CL231 Ch 26

Water is forced through capillary walls by ____.

Water is forced through the capillary walls via filtration because the blood is under pressure as it enters the capillary.

The ________ valve has three cusps, is situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle, and prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts.

The tricuspid valve prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts.

The strongest blood vessels-those that can constrict or dilate the most-are ____.

Arteries are the strongest blood vessels.

Which of the following results in an increased blood pressure?

As cardiac output increases, blood pressure increases.

Chest pain caused by ____ generally occurs only during body movements.

Chest pain from sore muscles usually occurs only during body movements, and can be replicated, such as raising the arms.

Which of the following represents an error in technique when running an electrocardiogram?

Positioning the machine so that the power cord runs under the patient table

Which part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the lateral walls of the ventricles?

The Purkinje fibers are located in the lateral walls of the ventricles.

The ________ valve has two cusps and is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

The bicuspid valve has two cusps and is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Venules and arterioles are connected by ____.

Venules and arterioles are connected by capillaries.

A hardening of the fatty plaque deposits within the arteries is ________.

Atherosclerosis is a hardening of the fatty plaque deposits within the arteries that is usually associated with a high-cholesterol diet.

. When the ________ contracts, blood is pushed through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery trunk.

Contraction of the right ventricle pushes blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery trunk.

Which of the following causes chest pain only when someone pushes on the chest?

Costochondritis is an inflammation of the cartilage attached to the ribs. Pain generally occurs only when someone pushes on the patient's chest.

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart is called ________.

Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.

Fluid retention can cause swelling, or ________, in the legs or feet.

Fluid retention can cause edema in the legs or feet.

If chest pain follows a meal and increases when the patient bends over, it is generally due to ____.

Heartburn is a burning sensation that usually follows a meal and gets worse if the patient bends forward or tries to lie on his back.

Mrs. Landon has been diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Her cholesterol level is high, and the physician advised her to get more exercise and follow a low-fat diet. At her follow-up appointment, however, the physician tests her cholesterol level and it is still unacceptably high. Which of the following medications might you expect the physician to prescribe to help lower her cholesterol?

Lipitor and Mevacor are examples of common cholesterol-lowering drugs.

Which of the following decreases the heart rate?

Parasympathetic nerve stimulation generally keeps the heart rate relatively low.

Which of the following does not cause an increase in the heart rate?

Parasympathetic nerve stimulation generally keeps the heart rate relatively low.

Mr. Johnson is overweight and admits that he rarely gets any exercise. He smokes, even though the physician warned him to stop smoking after he had a myocardial infarction four years ago. He is in the office today complaining that he just doesn't feel well. He is experiencing nausea and is a little dizzy. You notice that his feet ankles seem swollen and his neck veins are prominent. For which of the following conditions might you expect the physician to test?

Signs and symptoms of CHF include prominent neck veins, fluid retention that causes swelling in the feet and legs, nausea, and dizziness, among others. Risk factors for CHF include a history of MI, lack of exercise, smoking, and being overweight.

The ____ valve prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.

The aortic semilunar valve is situated between the left ventricle and the aorta and prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.

The ________ valve is situated between the left ventricle and the aorta and prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.

The aortic valve prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.

Blood leaves the armpits through the ____ veins.

The axillary veins drain the armpit area.

The ____ vein removes blood from the thorax and abdomen.

The azygos vein drains the thorax and abdomen.

Which valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle?

The bicuspid valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

The bundle branches carry the electrical impulse to the ____.

The bundle branches carry the electrical impulse to the Purkinje fibers.

Which component of the conduction system is located between the ventricles?

The bundle of His is located between the ventricles of the heart.

The cardiac control center responds to ____.

The cardiac control center controls blood pressure by increasing or decreasing the heart rate.

Gluteal areas are served by the ____ veins.

The iliac veins drain the pelvic organs, legs, and gluteal areas.

The ____ lies directly on the heart.

The innermost layer of the pericardium is the visceral pericardium, which forms the outer layer of the heart wall.

The atria are separated from each other by a walled membrane known as the ________.

The interatrial septum separates the atria of the heart.

Which arteries supply blood to the rib area?

The intercostal arteries supply blood to the rib area.

The ____ vein is the major vein in the legs.

The legs are drained by the saphenous veins.

The blood supply for the teeth comes from the ____ artery.

The maxillary artery provides the blood supply for the teeth, jaw, and eyelids.

Which of the following veins drains the intestines?

The mesenteric vein carries blood from the intestines to the liver.

The ____ vein takes blood to the liver from the intestines.

The mesenteric vein is part of the hepatic portal system and carries blood from the intestines to the liver.

The ________ circuit is the route that blood takes from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart again.

The pulmonary circuit, or pulmonary circulation, is the route blood takes from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart again.

The ____ valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.

The pulmonary semilunar valve is situated between the right ventricle and the trunk of the pulmonary arteries.

The ________ valve prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle. It is called a semilunar valve because its cusps are shaped like a half moon.

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle.

Which of the following valves prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle?

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle.

The pulmonary trunk branches into the left and right ________ , which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

The pulmonary trunk branches into the left and right pulmonary arteries.

The ________ veins empty oxygenated blood into the left atrium.

The pulmonary veins empty oxygenated blood into the left atrium.

The pulmonary veins empty the oxygenated blood into the _______ .

The pulmonary veins empty the oxygenated blood into the left atrium.

Which part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the wall of the right atrium?

The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the wall of the right atrium.

Which part of the cardiac conduction system is known as the pacemaker of the heart?

The sinoatrial (SA) node is the primary pacemaker of the heart.

The _________ circuit is the route blood takes from the heart through the body and back to the heart.

The systemic circuit, or systemic circulation, is the route blood takes from the heart through the body and back to the heart.

The ____ arteries supply blood to the forearm and hand.

The ulnar and radial arteries supply blood to the forearm and hand.

The ________ separates the ventricles.

The ventricles are separated by the interventricular septum.

The ventricles of the heart are separated by the ________ septum.

The ventricles of the heart are separated by the interventricular septum.

Which of the following can cause longer-than-normal heart contractions?

Titanic, or longer-than-normal, heart contractions can be caused by a high blood concentration of calcium ions.

The ____ are small vessels that carry deoxygenated blood.

Venules are small vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the capillaries to the veins.

When the ________ contracts, blood is pushed through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta.

When the left ventricle contracts, blood is pushed through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta.

When the ventricles relax, blood pressure in arteries is at its lowest. This pressure is called the ________ pressure.

When the ventricles relax, blood pressure in arteries is at its lowest. This pressure is called the diastolic pressure or diastole.

How many leads are there on a standard electrocardiogram?

12

Which of the following causes arrhythmia when elevated?

A high concentration of potassium ions in the blood causes an arrhythmia.

What are artifacts?

Additional electrical activity picked up by the electrocardiograph

After the impulse flows through the ________, the ventricles contract and the SA node starts the flow of a new impulse.

After the cardiac impulse flows through the Purkinje fibers, the ventricles contract and the SA node starts the flow of a new impulse.

A disposable electrode is held in place by:

An adhesive backing on the electrode

A bulge or weak area in the wall of the aorta is called an aortic ________.

An aneurysm is a ballooned, weakened arterial wall.

Which of the following causes of chest pain is heart-related?

Angina is caused by a narrowing of the coronary arteries.

The ____ are small vessels that carry oxygenated blood.

Arterioles are small branches of arteries.

The blood pressure is regulated partly by ________, which measure blood pressure and are located in the aorta and carotid arteries.

Baroreceptors located in the aorta and carotid arteries help regulate blood pressure.

Blood enters the ________ from the left ventricle to be distributed throughout the body.

Blood leaves the left ventricle through the aortic semilunar valve and enters the aorta to be distributed throughout the body.

The ____ valve is also known as the mitral valve.

The bicuspid valve is also known as the mitral or left atrioventricular valve.

The ____ have walls that are one cell thick.

Capillaries have walls that are only about one cell layer thick.

57. Blood that is low in oxygen and rich in carbon dioxide enters the ________ of the heart.

Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium of the heart through the venae cavae.

When the right ventricle contracts, deoxygenated blood is pushed through the pulmonary semilunar valve into a larger artery called the ________ .

Deoxygenated blood moves from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk.

An electrocardiogram is a recording of the:

Electrical activity of the heart

A consistent resting blood pressure measured at 140/90 mm Hg or higher is diagnosed as ________.

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is defined as a consistent resting blood pressure measured at 140/90 mm Hg or higher.

A person's blood pressure is a reflection of ____.

In the clinical setting, blood pressure refers to the pressure in arteries.

Myocardial infarctions result from ____.

Myocardial infarction is caused by the complete blockage of one or more coronary arteries, resulting in obstruction of blood to the heart.

Mr. Jackson is being seen in the urgent care center where you work because of severe chest pain. He says the pain is sharp and severe and gets worse when he coughs or breathes in. He is afraid he is having a heart attack. Based on these symptoms, you might suspect that he has

Pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening condition that occurs when a blood clot blocks an artery in the lungs. Pain is sharp and severe and increases when the patient inhales deeply or coughs.

Which part of the cardiac conduction system receives the impulse from the SA node?

The AV node receives the impulse started by the SA node.

The cusps of valves are anchored by cordlike structures called ________ _________ to bumps of cardiac muscle called papillary muscles.

The cusps of valves are anchored to cardiac muscle by chordae tendineae.

Which of these layers of the heart wall contains Purkinje fibers?

The endocardium contains the Purkinje fibers and other parts of the cardiac electrical conduction system.

The ____ is thin and smooth and is the innermost layer of the heart.

The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart; it is thin and very smooth.

Which layer of the heart is the outermost layer, which contains fat to cushion the heart?

The epicardium, which contains fat to cushion the heart, is the outermost layer.

The ____ artery supplies the thigh.

The femoral artery supplies the thigh.

Karyn has been having episodes of tachycardia (rapid heartbeat) associated with her congestive heart failure. The physician offers to give her a prescription for a medication to help slow the heart, but Karyn does not want to add "yet another" medication to those she is already taking. Which of the following options might help Karyn control the rapid heartbeat without medication?

Vagal maneuvers such as holding the breath, straining, or putting one's face in cool water can help slow the heart rate.

Which of the following does not decrease the blood pressure?

Vasoconstriction increases blood pressure.

Veins of the body pick up oxygen-poor blood and empty it into the superior and inferior ________ .

Veins throughout the body pick up oxygen-poor blood and empty it into the venae cavae

If an embolus blocks a cerebral artery, the result may be a(n) ________, or stroke.

cerebrovascular accident or CVA If an embolus blocks a cerebral artery, a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke, may result.

Body cells surrounding capillaries usually have a ____.

low oxygen concentration