Client Interviews and Assessments

Which of the following environmental testing conditions can most confound results of a physiologic assessment? An ambient air temperature of 96 degrees Fahrenheit An ambient air temperature of 80 degrees Fahrenheit Time of day being 10 am Time of day being 7 pm

A - Given physiologic assessments consist of measuring vital signs, environmental factors that influence the body's hemodynamics should be taken into account. Time of day would not inherently affect this, however temperature may. If ambient temperature is much higher than core body temperature (96 degrees Fahrenheit) then heart rate among other measures will be affected. 80 degrees Fahrenheit is close enough to core body temperature that it would not meaningfully influence physiology in a way that confounds the assessment.

You have been working with Judy for 1 month now. Her initial goals were to gain strength in her lower body and you have been working on body weight squats and lunges. She can perform 3 sets of 15 squats without a struggle. What is the best course of action to continue to increase her lower body strength significantly? a. Continue with the program as it is. check b. Add resistance to her squats and lunges. c. Increase the number of squats to 20 repetitions per set. d. Discontinue the squats and lunges until she finds them difficult again.

B-Adding resistance is the next step in strength increase. This will produce significant results in lower body strength as opposed to increasing repetitions.

When prescribing static stretches during a resistance training workout, when should the static stretches be performed? a. Immediately before the workout b. Between exercises during the workout c. Immediately following the workout d. Both before and after the workout

C- Static stretches should not be performed before or during a workout given they inhibit the myotatic reflex and reduce performance. Performing static stretches post workout when muscles are warm will allow flexibility to increase without compromising workout quality.

A 23 year old female client wants to begin a resistance training program with you to optimize her health and wellbeing, while building muscle. Which intensity prescription should you focus on? a. 30-50% 1RM b. 50-60% 1RM c. 60-70% 1RM d. 70-80% 1RM

C-According to prescription guidelines, this is the ideal range for this type of client to build muscle and is the best of the options listed. The client being female does not impact prescription recommendations.

Saying things like, "I understand, 125 feels like your ideal weight." Is an example of which positive listening skill? a. Encouraging b. Planning c. Questioning d. Paraphrasing

D- Paraphrasing is a great way to show the client that you are listening as well as to make sure you are hearing what they are saying correctly.

According to the ACE Integrated Fitness Training Model, what step in the training process best follows the testing of resting measures such as heart rate and blood pressure? Core Function Balance . Static Posture Health Related Assessments

It is considered best to test a client's static posture after taking resting measures but before getting into training.

Which of the following is an example of what is generally measured in a physiologic assessment? Resting vital signs. Joint flexibility Psychological mood Both resting vital signs and joint flexibility

Psychological mood is not measured in a physiologic assessment given it is a psychometric variable. However, resting vital signs (such as heart rate and blood pressure) as well as joint flexibility are measured.

What can submaximal cycle ergometer testing predict? VO2max Body Mass Index Body Fat Percent All of the above

Submax cycle ergometer testing is a form of graded exercise test and not able to assess body composition, height, or weight. It is typically used to predict values of physiological variables at maximal exercise, like VO2max. VO2max is the greatest amount of oxygen an individual can consume per minut

In what stage of the client-trainer relationship are health-history and lifestyle questionnaires administered? Rapport Stage Investigation Stage Planning Staged Action Stage

The investigation stage - it occurs between the rapport stage and planning stage, and is typically when a trainer will ask a client to fill out a health-history or lifestyle questionnaire.

Kristin is in for her second session and you are conducting fitness assessments. While you are checking her body fat percentage you ask her about types of exercise she prefers to do. What stage of the client-trainer relationship are you in with Kristin? Rapport Stage Planning Stage Investigation Stage Action Stage

This is an example of gathering information, which you should do before the planning stage. This is part of the investigation stage.

Which method of feedback on exercise difficulty should you discuss with your client during the initial interview? a. The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale b. The Naughton Protocol c. The Duke Nomogram d. The Karvonen Method

a- The only method of feedback listed is the Borg scale. This scale is used to measure the perceived difficulty of exercises and can help gauge relative intensity of movements. This is important to cover with a client during the initial interview because it is an informative feedback tool. The Naughton protocol is designed for GXT performance. The Duke Nomogram is a normative rating scale for physiological parameters that predicts morbidity. The Karvonen method is a method of predicting max heart rate based on age.

Which of the following is typically considered by clients to be the most important factor in creating a positive first impression? a. A trainer who is in good shape. b. A trainer who communicates well. c. A trainer who offers to listen to his or her home-life problems. d. A trainer who has good posture and appears sure of themselves.

b.Based on study of client-feedback, the most important aspect of a good first impression consisted of a trainer listening and being genuinely interested in what they had to say.

A 38 year old male client wants to improve his body composition, and comes to you for assistance. He works 60 hours a week in a high stress job and is also a father of a young baby. Due to this, the client has limited availability for training and can only meet twice per week with you to train. Which of the following is most helpful in achieving his goals for you prescribe? a. Two days per week of aerobic training b. Two days of circuit resistance training c. Two days of resistance training with low reps and high workloads d. One day of aerobic training, and one day of resistance training with heavy loads

b.Training with heavy or high work-loads and low reps will primarily help increase muscular strength, and not facilitate much change in body composition. Similarly, aerobic training can help increase total daily energy expenditure making fat loss easier, but it is not the best choice given it does not promote an improvement in body composition through increasing fat free mass. Circuit training both promotes hypertrophy and increases total daily energy expenditure, helping improve body composition in multiple ways and making it the best choice.

A 55 year old sedentary man, with a family history of smoking and diabetes mellitus comes to your studio, looking for a personal trainer. However, he states during his health history evaluation that he has no signs or symptoms of cardiovascular disease. Which risk category for cardiovascular disease would he fall under? Low. Moderate High. Very High

moderate-Given the individual has 2 or more risk factors for cardiovascular disease, but is asymptomatic with no past history of cardiovascular disease, he is placed in the moderate category. If an individual has less than 2 risk factors they will be placed in the low risk category. If they are symptomatic or have a history of cardiovascular disease they are placed in the high category. The very high category does not exist.

Your client tells you that he understands that his family has a history of heart disease and that being overweight can increase his risk for such conditions. He is still wary of beginning any kind of exercise program and says that he has never had any weight loss success in the past. According to the Theoretical Model of Behavioral Change, what stage of change is your client in? Contemplation Preparation Precontemplation. Action

precontemplation phase people are beginning to understand the implications of being inactive, but are not quite ready to commit to a change yet.

In which stage of the Theoretical Model of Behavior Change is a client ready to adopt and live a healthy lifestyle? Contemplation Preparation. Precontemplation Action

preparation- A person in the preparation phase may be somewhat sporadic in their activity level, but is ready to make the change to a healthy lifestyle.

Dan is a new client whom you are meeting with for the first time today. He will most likely be evaluating you as a trainer through both your verbal and non-verbal communication. What stage of the client-trainer relationship are you in with Dan? Planning Stage Action Stage Rapport Staged Investigation Stage

rapport stage When you are first meeting a client and verbal and non-verbal communication are extremely important to consider, you are in the rapport stage.

Which of the following movements should be performed first on an upper body day in a resistance training program? a. Barbell biceps curl b. Barbell lying triceps extension c. Barbell bench press d. Barbell back squat

C-When sequencing movements in a resistance training program, compound multi joint movements should be performed before single joint movements. Both the barbell biceps curl and barbell lying triceps extension are single joint movements for the upper body, meaning they should not be performed first. The barbell back squat is a lower body movement meaning it should not be performed on this training day. The only listed compound upper body movement is the barbell bench press.

Which of the following is an example of a good open-ended question? a. Do you feel that you are ready to begin a fitness program? b. Do you have any questions about personal training? c. Are there any exercises that you dislike? d. What made you decide to pursue personal training?

D- Any question that requires an answer other than "yes" or "no" is an open-ended question and keeps the conversation going.

What is an example of non-verbal communication? a. Tone of voice. b. Facial expression. c. Body language. d. All of the above. e. Both B and C only

D- Tone of voice, facial expressions and body language can all effect how a client views and hears you, regardless of what you are saying.

A client wants to increase the strength of her upper back muscles. Which of the following exercises will help the least with this goal? a. The barbell bent over row b. The barbell high pull c. The face pull check d. The seated machine back extension

D-The face pull and barbell bent over row involve training the rhomboids and rear deltoids, among other upper back muscles. The barbell high pull is driven by the upper trapezius, which is a muscle of the upper back. The seated machine back extension is driven by the erector spinae and other lower back muscles, with none of its agonists being anatomically located on the upper back.

During initial assessments, a client's pulse can be manually taken at all of the following locations except: a. Radial artery b. Carotid artery c. Dorsalis pedis d. Pulmonary artery

D-The pulmonary artery is a deep artery and cannot be palpated manually. The other three are superficial and can thus be felt and measured by the hands.