of regimentation and emphasized academic and vocational training in addition to work.

Which of the following statements is true about correctional officers? A. They have considerable discretion in discharging their duties within the constraints of rules, regulations, and policies. B. They represent a minor percentage of staff members in prisons. C. They have clear and specific guidelines on how to exercise their discretion. D. They exist in isolation from the prison bureaucracy.

A. They have considerable discretion in discharging their duties within the constraints of rules, regulations, and policies.

What is the typical response to high crime and recidivism in the U.S.? A. To increase the use of imprisonment B. To expand the use of community corrections C. To direct more of the correctional budget to crime prevention programs D. To reduce prison crowding

A. To increase the use of imprisonment

Which of the following institutions is commonly regarded as the first state prison of the United States? A. Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia B. Auburn Penitentiary in New York C. Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia D. Charlestown State Prison in Massachusetts

A. Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia

Which of the following statements best describes the term parole? A. a way of being released from prison before the entire sentence has been served B. a type of sentence in which the offender must submit to intensive supervision in lieu of imprisonment C. a way of being released from prison before the entire sentence has been served and a type of sentence in which the offender must submit to intensive supervision in lieu of imprisonment D. None of the answers is correct.

A. a way of being released from prison before the entire sentence has been served

A pardon is a type of ______ in which the crime is erased and the offender's punishment ended. A. clemency B. parole C. commutation D. determinate release

A. clemency

The ________ is a theory that states that the inmate society arises as a response to the prison environment and the painful conditions of confinement. A. deprivation model B. tribunal model C. importation model D. crime control model

A. deprivation model

The ________ model holds that the inmate society is shaped by factors external to the prison environment—specifically, the preprison experiences and socialization patterns that inmates bring with them when they enter prison. A. importation B. indigenous origins C. prisonization D. deprivation

A. importation

What is a key goal of cognitive behavioral therapy? A. to teach offenders better problem-solving skills B. to improve institutional control over inmates C. provide crisis intervention services when needed D. to give inmates a way to occupy themselves

A. to teach offenders better problem-solving skills

The majority of jail inmates are A. unconvicted defendants waiting disposition of their case. B. juvenile offenders awaiting transfer to juvenile facilities. C. convicted offenders serving short terms of incarceration. D. federal offenders who are being housed in the jail because of crowding in the prison facilities.

A. unconvicted defendants waiting disposition of their case.

Which of the following best describes a medium-security state prison? A. A prison with very tight security, including high walls or razor-wire fencing surrounding the facility B. A prison that uses a combination of cell blocks and dormitory or barracks-type living quarters C. A prison that was constructed following the radial or telephone pole design D. A facility that has no fences surrounding the perimeter

B. A prison that uses a combination of cell blocks and dormitory or barracks-type living quarters

Totality-of-conditions cases usually claim that the prison violates which Amendment? A. Fifth B. Eighth C. Sixth D. Fourth

B. Eighth

Which of the following best describes the gleaning lifestyle? A. Inmates are mainly concerned with getting out of prison as quickly as possible B. Inmates are concerned with taking advantage of the resources available in prison to prepare for life after release C. Inmates are mainly concerned with achieving positions of influence in the inmate society D. Inmates want to avoid hard time

B. Inmates are concerned with taking advantage of the resources available in prison to prepare for life after release

Which of the following statements is true about the Pennsylvania system of confinement? A. It required that inmates work and eat together in silence during the day and be returned to solitary cells for the evening. B. It required that inmates be kept in solitary cells so that they could study religious writings, reflect on their misdeeds, and perform handicraft work. C. It prevailed over the New York system of confinement as a model followed by other states. D. It had a congregate work principle that was more congruent with the system of factory production emerging in wider society than was the separate system.

B. It required that inmates be kept in solitary cells so that they could study religious writings, reflect on their misdeeds, and perform handicraft work.

When compared with the overall U.S. population, which of the following statements is true of prison inmates in the United States? A. They are much more likely to be married. B. They are more likely to be diagnosed with serious psychological distress. C. They are much more likely to be educated. D. They are more likely to be older adults, over age 45.

B. They are more likely to be diagnosed with serious psychological distress.

The first maximum security federal prison was A. USP Leavenworth. B. USP Alcatraz. C. USP Lewisburg. D. the Chillicothe Reformatory.

B. USP Alcatraz.

The ________ is a set of values, norms, and roles that regulate the way inmates interact with one another and with prison staff. A. civil code B. convict code C. deprivation model D. importation model

B. convict code

Which category of prison inmates is increasing rapidly? A. white-collar offenders B. elderly inmates C. juvenile inmates D. young adults

B. elderly inmates

A ________ is a facility that holds convicted offenders and unconvicted persons for relatively short periods. A. lockup B. jail C. classification facility D. minimum-security prison

B. jail

Inmates skilled in legal matters are known as ________. A. snitches B. jailhouse lawyers C. hustlers D. lifers

B. jailhouse lawyers

A ________ is a very short-term (for instance, 24- to 48-hour) holding facility that is frequently located in or very near an urban police agency so that suspects can be held pending further inquiry into their cases by the police or the court. A. minimum-security prison B. lockup C. jail D. classification facility

B. lockup

The _______ model of corrections emphasized the use of psychological assessment and treatment. A. reformatory B. medical C. panopticon D. big house

B. medical

Mandatory release is similar to ________ in that persons let out under either arrangement ordinarily receive a period of community supervision. A. maxing out B. parole C. commutation D. determinate sentencing

B. parole

In prison, social victimization involves A. inmates being sexually victimized by prison staff. B. prejudice and discrimination against an inmate due to race, class, age, or other factors. C. subtle manipulation tactics and mind games. D. victimization on the sub-rosa economy.

B. prejudice and discrimination against an inmate due to race, class, age, or other factors.

Entering the ________ of a prison means finding in the diverse environment of the institution a niche that will accommodate an inmate's unique combination of needs. A. sub-rosa economy B. private culture C. boys' club D. public domain

B. private culture

Men's prisons are often distinguished from one another by ________. A. size B. security level C. the era in which they were built D. custody level

B. security level

Which of the following was the closest European forerunner of the modern U.S. prison? A. banishment B. workhouses C. transportation D. capital punishment

B. workhouses

Approximately ________ percent of all prison inmates will eventually be released from prison. A. 74 B. 86 C. 93 D. 66

C. 93

In the context of John Irwin's typology for summarizing imprisonment, which of the following statements is true about the contemporary violent prison? A. It emerged as penologists turned to the field of medicine as a model for their work and became the dominant type of prison in the 1950s. B. It was a walled prison with large cell blocks that contained stacks of three or more tiers of one- or two-man cells. C. It arose by default as the correctional institution faded and the fairness of coerced prison rehabilitation programming began to be challenged. D. It included all the treatment-program control mechanisms of the correctional institution.

C. It arose by default as the correctional institution faded and the fairness of coerced prison rehabilitation programming began to be challenged.

__________ is the process by which an inmate becomes socialized into the customs and principles of the inmate society. A. Restitution B. Allocution C. Prisonization D. Commutation

C. Prisonization

Criminologists Richard Hawkins and Geoffrey Alpert observe that the work of correctional officers is characterized by both ________. A. high pay and stimulus overload B. low turnover and boredom C. boredom and stimulus overload D. high turnover and high pay

C. boredom and stimulus overload

After offenders are sentenced to the custody of the department of corrections, they are usually first taken to a ________. A. medium-security prison B. jail C. classification facility D. minimum-security prison

C. classification facility

The results of research on recidivism have indicated that the factor most strongly related to the likelihood of rearrest is the offender's ________. A. socioeconomic status B. educational achievement C. prior arrest history D. family life and living conditions

C. prior arrest history

The majority of correctional officers in the U.S. work in ________. A. federal prisons B. local jails C. state prisons D. lockups

C. state prisons

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the inmate society in many women's prisons? A. the presence of interpersonal conflict B. the presence of interracial tension C. the presence of pseudofamilies D. an anti-staff mentality

C. the presence of pseudofamilies

Which of the following has research shown to be an advantage of direct-supervision jails? A. They provide a less stressful, more positive, and safer environment for inmates and staff. B. They enhance supervision by reducing the number of unsupervised areas. C. They reduce inmate violations for contraband possession, destruction of property, escapes, disrespecting officers and staff, suicides, and violence. D. All of the answers are correct.

D. All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following statements is true about a high percentage of lawsuits filed by inmates? A. They are judged valid and are therefore won in the trial stage. B. They are judged frivolous and are lost in the trial stage. C. They are judged valid but not taken to trial due to lack of funding. D. They are judged frivolous and are therefore dismissed.

D. They are judged frivolous and are therefore dismissed.

Which of the following is one of the newest forms of prison contraband? A. iPads B. sushi C. flat-screen televisions D. cell phones

D. cell phones

Most jail funding used is used for ____________. A. accommodations B. services C. educational and treatment programs D. custody and security

D. custody and security

Which of the following was a purpose of institutional confinement prior to the 1600s? A. punish offenders B. rehabilitate criminals C. incapacitate chronic offenders D. detain people awaiting trial

D. detain people awaiting trial

Inmates who adopt the ________ lifestyle are primarily concerned with getting out of prison as soon as possible and avoiding hard time in the process. A. gleaning B. public domain C. jailing D. doing time

D. doing time

One study on recidivism demonstrated that the inmates who adjusted most successfully to prison life ________ to life in the free community upon release. A. had the least difficulty adjusting B. adjusted slowly but most thoroughly C. adjusted better than others D. had the most difficulty adjusting

D. had the most difficulty adjusting

Which of the following terms is defined as the return to illegal activity after release from incarceration? A. restitution B. arraignment C. prisonization D. recidivism

D. recidivism

The ________ is the secret exchange of goods and services among inmates. A. placing out B. net widening C. tithing system D. sub-rosa economy

D. sub-rosa economy

Which of the following systems of confinement avoided the harmful psychological effects of total solitary confinement and allowed more inmates to be housed in less space because cells could be smaller? A. the Pennsylvania system B. the separate system C. the snitch system D. the Auburn system

D. the Auburn system