CJE 4610 Quiz 2

Which statement is true about circumstantial evidence?

It is also known as indirect evidence.

A defendant can be convicted of a crime with circumstantial evidence alone.

True

A person can be in custody and not under arrest.

True

Behavioral evidence identifies the type of person who likely committed a crime.

True

Police do not have to provide a suspect with their Miranda rights until an interrogation starts.

True

When a vehicle is impounded due to a parking violation, the police can legally conduct an inventory search of that vehicle without a warrant or probable cause that the vehicle contains evidence.

True

The most common exception to the search warrant requirement is ______.

consent

Probable cause is a set of facts that ______.

convinces a reasonable person that particular circumstances exist

The defense calls the defendant's coworker to the stand, who testifies that the defendant was at work at the time of the crime and later calls the defendant's supervisor, who produces the defendant's time sheet supporting the earlier testimony. The testimony of the supervisor is ______ evidence.

corroborative

The defense attorney has called three witnesses, all of whom have confirmed the defendant was not at the crime scene and that the defendant claimed to be innocent. Taken together, these three testimonies are ______ evidence.

cumulative

An eyewitness claims to have seen the defendant pour the contents of a bottle of pesticide in the victim's food. The eyewitness statement about this observation is ______ evidence that the defendant put poison in the victim's food.

direct

The police receive a handwritten confession to the crime and admit the letter as ______ evidence.

documentary

A witness testifies that before the victim passed away, they exclaimed the name of the primary suspect. Which exception to the hearsay rule is this?

dying declarations

A suspect is being questioned by the police about his whereabouts at 10:30 p.m. The suspect states that he was at home with a friend playing video games. This is ______ evidence.

exculpatory

A suspect is flushing drugs down a toilet and the police can hear and see them from outside the house. The police don't have a warrant. What warrantless search exception would allow the police to enter the house to stop the destruction of drugs?

exigent circumstances

Officers witness a suspect running into their house with stolen property. The officers follow them, obtain the stolen property, and arrest the suspect. The police did not have a warrant. What exception would allow for the police to enter the house to get the stolen property?

hot pursuit

In court, a suspect admits that they previously threatened to kill the victim. This threat represents ______ evidence that the defendant killed the victim.

inculpatory

The police engage in an illegal search of a suspect's car. During the search, the car owner tells detectives that they can find the gun used in the murder in the trunk. Though the search was initially illegal, the ______ exception will allow this gun to be admitted into evidence.

independent source

The prosecutor in a trial spends a long time establishing motive for the defendant, laying the groundwork to prove that the defendant had reason to want to commit the crime. The prosecutor is providing ______ evidence.

indirect

Police interrogate a suspect illegally. The suspect tells police the location of the body of a murder victim, which was in a location where police were planning to search. The court may allow the body to be admitted as evidence under the ______ exception.

inevitable discovery

What standard of proof is relevant in a civil case?

preponderance of the evidence

In order to justify an arrest, police always require ______.

probable cause

A lab runs the DNA of a suspect and confirms the DNA found at the scene of the crime matches the suspect's DNA. This is an example of ______ evidence.

real

The police have an arrest warrant but not a search warrant. When the officers arrest the suspect during a valid traffic stop, the suspect is in the back seat. The police then search the car for any evidence, find several incriminating items. What exception allows the police to search the car?

search incident to lawful arrest

A police officer follows up on a lead and records what he finds in the case file. The officer is filing a ______ report.

supplementary

A witness takes the stand and under oath claims to have seen the defendant leave the victim's apartment around the time of the crime. This statement is an example of ______ evidence.

testimonial

The chain of custody refers to ______.

the record of all individuals who had control over the evidence since its acquisition

Hearsay is most often excluded from court proceedings because it is considered ______.

unreliable

A car was reported in a drive-by shooting. The police pull over the car with a reasonable suspicion for having guns from the shooting. If no weapons are immediately visible and the driver does not cooperate with requests for search, what warrantless search exception would still allow the police to search the car for weapon?

vehicles

A search warrant allows police to enter a location and search anything to find criminal activity.

False

Fingerprints are always circumstantial evidence.

False

Report writing is not as important as investigation experience.

False

Research shows that the exclusionary rule deters police misconduct.

False

The gun used in a shooting is an example of demonstrative evidence.

False

Under search incident to lawful arrest, the police can legally search an entire house if the suspect who is arrested was within 60 feet of the house at the time of the arrest.

False