Clinical Exercise ASU masters exam

If the same 55-kilogram woman also trains on a Monark arm ergometer at 60rpm against a resistance of 1.5 kilo ponds. What is her absolute VO2? -0.774 L/min -0.840 L/min -1.52 L/min -773.0 ml/min

0.840 L/min

In terms of chronological age, early childhood is usually described as -Birth to 3 weeks -7 to 10 years -1 to 6 years -3 weeks to 1 year

1 to 6 years

An ideal weight-loss program should be a goal of __ pounds per week, with an energy intake of not less than __ kcal/day. -3-5, 1,500 -none of the above -1-2, 1,200 -10, 1,600

1-2, 1,200

An ideal weight-loss program should be a goal of __ pounds per week, with an every intake of not less than __ kcal/day. -none of the above -10, 1,600 - 1-2, 1,200 -3-5, 1,500

1-2, 1,200

A 143-pound woman regularly exercises on a treadmill at a speed of 5.5 mph and a 2% elevation. What is her caloric expenditure? -25.47 kcal/min -11.58 kcal/min -6.78 kcal/min -20.85 kcal/min

11.58 kcal/min

A 143-pound woman regularly exercises on a treadmill at a speed of 5.5mph and a 2% elevation. What is her caloric expenditure? -11.58kcal/min -25.47 kcal/min -6.78 kcal/min -20.85 kcal/min

11.58kcal/min

Using the original Borg scale, it is recommended that the exercise intensity elicit an RPE within the range of -6 to 10 - 14 to 18 -8 to 12 - 12 to 16

12 to 16

A 70-kg client is running on a treadmill aA 70-kg client is running on a treadmill at 5 mph and a 5% grade. What is caloric expenditure rate? -1.271kcal/min -3.633 kcal/min -36.33 kcal/min -12.7 kcal/min

12.7 kcal/min

What is the relative YO2 of walking on a treadmill at 3.5 mph and a 0% grade? -22.26 mL x kg-1 x min-1 -9.38 mL x kg-1 x min-1 -18.76 mL x kg-1 x min-1 -12.88 mL x kg-1 x min-1

12.88 mL x kg-1 x min-1

If a healthy young man exercises at an intensity of 45 mL. kg-1.min -1 three times per week for 45 minutes each session, how long would it take him to lose 10 pounds of fat? -4 weeks -16.5 weeks -19 weeks -7.14 weeks

16.5 weeks

As a result of exercise training, cardiac output becomes -Essentially unchanged at any given workload -Higher at any given workload -Lower at any given workload -Diminished because of reduced SV

Essentially unchanged at any given workload

Which of the following statements regarding exercise for persons with controlled cardiovascular disease is TRUE? -Anginal pain is normal during exercise, and participants should be pushed through the pain -Resistance exercise training is dangerous and should be avoided -Exercise intensity should be set at an HR of 10 bpm less than the level at which signs/symptoms were evidenced during an exercise test -A physician-supervised exercise test is not necessary to establish exercise intensity.

Exercise intensity should be set at an HR of 10 bpm less than the level at which signs/symptoms were evidenced during an exercise test

Documentation offers important -Liability and negligence protection -Billing and classification tools -Safety and communication programs -Liability and risk protection

Liability and negligence protection

Which of the following manifestations would be an indication for stopping an exercise test? -Low cholesterol (<125 mol) -Low blood sugar (< mg/dL) -Diastolic BP greater than 105 mmHg -Intermittent premature ventricular contractions.

Low blood sugar (< mg/dL)

A client must be given specific instructions for the days preceding a fitness assessment. Which of the following is NOT a necessary instruction to a client for a fitness assessment? -men and women should be instructed to get an adequate amount of sleep the night before the assessment -clients should avoid strenuous exercise or physical activity on the day of the test -Men and women should avoid liquids for 12 hours before the test -clients should be instructed to avoid alcohol, tobacco products, or caffeine at least 3 hours before the test.

Men and women should avoid liquids for 12 hours before the test

The anaerobic threshold occurs at the onset of -Aerobic metabolism -Oxidative Phosphorylation -Metabolic acidosis -Maximal oxygen consumption

Metabolic acidosis

Following termination of a stress test, a 12-lead ECG is -Monitored immediately, then every 1 to 2 minutes until exercise-induced changes are at a baseline. -Monitored immediately only -Monitored immediately, then at 2 and 5 minutes after the test -Monitored and recorded only if any signs or symptoms arise during recovery

Monitored immediately, then every 1 to 2 minutes until exercise-induced changes are at a baseline.

An equipment maintenance plan should include -a floor plan - a document that records maintenance and repair history -temperature and humidity readings -a client advisory statement

a document that records maintenance and repair history

Which of the following is a method of strength and power training that involves an eccentric loading of muscles and tendons followed immediately by an explosive concentric contraction? -Splint routines -Super sets -Periodization -Plyometrics

Plyometrics

Emergency procedures should be -Given to all clients when they join -Posted above each fire extinguisher -Posted under each phone -Put away in a safe place

Posted under each phone

Osteoporosis is more prevalent in -Women who are involved in activities that place stress on the wrists, hips, or lumbosacral region -Women who have never been pregnant -African American women -Postmenopausal women

Postmenopausal women

Which of the following describes a normal postexercise blood pressure (BP) response? -progressive increase in SBP -Elevated systolic and diastolic values compared to pre participation values -Progressive decline in SBP -Exaggerated decrease in DBP

Progressive decline in SBP

Slow conduction in the AV node is associated with - shortened QT interval - Prolonged PR interval - Elevated ST segment - prolonged QRS interval

Prolonged PR interval

The concept of shaping refers to -using self-monitoring techniques (e.g. exercise logs) -the process for establishing self-efficacy - setting intermediate goals that lead to a long-term goal -using visual prompts (e.g. packing a gym bag the night before) as reminders to exercise

Setting intermediate goals that lead to a long-term goal

In an effort to improve flexibility, the ACSM recommends -The plough and hurder's stretches -Static stretchers held for 10 to 30 seconds per repetition -Propioceptive neuromuscular facilitation -Ballistic stretching

Static stretchers held for 10 to 30 seconds per repetition

Which of the following is a resistive lung disease? -Cycstic fibrosis -Tuberculosis -Emphysema -Asthma

Tuberculosis

In developing an emergency plan, program administrations must take into account all of the following factors EXCEPT -Ventilation, temperature, and humidity -Type of flooring -Types of exercise equipment -Type of electrical wiring

Types of exercise equipment

A target HR equivalent to 85% of HRR for a 25-year-old male with a resting HR of 75 bpm would be equal to -102 bpm -166 bpm -195 bpm -177 bpm

177 bpm

What resistance would you set a cycle ergometer at if your 80-kg client needs to train at 60 METs? Assume a 50 rpm cycling cadence. -0.25 pounds -0.45 pounds - 1.5 kg -2.07 kg

2.07 kg

A client is walking on a treadmill at 3.4 mph and a 5% grade. What is her VO2 in relative terms? -11.9 mL x kg-1 x min-1 -20.81 mL x kg-1 x min-1 -24 mL x kg-1 x min-1 -9.11 mL x kg-1 x min-1

20.81 mL x kg-1 x min-1

What is the relative VO2 of running on a treadmill at 5.5 mph and a 12% grade? -29.48 L x kg-1 x min-1 - 47.2 ml x kg-1 x min-1 -48.9 ml x kg-1 x min-1 -45.4 ml x kg-1 x min-1

48.9 ml x kg-1 x min-1

Which of the following is the one true statement concerning the surgical treatment of CAD? - Atherocetomy is a prerequisite required for PTCA - A coronary artery stent carries a lower rate of restenosis than does PTCA - Venous grafts are significantly superior to arterial grafts in terms of patency - long-term outcomes of labor angioplasty is unknown and thus, rarely used.

A coronary artery stent carries a lower rate of restenosis than does PTCA

All of the following risk factors for CAD can be modified by a regular and appropriate exercise training program EXCEPT -Hypertension -Advancing age -Diabetes Mellitis -HDL cholesterol

Advancing age

The energy to perform long-term exercise (> or = 15 min) comes primarily from -none of the above -anaerobic metabolism -aerobic metabolism -a combination of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, with anaerobic metabolism producing the bulk of ATP

Aerobic metabolism

An individual would not increase self-efficacy by -verbal persuasion -a decisional balance sheet -vicarious experience -performance accomplishments

a decisional balance sheet

An embolism -Is an outward bulging of the ventricular wall -Can be triggered by a chemical mediator (e.g., histamine) -Can increase pulmonary vascular resistance -Is excessive fluid retention

Can increase pulmonary vascular resistance

Which of the following are byproducts of aerobic metabolism? - carbon dioxide and water -hydrogen and oxygen -oxygen and water -ATP and oxygen

Carbon dioxide and water

All of the following musculoskeletal changes typically occur with advancing age EXCEPT -inhibited range of motion -decreased flexibility -impaired balance -skeletal muscle hypertrophy

skeletal muscle hypertrophy

Which of the following diseases is NOT typically associated with obesity? -skin cancer -diabetes -colon cancer -coronary artery disease

skin cancer

Beyond the general safety parameters, such as keeping equipment in good repair, a facility must create a safe environment for any individual, especially - health care providers - staff -special populations -guest clients

special populations

Appropriate exercises for improving the strength of the low back muscles are -sit-ups with feet anchored -straight leg lifts -parallel squats -spinal extension exercises

spinal extension exercises

The law of inertia -States that the production of any force will create another force that will be opposite and equal to the first force. -States that the driving force of the body is doubled and that the rate of acceleration is also doubled -states that a body at rest tends to remain at rest, whereas a body in motion tends to continue to stay in motion with consistent speed and in the same direction unless acted on by an outside force. -States that the velocity of a body is changed only when acted on by an additional force

states that a body at rest tends to remain at rest, whereas a body in motion tends to continue to stay in motion with consistent speed and in the same direction unless acted on by an outside force.

In an effort to improve flexibility, the ACSM recommends -static stretchers held for 10 to 30 seconds per repetition -proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation -the plough and hurder's stretches -Ballistic stretching

static stretchers held for 10 to 30 seconds per repetition

When a motor unit is stimulated by a single nerve impulse, it responds by contracting one time and then relaxing. This is called a -twitch -summary -tetanus -summation

twitch

If an individual is in the action stage, he or she -Has been physically active on a regular basis for less than 6 months -Participates in some exercise, but does so irregularly -Has been physically active on a regular basis for more than 6 months -Intends to start exercising in the next 6 month

-Has been physically active on a regular basis for less than 6 months

A 143-pound woman regularly exercises on a treadmill at a speed of 5.5 mph and a 2% elevation. How much weight will she lose weekly if she exercises for a duration of 45 minutes per session, with a frequency of three sessions per week? -0.25 pounds -2.07 kg -0.45 pounds -1.5 kg

0.45 pounds

A 55-kilogram woman trains on a cycle ergometer by pedaling at 60 rpm against a resistance of 1.5 rpm against a resistance of 1.5 kiloponds. What is her absolute YO2? - 3.62 L/min - 3600 ml/min -2.47 L.min - 1.36 L/min

1.36 L/min

A 110-pound female pedals a Monark cycle ergometer at 50 rpm against a resistance of 2.5 kilo ponds. Calculate her absolute Vo2 -1.7 L/min -300 ml/min -750 ml/min -1.25 ml/min

1.7 L/min

Athletes may have protein needs greater than those of sedentary individuals. What level of protein intake is the recommended UL for athletes? -1.7 g/kg -0.8 g/kg -2.2 g/kg -1.4 g/kg

1.7 g/kg

A 110-pound female pedals a Monark cycle ergometer at 50 rpm against a resistance of 2.5 kiloponds. Calculate her absolute VO2 -300 mL/min -1.25L/min -1.7L/min -750mL/min

1.7L/min

What is an appropriate initial weight loss goal for an obese individual desiring weight reduction? -20 pounds in 2 months -10% initial body weight in the first 6 months -BMI of less than 18.5 -5 pounds per week for the first 6 weeks, then weight maintenance

10% initial body weight in the first 6 months

A 150-pound male sets the treadmill speed at 5.0 mph and a 5% grade. Calculate his MET value. - 10.45 METs - 12.25 METs - not enough information given to answer the question - 36.57 METs

10.45 METs

What is a subject's work rate in watts if he pedals on a Monark cycle ergometer at 50 rpm at a resistance of 2.0 kiloponds? - 50W -100W -300W -200W

100W

A client with angina exhibits symptoms and a 1 mm, down sloping ST-segment depression at a HR of 120 BPM on his exercise test. His peak exercise target HR should be at -128 bpm -125 to 128 bpm -129 bpm -109 to 119 bpm

109 to 119 bpm

How much weight will a woman lose in 26 weeks if she integrates a 1-mile walk, taken three times per week, into her weight loss program? -6 pounds -3 pounds -15 pounds -11 pounds

11 pounds

What is the relative oxygen cost of bench stepping at a rate of 24 steps per minute on a 10 inch stepping box? The individual weighs 140 pounds. -14.61 mL x kg-1 x min-1 -12.90 mL x kg-1 x min-1 -16.41 mL x kg-1 x min-1 -22.89 mL x kg1 x min-1

22.89 mL x kg1 x min-1

What stepping rate should a client use if she wishes to exercise at 5 METs? The step box is 6 inches high, and the client weighs 50 kg. - 96 steps per minute -25 steps per minute -32 steps per minute -12 steps per minute

25 steps per minute

What is the relative VO2 of walking on a treadmill at 3.5 mph and a 10% grade? -18.17 mL x kg-1 x min-1 -27.96 mL x kg-1 x min-1 -29.76 mL x kg-1 x min-1 - 181.72 mL x kg-1 x min-1

29.76 mL x kg-1 x min-1

To lose one pound (=0.5 kg) of body fat, how much of an energy deficit must be created by diet and/or physical activity? -2,000 kcal -3,000 kcal -3,500 kcal -2,500 kcal

3,500 kcal

What is the MET equivalent to level walking on a treadmill at 3.0 mph? -2.30 METs -5.99 METs -3.30 METs -3.02 METs

3.30 METs

What is the MET equivalent to level walking on a treadmill at 3.0 mph? -5.99 METs -2.30 METs -3.02 METs -3.30 METs

3.30 METs

The recommended cardiorespiratory exercise training goal for apparently healthy individuals should be -60 minutes, three times per week, at 85% of HRR -30 minutes, three times per week, at 85% of HRR -15 minutes, six times per week, at 90% of HRR -30 minutes of weight training, three times per week, at 60% of HRR

30 minutes, three times per week, at 85% of HRR

In atrial flutter, the stimulation rate is approximately - 125 bpm -75 bpm -300 bpm -200 bpm

300 bpm

What is the relative VO2 of running on a treadmill at 6.5 mph and a 0% grade? -34.48 mL x kg-1 x min-1 -34.84 mL x kg-1 x min-1 -43.83 mL x kg-1 x min-1 -38.34 mL x kg-1 x min-1

38.34 mL x kg-1 x min-1

Carbohydrate, protein, and fat provide which of the following amounts of energy (kcal/g)? -4, 4, and 9 respectively -4, 6, and 8 respectively -6, 8, and 9 respectively -2, 4, and 6 respectively

4, 4, and 9 respectively

Which of the following waist circumference measurements indicates abdominal obesity? -43 inches - >29.9 - all of these -0.98

43 inches

For optimal cardiovascular as well as balance and flexibility adaptations, an elderly person generally should exercise how many days per week? -1 -2 -5 to 7 -3

5 to 7

The recommended cardiorespiratory endurance exercise training program for older individuals should be -50% to 70% of HRR, 20 to 30 minutes continuously, 3 days per week -50% to 70% of HRR, 20 to 30 minutes (multiple sessions of 5-10 min), 3 days per week -40% to 60% of maximal HR, 20 to 30 minutes continuously, 3 days per week -40% to 60% of maximal Hr, 20 to 30 minutes (multiple sessions of 5-10 min), 3 days per week

50% to 70% of HRR, 20 to 30 minutes (multiple sessions of 5-10 min), 3 days per week

How many calories will a 110-pound woman expend if she pedals on a Monark cycle ergometer at 50rpm against a resistance of 2.5 kilo pounds for 60 minutes? -3,500 calories -31.28 calories -510 calories -12.87 calories

510 calories

At what running speed would you set a level treadmill at to elicit a VO2 of 40 mL x kg-1 x min-1? - 18.25 mph -6.8 mph -18.25 m/min -5.0 mph

6.8 mph

During calibration of a treadmill, the belt length was found to be 5.5 m. It took 1 minute and 40 seconds for the belt to travel 20 revolutions. What is the treadmill speed? -110 m/min -66 m/min -79 m/min -4 m/min

66 m/min

If a 70-kg man runs on a treadmill at 8 mph and 0% grade for 45 minutes, what is his caloric expenditure? -1,067.07 calories -392.19 calories -not enough information to answer the question -730.48 calories

730.48 calories

The appropriate exercise HR for an individual on blocking mediation would generally be -30bpm above the standing resting HR -40% of HRR -75% of HRR -(220-age) X 0.85

75% of HRR

A 35-year-old woman reduces her caloric intake by 1,200 kcal per week. How much weight will she lose in 26 weeks? -8.9 pounds - 34.3 pounds -12.0 pounds -26 pounds

8.9 pounds

If total daily caloric consumption is 2,400 kcal and the total fat in that diet is 30%, how many grams of fat per day would be consumed? -75 -70 -90 -80

80

What is OSHA? -A state agency that licenses medical facilities. -A federal agency that sets standards for staff and patient safety. -A state agency that inspects emergency protocols within medical facilities. -An agency that certifies a managed care organization

A federal agency that sets standards for staff and patient safety.

What is the optimal approach for long-term management of body weight? -Daily aerobic exercise -A low-fat, high-fiber diet and daily physical activity -Hypocaloric diet -Resistance training

A low-fat, high-fiber diet and daily physical activity

Establishing specific expectations of what you are willing to do as a counselor and staying focused on exercise/physical activity issues and behavioral skills related to exercise are strategies for handling which type of client? -A hostile Client -A shy Client -A dissatisfied client -A needy client

A needy client

Which of the following statements about injury reporting is NOT correct? -Injury reporting forms must be kept under lock and key, just like data records -A process for injury reporting, backed up with a form, should be developed -A physician should sign every injury report form that is filed -The process to be used and the accompanying forms must be part of the P & P

A physician should sign every injury report form that is filed (maybe the correct answer)

Which of the following statements about a clinical exercise rehabilitation program's mission statement is NOT correct? -There should be a different mission statement for each program or, perhaps, even a different mission statement for each component of a program. -The mission statement should elucidate the program's goals -A program's mission statement generally is fixed -Perhaps the most important feature of the mission statement is its clarity or understandability

A program's mission statement generally is fixed

A possible mechanism by which chronic exercise training may reduce resting blood pressure in hypertensive individuals is through -A reduced heart rate -An increase in plasma renin -A higher cardiac output -A lower stroke volume

A reduced heart rate

One important aspect of staff competency is ensuring that staff members are well trained and kept up to date. Which of the following organizations has recently launched the Registry for Clinical Exercise Physiologists? - American College of Physicians -ACSM -AAVCPR -American Heart Association

ACSM

The chemical energy that is directly converted to do work is -ATP -Beta-oxyidation of fatty acids -all of the above -creatine phosphate

ATP

Which of the following would provide the SMALLEST potential energy source in the body? -Fat -PCr -ATP -Protein

ATP

Any physical activity with a performance time of approximately 30 seconds or less relies on which of the following energy systems? -ATP-PCr -PCr -ATP -Aerobic glycolysis

ATP-PCr

Any physical activity with a performance time of approximately 30 seconds or less relies on which of the following energy systems? -ATP-PCr -PCr -Aerobic Glycolysis -ATP

ATP-PCr

The rear-foot motion called pronation results from a combination of -Adduction, inversion, and plantarflexion -Abduction, eversion, and plantarflexion -Abduction, eversion, and dorsiflexion -Adduction, inversion,and dorsiflexion

Abduction, eversion, and dorsiflexion

People in which stage are at the greatest risk of relapse? -Contemplation -Preparation. -Action. -Precontemplation.

Action.

Which does NOT help to establish a supportive relationship? -Legitimize concerns -Address the agenda -Exhibit empathy -Respect the person's abilities and efforts

Address the agenda

The fives A's of counseling are -Address, Assess, Act, Assist, and Arrange follow-up. -Address, Assess, Advise, Assist, and Act. -Act, Assess, Advise, Assist, and Arrange follow-up. -Address, Assess, Advise, Assist, and Arrange follow-up.

Address, Assess, Advise, Assist, and Arrange follow-up.

Which age group is the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population? -Preadolescents -Adults aged 65 to 85 years -Adolescents -Adults older than 85 years

Adults aged 65 to 85 years

Which of the following are symptoms of anxiety? -All of the above -Panic attacks -Feeling of being "on edge" -Increased nervousness

All of the above

Referrals to other sources may be required if someone -Has an eating disorder -Reports symptoms of depression -Has health problems. -All of the above.

All of the above.

Encouraging moderate-intensity activity at the accumulation of activity throughout the day are examples of - Addressing the individual's agenda -Allowing individuality in exercise choices -Relapse prevention counseling -Using the stages of change

Allowing individuality in exercise choices

A client who has a measured FVC of 3.5 L and can expel 3.1 L within 1 second has - An FEV of 3.1 -An obstructive defect - a restrictive defect -An FEV of 89%

An FEV of 89%

A change in heart rate or blood pressure compared to a test without the medication -A radioisotope (e.g., Cardiolite) to be administered, because beta-blockers depress the ST segment on the resting ECG. -An increase in the angina threshold compared to a test without the medication -A slight decrease or no effect on blood pressure compared to a test without the medication -A change in heart rate or blood pressure compared to a test without the medication

An increase in the angina threshold compared to a test without the medication

A cardiac patient is taking a beta-blocker medication. During an exercise test, you would expect -A change in heart rate or blood pressure compared to a test without the medication. -A slight decrease or no effect on blood pressure compared to a test without the medication. -A radioisotope (e.g., Cardiolite) to be administered, because beta-blockers depress the ST segment on the resting ECG. -An increase in the angina threshold compared to a test without the medication.

An increase in the angina threshold compared to a test without the medication.

In general, the higher the intensity of the activity, the greater the contribution of -Aerobic energy production -The krebs cycle to the production of ATP -Anaerobic energy production -The electron transport chain to the production of ATP

Anaerobic energy production

Arteries are large-diameter vessels that carry blood away from the heart. As they course through the body, they progressively decrease in size until they become -Anastomoses -Veins -Arterioles -Venules

Anastomoses

Which of the following medical conditions is NOT part of the female athlete triad? -Osteoporosis -Disordered eating -Amenorrhea -Anemia

Anemia

Which of the following elements is NOT a part of an emergency plan for a clinical exercise program? -Emergency plan that constantly refers to a national established guidelines (e.g., ACLS) without addressing unique features of the program -Emergency drills carried out on a regular basis and documented -Annual practice sessions involving all staff -Scenarios developed to increase the applicability of the emergency plan practice sessions

Annual practice sessions involving all staff

Which eating disorder is marked by an overwhelming fear of becoming fat, a distorted body image, and extreme restrictive eating? -Chronic dieting -Yo-Yo dieting -Anorexia nervosa -Bulimia

Anorexia nervosa

All of the following factor are important to consider when determining exercise intensity except -An individual's level of fitness -Individual preference and exercise objects -The risk of cardiovascular or orthopedic injury -Any previous history participating in organized sports

Any previous history participating in organized sports

Given the sensitivity of the exercise ECG, stress testing conducted on 100 cardiac rehabilitation clients with documented CAD would be expected to produce what results? -Approximately 30 clients would show ECG indicators of CAD. -All 100 clients show ECG indicators of CAD. -Approximately 70 clients would show ECG indicators of CAD. -Approximately 50 clients show ECG indicators of CAD.

Approximately 70 clients would show ECG indicators of CAD

Who first described that a body immersed in fluid is buoyed up with a force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid? -Archimedes -Freud -Einstein -Whitehead

Archimedes

Policies and procedures are important in a fitness center, because they - Are general guidelines for operating a fitness program or department -Explain the employee insurance plans and how to use them -Explain how to use the fitness equipment properly -Clarify the rights of and risks in being a fitness member

Are general guidelines for operating a fitness program or department

Identifying a patient's risk of complications is important. Which of the following is NOT considered to be a common aspect of the risk identification process? -Assessment of work history -review of medical history -assessment of cardiac risk -laboratory results

Assessment of work history

Transitional care exercise and rehabilitation programs are NOT appropriate for -Clients with functionally limiting chronic disease -Asymptomatic clients with a functional capacity of 10 met -Clients at 1 week after CABG surgery -Clients with comorbid disease states

Asymptomatic clients with a functional capacity of 10 met

The total number of muscle fibers is fixed at an early age, but - makes lose muscle mass faster at an early age when they remain sedentary -At adolescence, males exhibit rapid hypertrophy of muscle - in comparison to males, females exhibit a more rapid hypertrophy of muscle -males tend to exhibit muscle

At adolescence, males exhibit rapid hypertrophy of muscle

Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology of CAD? -The endothelium takes up lipids, especially LDL -Atherosclerotic lesions form in the intima -Injury to the arterial wall begins in the media -Platelets and thrombi form in the adventitia

Atherosclerotic lesions form in the intima

Special precautions for clients with hypertension include all of the following EXCEPT: -Avoiding activities that involve the Valsalva maneuver. -Monitoring a client who is taking diuretics for arrhythmias. -Avoiding muscle-strengthening exercises that involve low resistance. -Avoiding exercise if resting systolic BP is greater than 200 mmHg or diastolic BP is greater than 115 mmHg.

Avoiding muscle-strengthening exercises that involve low resistance

How can exercise equipment add to the risk of participation? - Because of the time one waits to use it - Because its expensive -Because it is hard to move -Because it is used incorrectly

Because it is used incorrectly

Which of the following medications have been shown to be most effective in preventing or reversing exercise-induced asthma? -Beta-2 agonists. -Aspirin -Diuretics -Beta-blokcers

Beta-2 agonists.

Which of the following statements regarding cooldown is FALSE? -The potential for improving flexibility may be improved during cool-down as compared with warm-up -Increasing venous return should be a priority during cool-down -The emphasis should be large muscle activity performed at a low to moderate intensity -Between 1 and 2 minutes are recommended for an adequate cool-down

Between 1 and 2 minutes are recommended for an adequate cool-down

Normal values for fasting blood sugar are -Between 200 and 400 mg/dl -Greater than 140 mg/dl -Less than 60 mg/dl -Between 60 and 140 mg/dl

Between 60 and 140 mg/dl

Standard sites for the measurement of skinfolds include the -Infrailiac -Biceps -Forarm -Medial thigh

Biceps

According to the most recent National Institutes of Health's Clinical Guidelines for the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults, recommendations for practical clinical assessment include -determining the total body fat through the BMI to assess obesity -determining the degree of abdominal fat and health risk through waist circumference -Both A and B -Using the waist-to-hip ratio as the only definition of obesity and lean muscle mass

Both A and B

Which of the following issues would you include in discharge education instructions for a client with congestive heart failure to avoid potential emergency situations related to the condition at home? -Both A and B -Do not palpate the pulse during daily activities or periods of light-headedness, because an irregular pulse is normal and occurs at various times during the day -Record body weight daily, and report gains to the physician -not signs and symptoms (e.g. dyspnea, intolerance of activities of daily living), and report them to a physician

Both A and B

Symptoms of hyperglycemia include all of the following EXCEPT -Bradycardia -Confusion -Slurred speech -Tremor

Bradycardia

A group of pulmonary disorders characterized by expiratory airflow obstruction, dyspnea (shortness of breath), and some degree of airway reversal is known as -Bronchitis -Emphysema -Asthma -COPD

COPD

The preparation of professional staff should include training in - CPR and basic life support -Advanced cardiac life support and ENT -Advanced basic life support and ENT -CPR and EMS

CPR and basic life support

Body fat appears to be most dangerous when _________. A. Weight for height exceeds 20% above recommended B. Body fat exceeds 25% for males and 30% for females C. Central (android) obesity is present D. Body mass index exceeds 25 kg/m2

Central (android) obesity is present

Metabolic syndrome (also referred to as syndrome X or the deadly quartet) is comprised of -Central obesity, elevated LDL cholesterol, diabetes, and physical inactivity -Central obesity, elevated triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol, hypertension, and insulin resistance. -Low HDL cholesterol, cigarette smoking, hypertension, and physical inactivity. -Elevated TC, obesity, diabetes, and physical inactivity.

Central obesity, elevated triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol, hypertension, and insulin resistance.

Examples of program records include -Member needs. -Member suggestions and any actions taken regarding them. -Performance of clients on selected exercises. -Client progress and outcomes

Client progress and outcomes

What action should you take for a 55 year old client who has three risk factors for heart disease and complains of fatigue on exertion? -Use a questionnaire to evaluate activity, and do not conduct a test -Conduct a submaximal stress test without the presence of a physician -Conduct a maximal diagnostic stress test in the presence of a physician -Start the client exercising slowly, and test after 6 weeks

Conduct a maximal diagnostic stress test in the presence of a physician

Initial training sessions for a person with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease most likely would NOT include -intermittent bouts of activity on a variety of modalities (exercise followed by short rest) -use of dyspnea scales, RPE scales, and pursed-lip breathing instruction -Continuous cycling activity at 70% of VO2 max for 30 minutes -Encouraging the client to achieve an intensity either at or above the anaerobic threshold

Continuous cycling activity at 70% of VO2 max for 30 minutes

Symptoms of claudication include - acute, sharp pain in the foot on palpation at rest -cramping, burning, and tightness in the calf muscle, usually triggered by activity and relieved with rest -crepitus in the knee during cycling -pitting ankle edema at the rating of 3+

Cramping, burning, and tightness in the calf muscle, usually triggered by activity and relieved with rest

The emergency response system (EMS) is -Required by most health departments -The combination of the ambulance and the emergency room -Critical for the staff to be able to respond adequately to an emergency -The protocol used to practice safety plans

Critical for the staff to be able to respond adequately to an emergency

Which of the following statements about confidentiality is NOT true? All records must be kept by the program director/manager under lock and key Data must be available to all individuals who need to see it Sensitive information (e.g., participant's name) needs to be protected Data should be kept on file for at least 1 year before being discarded.

Data should be kept on file for at least 1 year before being discarded

The primary effects of chronic exercise training on lipid values are -decreased total cholesterol and increased HDL -Decreased triglycerides and increased HDL -Decreased total cholesterol and LDL -Decreased HDL and increased LDL

Decreased triglycerides and increased HDL

In response to various stimuli, movements of ions occur, causing the rapid loss of the internal negative potential. This process is known as -Depolarization -Polarization -Automaticity -Repolarization

Depolarization

Budgets are designed to -Save money -Teach managers about cost analysis -Determine if a program is viable -Make management happy

Determine if a program is viable.

What is the best test of cardiovascular function for a client who is obese, has claudication in the legs, and has limited mobility because of neurologic damage from uncontrolled diabetes? -Dipyridamole or dobutamine testing and assessment of cardiovascular variables -continuous submaximal cycle ergometer test -resting echocardiography -discontinuous treadmill exercise test

Dipyridamole or dobutamine testing and assessment of cardiovascular variables

What is the most appropriate action in assisting a person suffering from a seizure? -Hold the person down so that he or she does not hurt himself or herself -Ignore the person, and allow the seizure to pass -Place a wedge in the person's mouth so that he or she does not swallow the tongue -Do not touch the person, but be sure that he or she is in a safe place

Do not touch the person, but be sure that he or she is in a safe place

A well-designed consent document developed in consultation with qualified legal professional provides your facility with -No legal benefit -Legal documentation of a client's understanding of assessment procedures -Legal immunity against lawsuits -Documentation of a good-faith effort to educate your client

Documentation of a good-faith effort to educate your client

Differentiation between supraventricular and ventricular rhythm is made on the basis of the -Duration (width) of the QRS complex and the presence or absence of P waves -Amplitude of the U wave -Appearance of the ST segment -Duration of the PR interval

Duration (width) of the QRS complex and the presence or absence of P waves

All of the following are suggestive of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease EXCEPT -Dyspnea during strenuous exertion - palpitations that occur at rest - syncope during moderate-intensity exercise training -substernal burning that dissipates with rest

Dyspnea during strenuous exertion

Which of the following are helpful suggestions for an athlete trying to gain weight EXCEPT -Increase portion sizes at meals -Eat more high-calorie foods (e.g., candy bars, soft drinks) -Snack on energy- and nutrient-dense foods (e.g., fig bars, nuts and dried fruit) -Eat one extra meal per day

Eat more high-calorie foods (e.g., candy bars, soft drinks)

The P wave on an ECG can be -Negative -Either positive or Negative -Positive -Isoelectric

Either positive or Negative

Some of the duties in supervising a fitness staff include scheduling, implementing the polices and procedure, and -Emergency procedures and evaluations. -Managing the fitness billing. -Cleaning the equipment. -Marketing and promotions.

Emergency procedures and evaluations.

Myocardial cells can be excited in response to all of the following stimuli EXCEPT: -Emotional -Electrical -Mechanical -Chemical

Emotional

Which of the following factors does NOT impair an older individual's ability to thermoregulate? -Enhanced sweat response -Decreased renal function -Reduced total body water -Decreased vascular peripheral responsiveness

Enhanced sweat response

Which energy source represents the largest potential energy store in the body? -Fat -Blood glucose -Protein -Muscle glycogen

Fat

Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that is not digestible (e.g., it will pass through the digestive system without being absorbed). The NCEP ATPIII guidelines recommend that soluble (viscous) fiber be included in the diet for the prevention and treatment of elevated blood lipid concentrations. Sources of soluble (viscous) fibers include: -Meat and dairy foods -Fruits, beans, and oats -All of the above -Wheat bran and whole wheat products

Fruits, beans, and oats

The intervertebral disks have which of the following characteristics? -Gray matter surrounding the neural cell bodies -All of the above -Calcified outer ring -Gelatinous inner nucleus portion

Gelatinous inner nucleus portion

Which of the following is NOT a muscle type? -Skeletal -Smooth -Generic -Cardiac

Generic

cardiac output is a function of -HR and SBP -Maximal oxygen consumption and arteriovenous oxygen difference -HR, preload, after load, and contractility -SV and EDV

HR, preload, after load, and contractility

Cardiac muscle action potentials are longer in duration than those of skeletal muscle. The longer action potential does not allow the muscle to -Twitch -Summarize -Have tetanus -Undergo summation

Have tetanus

Which of the following are NOT symptoms of depression? -Changes in sleep patterns -Irritability -Hearing voices -All of the above

Hearing voices

Fast-twitch muscle fibers have which of the following characteristics compared with slow-twitch muscle fibers? -None of the above -High force production and well developed blood supply -Easily fatigued with a well-developed aerobic system -High PCr stores and high ATPase stores

High PCr stores and high ATPase stores

Which of the following is considered a "ball-and-socket" joint? -Knee -Hip -Elbow -Ankle

Hip

What are some of the common sense "rules" in promoting your fitness program? -You know more than they do, so be aggressive -Selling memberships at any cost is key -Long-term agreements make more than short-term agreements -Honesty and understanding the needs of the potential member are always the best way.

Honesty and understanding the needs of the potential member are always the best way.

Tall, positive T waves may be caused by all of the following EXCEPT -LVH -Acute pericarditis - Hypocalcemia -Hyperacute phase of MI

Hypocalcemia

Which of the following conditions can prolong the QT interval? -Hypokalemia and hypercacemia -Hypocalcemia and hypokalemia -Hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia -Hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia

Hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia

The clinical exercise physiologist shares a responsibility to -Implement measure to stop disease -Make patients look healthy -Implement preventive measures to reduce the risk of medical emergencies -Develop a plan to reduce the physical demands of exercise testing

Implement preventive measures to reduce the risk of medical emergencies

Staff certification is -Not good idea, because certified staff will increase your payroll -Not important, because members do not care -Important, primarily because it adds a standard of knowledge and credibility to your facility -Important, primarily because it adds spice to marketing materials.

Important, primarily because it adds a standard of knowledge and credibility to your facility

Vo2 increases as a result of physical training in elderly persons. This occurs for all of the following reasons EXCEPT -in both men and women, regular aerobic exercise slows the decline with aging -in both men and women, regular aerobic exercise speeds the decline with agine -in men, the increase is a function of improved central and peripheral adaptations -in women, the increase is a function of improved peripheral adaptations

In both men and women, regular aerobic exercise speeds the decline with aging.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of increased flexibility? -reduced muscle tension and increased relaxation -increased ROM -Increased muscle viscosity, allowing easier and smoother contractions -improved coordination by allowing greater ease of movement

Increased muscle viscosity, allowing easier and smoother contractions

When determining the intensity level, the RPE is a better indicator than percentage of maximal HR for all of the following groups EXCEPT -Aerobic classes that involve excessive arm movement. -Individuals older than 65 years. -Individuals involved in high-intensity exercise. -Individuals on Beta-blockers.

Individuals involved in high-intensity exercise

The potential benefits and risks of an exercise test should be written in what document? -Description of services -Exercise waivers -Informed consent -Safety plan

Informed consent

Which of the following actions involving termination of exercise testing is correct? -immediately terminate the test when intermittent premature ventricular contractions are detected on ECG -Immediately terminate the test if muscular fatigue occurs -Initiate the test termination process when intermittent premature ventricular contractions are detected on ECG -Initiate the test termination process when cardiac complication occur

Initiate the test termination process when intermittent premature ventricular contractions are detected on ECG

Emergency procedures and safety include which of the following? -Metabolic injuries -Emergency consequences -Basic principles for exercise training -Injury prevention

Injury prevention

The arm is capable of performing all of the following motions EXCEPT -Inversion -Supination -Abduction -Flexion

Inversion

A client with a function capacity of 7 MET, an ejection fraction of 37%, and an ST-segment depression of 1 mm below baseline on exertion - Is considered to be at moderate risk -Should not exercise until his or her ejection fraction is >50% -Is considered to be at high risk -Is considered to be at low risk

Is considered to be at moderate risk

Why is public relations important to a fitness program? -It makes sure that your clients are happy and getting what they want -It helps promote the program and staff to the public -It lowers your malpractice insurance premium by promoting quality -It reduces the risk of legal action against your staff

It helps promote the program and staff to the public

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a benefit of follow-up in an emergency situation? - It provides information to determine the consequences of the staff's actions -it provides information regarding the patient's current status, which may help to determine the cause of the emergency -It allows the staff to finalize the incident report -It provides statistics that will help to justify the emergency response program.

It provides statistics that will help to justify the emergency response program.

Which of the following statements about static exercise is accurate? - It results in increased HR and SBP -It is inappropriate for any client with heart disease - it results in reduced pressure on the heart -it involves rhythmic, continuous activity

It results in increased HR and SBP

Which of the following statements about static exercise is accurate? -It involves rhythmic, continuous activity -It is inappropriate for any client with heart disease -It results in reduced pressure on the heart -It results in increased HR and SBP

It results in increased HR and SBP

What is the best way that an administrator can educate the fitness staff? - Reading the newspaper - Joining fitness organizations and subscribing to fitness journals - voicing his or her opinion - buying fitness videos

Joining fitness organizations and subscribing to fitness journals

Diets high in saturated fat can lead to elevations in blood _____ concentration, which may increase risk of heart disease. Optimal concentration of this blood lipoprotein are ______. -LDL-C, <125 mg/dL. -HDL-C, >30 mg/dL -Very LDL-C, <120 mg/dL. -LDL-C, <100 mg/dL

LDL-C, <100 mg/dL

Although 12-lead testing is the optimal ECG configuration, if only one lead can be used, which one should it be? -Lead II -Lead V5 -Lead AVL - Lead V1

Lead II

What is the best test to help determine ejection fraction at rest and during exercise? -Angiography -Single-proton emission computer tomography -MUGA (blood pool imagery) study -Thallium stress test

MUGA (blood pool imagery) study

What is the fitness instructor's primary responsibility in conducting an exercise test? Completing the test Making sure the data collected are accurate Encouragement and support Maintaining a safe environment by not putting the client in danger

Maintaining a safe environment by not putting the client in danger

Program description, resource availability, and client interest are examples of - A survey - Budget categories -Management factors -A business plan

Management factors

The most accurate screening method for signs and symptoms of CAD is a -submaximal exercise test with a 12-lead ECG -Maximal exercise test with a 12-lead ECG -Discontinue protocol, stopping at 85% of maximal heart rate -Continue protocol, stopping at 85% of maximal heart rate

Maximal exercise test with a 12-lead ECG

Which of the following cardiovascular variables does NOT increase as a result of chronic exercise while performing a single bout of maximal exercise? -maximum cardiac output -maximum SV -maximum oxygen consumption -maximum HR

Maximum HR

Hydrodensitomtry (hydrostatic weighting, underwater weighting) has several sources of error. Which of the following is NOT a common source of error when using this technique to determine body composition? -Measurement of the residual volume -Measurement of the vital capacity of the lungs -Interindividual variability in the density of the individual lean tissue compartment -Interindividual variability in the amount of air in the gastrointestinal tract

Measurement of the vital capacity of the lungs

In a rested, well-fed athlete, most of the carbohydrate used as a substrate during exercise comes from -Glycogen stored in fat cells -Blood glucose -Muscle glycogen stores -Liver glycogen stores

Muscle glycogen stores

Which muscle protein contains many cross-bridges? -Myosin -Sarcomere -Myofibril -Troponin

Myosin

Which statement below best describes the condition of asthma? -Ventilatory dead space -respiratory muscle atrophy -Narrowing of the bronchial airways -alveolar destruction

Narrowing of the bronchial airways

Why would a fitness instructor have an interest in tort law? -Negligence is breaking a tort law and can ruin an instructor's career. -They relate to the Americans with Disabilities Act -Tort laws are related to worker's compensation regulations. -State taxes often are related to profit, which is governed by tort laws.

Negligence is breaking a tort law and can ruin an instructor's career.

Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding informed consent? -Negligence, improper test administration, inadequate personnel qualifications, and insufficient safety procedures are all items expressly covered by the informed consent -Informed consent does not provide legal immunity to a facility or individual in the event of injury to a client. -Informed consent does not relieve the facility or individual of the responsibility to do everything possible to ensure the safety of the client. -Informed consent is not a legal document

Negligence, improper test administration, inadequate personnel qualifications, and insufficient safety procedures are all items expressly covered by the informed consent

In response to regular resistance training -Younger women have greater gains in strength than older women -younger men have greater gains in strength than older men -Older men and women demonstrate similar or even greater strength gains when compared to younger individuals -Younger men and women demonstrate similar or greater strength gains compared to older persons

Older men and women demonstrate similar or even greater strength gains when compared to younger individuals

Which of the following is not a feature of the metabolic syndrome? -Insulin resistance -Osteoporosis -Dyslipidemia (low HDL-C, elevated triglycerides) -Elevated blood pressure

Osteoporosis

Which of the following can an older person expect as a result of participation in an exercise program? -overall improvement in the quality of life and increased independence -increased longevity but a loss of bone mass -loss of bone mass with a concomitant increase in bone density -no changes in the quality of life but an increase in longevity

Overall improvement in the quality of life and increased independence.

Flexibility is the measure of -Habitually used ROM about a joint -Disease-free ROM about a joint -Effort-free ROM about a joint -Pain-free ROM about a joint

Pain-free ROM about a joint

In the Social Cognitive Theory, which three major dynamic interacting influences are postulated as determining behavioral change? -Stage of readiness, process of change, and confidence -Reinforcement, commitment, and social support -Personal, behavioral, and environmental -High-risk situations, social support, and perceived control

Personal, behavioral, and environmental

Many clients have WI-mode programmed pacemakers. Which of the following is TRUE regarding exercise programming with WI pacemakers. -Persons with WI pacemakers may be chronotropically (HR) competent with exercise but require longer warm-up and gradual increase in intensity during the initial exercise portion of their session -Persons who are chronotropically competent are tachycardic at rest and should not exercise at low intensities. -BP response is not a good marker of intensity effort in those with WI pacemakers and need not be evaluated during an exercise session -Persons with WI pacemakers must avoid exercise on the bicycle ergometer because of the location of the ventricular lead wire and potential for displacement.

Persons with WI pacemakers may be chronotropically (HR) competent with exercise but require longer warm-up and gradual increase in intensity during the initial exercise portion of their session

A physician's clearance -Is a communication tool with little exercise value -Provides a medical opinion about a client's risk with exercise -Is not necessary if the client completes the medical history questionaire -Provides information about the physician's attitude regarding your club.

Provides a medical opinion about a client's risk with exercise

Myocardial oxygen consumption is best estimated from -RPP -Maximal oxygen consumption -cardiac output -HR

RPP

The most common site used for measurement of the pulse during exercise is the -femoral -radial -dorsalis pedis -popliteal

Radial

Documentation in the context of emergency response commonly refers to -Records of all emergency situations -Records of each exercise session -Manuals for all emergency equipment -Records of attendance

Records of all emergency situations

End-diastolic volume is highest when measured with the client in which position? -Standing -Sitting -Recumbent -Supine

Recumbent

Capital budgets -are part of the balance sheet in financial reports -reflect the costs to operate a program -are not necessary with fitness programs -reflect the costs of implementing a program

Reflect the costs of implementing a program.

During the cool-down phase of an exercise session, clients should be encouraged to -Increase the number of isometric activities -Limit the cool-down period to 5 minutes. -Decrease the intensity of activity quickly to decrease cardiac afterload. -Rehydrate.

Rehydrate.

In a budget for a clinical exercise rehabilitation program, all of the following are examples of variable expenses EXCEPT -ECG electrodes. -Temporary wages. -Rental fees for the facility space. -Consultant fees.

Rental fees for the facility space.

Which of the following statements regarding exercise for the elderly is FALSE? -A decrease in maximal HR is responsible for reduction sin the maximal oxygen consumption as we age. -A loss of fat-free mass is responsible for the decrease in muscular strength as we age. -The ACSM recommends a cardiorespiratory training intensity of 50% to 70% of HRR for older adults. -Resistance exercise training is not recommended for older adults

Resistance exercise training is not recommended for older adults

Which of the following statements regarding exercise for the elderly is FALSE? -A decrease in maximal HR is responsible for reductions in the maximal oxygen consumption as we age -Resistance exercise training is not recommended for older adults -The ACSM recommends a cardiorespiratory training intensity of 50% to 70% of HRR for older adults -A loss of fat-free mass is responsible for the decrease in muscular strength as we go

Resistance exercise training is not recommended for older adults

Which of the following statements regarding exercise for the elderly is FALSE? -The ACSM recommends a cardiorespiratory trining intensity of 50% to 70% of HRR for older adults -A decrease in maximal HR is responsible for reductions in the maximal oxygen consumption as we age -A loss of fat-free mass is responsible for the decrease in muscular strength as we age -Resistance exercise training is not recommended for older adults

Resistance exercise training is not recommended for older adults

Which of the following formulae is used for determining workload on a bicycle ergometer? -Resistance x distance flyweel traveled per revolution x revolutions per minute -resistance x distance flywheel traveled per revolution -belt length x resistance x revolutions pedaled per minute -belt length x resistance x grade

Resistance x distance flyweel traveled per revolution x revolutions per minute

RICES refers to -Relaxation, Ice, Compression, Energy, and Stabilization. -Rest, Ice, Common sense, Energy, and Standardization -Relaxation, Incremental heat, Care for injury, Energy, and Standardization. -Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, and Stabilization.

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, and Stabilization.

Blood from the peripheral anatomy flows to the heart through the superior and inferior venae cavae into the -Right atrium -Right ventricle -Left ventricle -Left atrium

Right atrium

The process of risk stratification often is used for the criteria for clinical exercise rehabilitation program admission. Which of the following statements about risk stratification is NOT correct? -Risk stratification can be tied to insurance reimbursement. -Risk stratification can be modeled after the criteria published by the AACVPR -Risk stratification can be useful for participant entry criteria, exercise testing guidelines, ECG monitoring, and supervision guidelines -Risk stratification often is used to determine the intensity of prescribed exercise

Risk stratification often is used to determine the intensity of prescribed exercise

A 62-year-old, obese factory working complains of pain in his right shoulder on arm abduction; on evaluation, decreased ROM and strength are noted. You also notice that he is beginning to use accessory muscles to substitute movements and to compensate. These symptoms may indicate -A referred pain from a herniated lumbar disk -Rotator cuff strain or impingement -Angina -Advanced stages of multiple sclerosis

Rotator cuff strain or impingement

A classic sign of subendocardial ischemia is -a pathologic Q wave -ST-segment elevation -Angina -ST-segment depression

ST-segment depression

Subendocardial ischemia usually produces -U waves -ST-segment depression -Q waves -ST-segment elevation

ST-segment depression

Weight room safety should include -A phone. -Safe passageways and use of the buddy system. -Lifting gloves and back belts. -Male trainers to help with spotting.

Safe passageways and use of the buddy system.

Fire, bloodborne pathogens, and power outage should all be included in - Safety plans -Testing by the facility and staff - facility insurance - maintenance plans

Safety plans

Which of the following is a fixed expense? -Utilities (e.g. telephone) - Salaries -Laboratory charge backs for blood work - Office supplies

Salaries

Which of the following strategies can help a person to maintain his or her physical activity? -Schedule check-in appointments -Increase benefits -Educate regarding different types of exercise -All of the above -Reduce barriers

Schedule check-in appointments

Which of the following is an example of a behavioral process in the Transtheoretical Model? -Dramatic relief -Environmental reevaluation -Stimulus control -Consciousness raising

Stimulus control

Which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia? -Bronchospasms and hyperventilation -Hypotension -Tachycardia and slurred speech -Cold, clammy skin

Tachycardia and slurred speech

Which of the following statements regarding arm versus leg exercise is correct? -Target HR for leg exercise should be increased by 10bpm for arm exercise -Target HR for leg exercise should be decreased by 10bpm for arm exercise -Target HR should not be used as a guide for arm exercise -Higher maximal oxygen consumption should be expected in arm exercise

Target HR for leg exercise should be decreased by 10bpm for arm exercise

A baseball pitcher has been complaining of weakness in the lateral rotation motions of the shoulder. You have been asked to evaluate him for a strengthening program. Which of the following muscles would you have him concentrate on strengthening? -Teres Major -Latissimus dorsi -Subscapularis -Teres minor

Teres minor

In cleaning the facility and equipment, what must an operator be aware of? -That signs are written clearly. -That solutions and cleaning materials are safe for the skin and hypoallergenic. -That disinfectants smell pleasant. -That surfaces are brightly colored.

That solutions and cleaning materials are safe for the skin and hypoallergenic.

Two individuals have the same body weight, gender, ethnic background, and skin fold measurement results. One is 25 years old, the other is 45 years. Given this scenario, which of the following statements is TRUE? -They both have the same percentage of body fat -The 25-year-old is fatter -The 45-year-old is fatter -Who is fatter cannot be determined from the information given

The 45-year-old is fatter

The simplest and most rapid method to produce ATP during exercise is through - glycogenolysis - the ATP-PC system - Aerobic metabolism -Glycolysis

The ATP- PC system

What U.S. legislation is critical for operators of fitness facilities to understand and adhere to regarding safety -The Americans with Handicaps Act -The Civil Rights Act of 1966 -The Americans with Disabilities Act -The Health Portability Act of 1996

The Americans with Disabilities Act

During exercise, SV increase as a result of -The Frank-Starling law -Increased pulmonary artery pressure -Increased ejection fraction -Increased HR

The Frank-Starling law

Outcome assessment evaluates a program's effectiveness. Which of the following statements about outcome assessment is NOT true? -Data that are subjective or anecdotal in nature can be used in the assessment -Periodic progress reports are valuable and should stimulate the need to collect objective data to support any subjective findings. -Standardized tools should be used for outcome assessment. -The client care plan for each individual participant is not used in this process

The client care plan for each individual participant is not used in this process

Which of the following is an indication for terminating an exercise test? -The respiratory exchange rate exceeds 0.95 -The RPE exceeds 17 on the standard scale -The client requests test termination -The maximum heart rate exceed 200bpm

The client requests test termination

What should the manager's involvement be in developing fitness programs? -The manager should be the only person involved in program development. -The manager should be active as a program developer as well as a -resource, supporter, and critic for the programs developed by other staff. -The manager should be involved only in the budgeting and final approval. -The manager should maintain a hands-off approach.

The manager should be active as a program developer as well as a -resource, supporter, and critic for the programs developed by other staff.

In a second class lever -The axis is located between the effort force and the resistance -The effort force is located between the resistance and the axis -The resistance is located between the effort force and the axis -None of the above

The resistance is located between the effort force and the axis

What do effective program administration and management create and/or reduce? -They create problems with staff egos -They create successful programs and reduce problems -They create more work for the staff and reduce feedback -They reduce membership

They create successful programs and reduce problems

Why are records valuable to a fitness program? -They help to provide facts in any legal issues -They help in evaluation of a program. -They help the front desk to monitor paid and unpaid clients. -They offer music not found on tapes or CDs.

They help in evaluation of a program.

A limitation of psychological theories is -They leave out important elements 9e.g. sociocultural factors) -They do not reinforce behavior -They make too many assumptions -They cannot evaluate program

They leave out important elements (e.g. sociocultural factors)

During mild to moderate exercise, pulmonary ventilation increases primarily as a result of increased -Vital capacity -Tidal Volume -Total lung volume -Breathing frequency

Tidal Volume

During mild to moderate exercise, pulmonary ventilation increases primarily as a result of increased -total lung volume -Tidal volume -breathing frequency -vital capacity

Tidal volume

The manager's role in staff education is -To create many opportunities from educating the staff -Not very valuable, because member retention and sales are the key to any program -To let the staff handler their own education but also to encourage it -Valuable, because it looks good to the owners

To create many opportunities from educating the staff

Why would a fitness facility be interested in public relations? -To make the staff work harder. -To improve staff morale. -To become involved in local politics. -To increase exposure for the facility and sell its services.

To increase exposure for the facility and sell its services.

Which of the following would most appropriately assess a previously sedentary, 40-year old female client's muscular strength? - Holding a handgrip dynamometer at 15 pounds (7 kg) to fatigue -Using a 5-pound (2.2-kg) dumbbell to perform multiple sets of biceps curls to fatigue. -Performing modified curl-ups to fatigue. -Using a 30-pound (18-kg) barbell to perform biceps curls to fatigue

Using a 30-pound (18-kg) barbell to perform biceps curls to fatigue

The three principal mechanisms for increasing venous return during dynamic exercise are -An increase in vascular resistance, increase in HR, and decrease in blood pressure -A decrease in SV, HR, and compliance of the vascular system -Vasoconstriction, pumping action of muscle, and the pumping action of the respiratory system -None of the above

Vasoconstriction, pumping action of muscle, and the pumping action of the respiratory system

A male client is 42 years old. His father died of a heart attack at age 62. He has a consistent resting blood pressure (measured over 6 weeks) of 132/86 mm Hg and a total serum cholesterol of 5.4 mmol/L. Based on his CAD risk stratification, which of the following activities is appropriate? -Maximal assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness without a physician supervising -Vigorous exercise without previous medical assessment -Vigorous exercise without a previous physician- supervised exercise test -Sub maximal assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness without a physician supervising

Vigorous exercise without previous medical assessment

Which fat-soluble vitamin is associated with bone development? -Vitamin D -Vitamin K -Vitamin A -Vitamin E

Vitamin D

A common measure to assist in the evaluation of body fat distribution -Waist to hip ratio -Height & weight charts -Total body water -Total body weight

Waist to hip ratio

The BMI is calculated using which of the following formulas? -Height/ weight squared -Weight/ hip circumference - Weight/height squared - Hip circumference/height

Weight/height squared

Category 1 medications include all of the following EXCEPT -Epinephrine -Xylocaine -Oxygen -Lidocaine

Xylocaine

Do fitness instructor need management skills? -Only if they wish to become floor supervisors or program managers -Yes, because as instructors, they manage client programs and manage the floor with the clients -No, because they will be trained in management if they become managers -Yes, because of the natural progression of advancement into management

Yes, because as instructors, they manage client programs and manage the floor with the clients

Angular motion occurs when -a force is applied off center to a freely movable object -all of the above -an object is free to move only in a linear path -a freely-movable object moves in a straight line when a force is applied on-center

a force is applied off center to a freely movable object

Informed consent is best described as -something that only a lawyer can provide to an exercise program -being an informed consumer to ensure that one undertakes the proper exercise program -a process that is backed up by a form -a legal form

a process that is backed up by a form

For a client using a beta-blocker who has lowered resting blood pressure and heart rate, which of the following statements is true? - the client should be tested only when not taking the medications -a submaximal test will provide the best estimate of the client's fitness -a submaximal test may underestimate the client's fitness -a submaximal test may overestimate the client's fitness

a submaximal test may overestimate the client's fitness

A standard site for the measurement of circumferences is the - ankle - neck -wrist -abdomen

abdomen

The rear-foot motion called pronation results from a combination of -abduction, eversion, and plantarflexion -adduction, inversion and dorsiflexion -abduction, eversion, and dorsiflexion -adduction, inversion, and plantarflexion

abduction, eversion, and dorsiflexion

What condition can cause ST-segment elevation? -digitalis toxicity -acute pericarditis -hypokalemia -hypocalcemia

acute pericarditis

A comprehensive clinical exercise rehabilitation program - is the same for the entire client population served - is limited in scope and practice - adapts to trends in program services - is based on historical features of program administration

adapts to trends in program services

Adults age physiologically at individual rates. Therefore, adults of any specified age will vary widely in their physiologic responses to exercise testing. Special consideration should be given to older adults when giving a fitness test, because -older adults are not a motivated to exercise as those who are younger -age is often accompanied by de-conditioning and disease -older adults cannot be physically stressed beyond 75% of age-adjusted maximum

age is often accompanied by de-conditioning and disease

Low back pain occurs most commonly in the lumbar region, because -the lumbar vertebrae are least mobile - all of the above -the lumbar disks are subject to the most pressure -the lumbar vertebrae support much of the body weight

all of the above

Pain caused by low back muscle guarding and spasm in the absence of signs of disk herniation is often treated with muscle stretching. Which of the following is (are) helpful stretching activities for the low back? - double-knee to chest -knee to chest -all of the above -lower trunk rotation

all of the above

Running is a locomotor activity similar to walking but with some differences. In comparison to walking, running requires greater -muscle strength -balance -all of the above -range of motion

all of the above

Which of the following would assist anxious people before an exercise test? -ask them to sit quietly in a chair for a few minutes -familiarize them with the exercise equipment by brief practice -all of the above -throughly explain the exercise test

all of the above

Women are likely to be deficient in both calcium and iron because they tend to consume less: - they tend to consume less dairy products -they tend to consume less protein from meat sources -all of the above -they tend to consume less overall energy than men

all of the above

The physician's role in an emergency plan is - an agency that certifies a managed car organization -critical, because the physician must be present and can handle any emergency situation - not significant, because a physician is not necessary when testing is conducted - not important, because most facilities are hospital-based and the emergency room is nearby

an agency that certifies a managed car organization

Setting several short-term goals to attain a long-goal to increase self-efficacy is an example of -a relationship to theory -an application of cognitive-behavior principles -an evalation -an explanatory theory

an application of cognitive-behavior principles

Setting several short-term goals to attain a long-term goal to increase self-efficacy is an example of - A relationship to theory -an explanatory theory -an application of cognitive-behavior principles -an evaluation

an application of cognitive-behavior principles

What is the correct term and definition to describe a potential complication that may occur after an acute MI? -Extension (left ventricular dilation) -rupture (coronary artery breaks open) -aneurysm (bulging of the ventricular wall) -expansion (another MI)

aneurysm (bulging of the ventricular wall)

What common medication taken by clients and end-stage renal disease requires careful management for those undergoing hemodialysis? -cromolyn sodium -lithium -cholestyramine -antihypertensive medication

antihypertensive medication

A client's health screening should be administered before -any contact with the client -fitness assessment or programming -any physical activity by the client at your facility - the initial "walk-through" showing of the facility

any physical activity by the client at your facility

A client's health screening should be administered before -the initial "walk-through" showing of the facility -any contact with the client -any physical activity by the client at your facility -fitness assessment or programming

any physical activity by the client at your facility

A fitness newsletter, fitness library, and bulletin boards -Require considerable money and must be budgeted carefully -Are part of the facility marketing -are part of client and staff education - are part of staff news

are part of client and staff education

The aging-related loss of elasticity (or "hardening") of the arteries is known as -arteriosclerosis -adventitia -atherosclerosis -atheroma

arteriosclerosis

A decisional balance sheet is used to -determine a person's readiness to change behavior -assess barriers and benefits for physical activity or exercise -determine a person's self-efficacy -all of the above

assess barriers and benefits for physical activity or exercise

One mistake that health care providers and exercise promoters make is to -legitimize a client's concerns -Encourage the accumulation of moderate intensity activity throughout the day -Use the five A's strategy for counseling -assume that most individuals are ready to change their behavior

assume that most individuals are ready to change their behavior

Special precautions for clients with hypertension include all of the following EXCEPT: -avoiding exercise if resting BP is greater than 200mmHg or diastolic BP is greater than 115 mmHg -avoiding muscle-strengthening exercises that involve low resistance -avoiding activities that involve the valsalva maneuver -monitoring a client who is taking diuretics for arrhythmias

avoiding muscle-strengthening exercises that involve low resistance

A programs policy and procedures manual should NOT - Be revised as the program's policies and/or procedures are modified - be stored away from safekeeping - be viewed as a document in progress - contain program information ranging from the organizational structure to the facility's maintenance schedule

be stored away from safekeeping

Cardiac output is a function of heart rate and stroke volume. In children, why is heart rate higher at rest and during exercise? -because children typically have a more elevated peripheral resistance compared to adults -because in children, cardiac output regulated more by peripheral resistance than VO2max by any other variable -because children typically have lower stroke volume compared to adults -because in children, stroke volume is directly related to how much left ventricular stiffness reduces diastolic filling

because children typically have lower stroke volume compared to adults

Body fat generally increases with advancing age, particularly between childhood and early adulthood, because of -an exponential increase in caloric consumption -alteration in resting metabolic rate -a great increase in caloric consumption and a small decline in fat production -body fat accumulates as a result of an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure

body fat accumulates as a result of an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure

Which type of financial analysis would be appropriate for a not-for-profit program that wishes to determine the amount of revenue from program fees needed so that no other sources or revenue are required to meet the programs expenses? - break-down analysis - profitability analysis - margin analysis - break-even analysis

break-even analysis

Continuous quality improvement (CQI) is a systematic process of program evaluation that involves all of the following steps EXCEPT - outcomes assessment - budget assessment - data analysis - goals assessment

budget assessment

Complaints of pain in the chest with associated pain radiating down the left arm may be signs of -seizure -hypotension -cardiac crisis -heartburn

cardiac crisis

Right-axis deviation may be caused by - acute pericarditis -cardiomyopathy -right atrial enlargement - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

All of the following are considered possible causes of restrictive lung disease EXCEPT - obesity -cigarette smoke -muscular dystrophy -scoliosis

cigarette smoke

The C-shaped cartilages of the trachea allow all of the following to occur EXCEPT -ciliated movement of mucus-secreting cells -distention of the esophagus -maintenance of open airway -prevention of tracheal collapse during pressure changes

ciliated movement of mucus-secreting cells

Which of the following bones articulates proximally with the sterna manubrium and distally with the scapula and is helpful to palpate in electrode placement? -twelfth rib -clavicle -scapula -sternum

clavicle

Controlling pool water temperature (83-88 degrees Fahrenheit), avoiding jarring and weight-bearing activities, and avoiding movement in swollen, inflamed joints are special considerations for exercise in -clients with angina -clients with osteoporosis -clients after atherectomy -clients with arthritis

clients with arthritis

One of the first actions that a fitness instructor should consider in preventing injury is to -instruct the client on how to use the exercise equipment safely -teach the client how to warm-up and cool-down -conduct a pre participation screening -instruct the client on safety procedure when using the facility

conduct a pre participation screening

Which of the following is an example of participant interaction as part of the supportive role or a manager? -offering a shoulder on which to cry -encouraging members to "let go" in exercise classes -conducting surveys and responding to client needs - having members teach classes

conducting surveys and responding to client needs

Athletes who exercise in the heat and humidity have a special need for fluid replacement. Current guidelines suggest that athletes should -avoid drinking water after exercise because of the danger of cramps -drink nothing but alcoholic beverages after engaging in exercise -eat salt tablets with every meal during the hot summer months -consume 16 to 24 fluid ounces of water for every pound of weight lost.

consume 16 to 24 fluid ounces of water for every pound of weight lost.

The exercise staff's role when an injury or emergency occurs should be to: - hope that an emergency contact is available to help with the situation - find someone to implement the emergency plan - control the situation by implementing the emergency plan and taking charge - get everyone out of the facility to avoid chaos

control the situation by implementing the emergency plan and taking charge

Which of the following is NOT a principle of low back care? -neutral spine during all exercises -unloaded flexion/extension of the spine -controlled leg press or squat with light weights -abdominal curl-ups

controlled leg press or squat with light weights

The treatment modality of RICES includes all of the following EXCEPT - covering - ice - stabilization - rest

covering

An increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest and during exercise often accompanies aging. Blood pressure usually increases because of -decrease in both arterial compliance and arterial stiffness -increased arterial compliance and decreased arterial stiffness -decreased arterial compliance and increased arterial stiffness -increase in both arterial compliance and arterial stiffness

decreased arterial compliance and increased arterial stiffness

Which of the following is one cause of a wide QRS complex? -Abnormal ST segment -hypokalemia -right atrial enlargement -defective intraventricular conduction

defective intraventricular conduction

Some of the duties in supervising a fitness staff include scheduling, implementing the polices and procedure, and - emergency procedures and evaluations - marketing and promotions - cleaning the equipment - managing the fitness billing

emergency procedures and evaluations

Strenuous exercise can predispose children to which of the following? -osteoarthritis -epiphysitis -malignant tumors -osteoporosis

epiphysitis

The goal for the obese exercise participant should be to -perform resistance exercise three to five times per week -sweat as much as possible -exercise at 85% of HRR -expend 300 to 500 calories per exercise session

expend 300 to 500 calories per exercise session

What are some of the risks for musculoskeletal injury? - poor signage in the facility - extrinsic factors- intensity, terrain, equipment - intrinsic factors- frequency, attitude, ender -membership type

extrinsic factors- intensity, terrain, equipment

Prevention strategies of staff and clients must include -keeping the facility clean - hiring good front-desk staff - developing clever, unique programs - following the rules

following the rules

A medical history as well as risk factor screening are important before prescribing an exercise program for older adults. Individuals with one or more risk factors for exercise participation should be referred. -Immediately to a hospital emergency room -In 1 month to the nearest exercise facility -directly to the hospital and admitted for further evaluation -for diagnostic exercise tolerance testing

for diagnostic exercise tolerance testing

Lead V1 is located at the -fifth intercostal space, left of sternal boarder -midclavicular line, fourth intercostal space -fourth intercostal space, right sternal boarder -midclavicular line, lateral to the xiphoid process

fourth intercostal space, right sternal boarder

An exercise program for elderly persons generally should emphasize increased -intensity and frequency -intensity -frequency -duration

frequency

A sedentary lifestyle - has a risk similar to that of hypertension, high cholesterol, and cigarette smoking -has little influence on post MI mortality rate -Increases HDL cholesterol -Increases the sensitivity to insulin

has a risk similar to that of hypertension, high cholesterol, and cigarette smoking

The safety of resistance exercise is dependent on all of the following except -proper breathing -speed of movement -body mechanics -having a personal trainer

having a personal trainer

Emerging risk factors for CAD include -advancing age, family history, and male sex -homocysteine, lipoprotein(a), and fibrinogen -impaired fasting glucose, obesity, and hypertension -lipoprotein(a), advancing age, and male sex

homocysteine, lipoprotein(a), and fibrinogen

abnormally tall and peaked T waves suggests which of the following - acute pericarditis -actue MI -hyperkalemia -hypokalemia

hyperkalemia

A patient who exhibits tachycardia, diaphoresis, light-headedness, and visual disturbances may be experiencing - hypoglycemia -hyperglycemia -hypotension -congestive heart failure

hypoglycemia

A client taking a calcium-channel blocker most likely will exhibit which of the following responses during exercise? -severe hypotension -improved angina thresholds -increased ischemia -hypertensive response

improved angina thresholds

Muscular endurance training is best accomplished by -performing isometric exercises only -using high resistance -incorporating high repetitions -performing four to six repetitions per set

incorporating high repetitions

The goal of risk stratification is to -increase the safety of the exercise participation -determine the prognosis -confirm the diagnosis -assess the disease severity

increase the safety of the exercise participation

When compared with leg exercise, arm exercise results in a relatively -increased VO2 max -lower SBP at all intensities -increased venous return at all intensities -increased HR at all intensities

increased HR at all intensities

The three functions of the Participant-Centered Education and Counseling Model include -assessing, asking questions, and establishing a support relationship -exhibiting empathy, legitimizing a client's concerns, and forming a partnership -identifying high-risk situations developing a plan for these situations, and eliminating "all-or-none" thinking -information gathering, developing a helping relationship, and participant education and counseling

information gathering, developing a helping relationship, and participant education and counseling

The deficiency of blood flow to the myocardium that results when oxygen demand exceeds oxygen supply is known as -angina -thrombosis -ischemia -infarction

ischemia

Which of the following statements about underwater weighing is TRUE? -it is a direct method of assessing body composition -it assumes standard densities for bone, muscle, and fat -It can divide the body into bone, muscle, and fat components -it can divide the body into visceral and subcutaneous fat components

it assumes standard densities for bone, muscle, and fat

In preventing injuries, hydration is very important, because -it helps to regulate carbohydrate utilization during cardiovascular exercise - it helps to regulate body temperature and electrolyte balance -it controls breathing and the valsalva maneuver -it helps to prevent blood pooling during the cool-down

it helps to regulate body temperature and electrolyte balance

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the "power position" used for lifting with proper body mechanics? -Body bent forward from the hips -knees slightly bent -shoulders slouched -back straight

shoulders slouched

Which of the following statements regarding intensity of resistance training is FALSE? -the number of repetitions to volitional fatigue will vary inversely with resistance -exercise intensity should be similar for males and females -exercise to volitional fatigue is not dangerous from a musculoskeletal standpoint provided that good exercise form is maintained -it is necessary to determine 1-RM to establish training intensity

it is necessary to determine 1-RM to establish training intensity

A client in your exercise class has been complaining of back pain with no ridiculer symptoms. This person has ben treated medically and is now joining the exercise program to improve flexibility in the low back. Which exercise would be most appropriate for this person to address the stated goal? -Hip-flexor stretch -knee-to-chest stretch -lateral trunk stretch -gastrocnemius stretch

knee-to-chest stretch

According to the AACVPR, elements of successful adult education include all of the following EXCEPT -Contracts -Goal setting -Rewards -Knowledge testing

knowledge testing

Increased afterload associated with increased peripheral resistance as a result of age causes -liver damage -kidney failure -liver failure - left ventricular hypertrophy

left ventricular hypertrophy

which of the following is NOT an appropriate treatment activity for inpatient rehabilitation of a client on the second day after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery? - progress all activities performed from supine to sitting to standing -limit activities as tolerated to the development of self-care activities, ROM for extremities, and low-resistance activities -measure vital signs, symptoms, RPE, fatigue, and skin color and perform electrocardiography before, during, and after treatments to assess activity tolerance. -limit upper body activities to biceps curls, horizontal arm adduction and overhead press using 5-pound weights while sitting on the side of the bed.

limit upper body activities to biceps curls, horizontal arm adduction and overhead press using 5-pound weights while sitting on the side of the bed.

Before and after 10 weeks of endurance training, an individual performs a submaximal exercise test at a constant work rate. Which of the following changes would most likely occur as a result of the endurance training? -lower blood lactate levels -a lower cardiac output - an increase in oxygen consumption -an increase in the blood flow to the exercising muscle

lower blood lactate levels

Which of the following will increase stability? -lowering the center of gravity -decreasing the base of support -raising the center of gravity -moving the center of gravity further from the edge of the base of support

lowering the center of gravity

Which of the following criteria would NOT classify a client as having "increased risk?" - signs and/or symptoms of metabolic disease -signs and/or symptoms of cardiopulmonary disease -male older than 40 years with a history of clinical depression -two or more major risk factors for CAD

male older than 40 years with a history of clinical depression

Why should a fitness operator be concerned with state practice laws? - many states have practice acts that controls the behavior and actions of fitness instructors -state laws may control the number of minority employees working at your club -state laws may affect how many can be charged for a membership - state laws help to identify illegal aliens who may apply for a job in your club

many states have practice acts that controls the behavior and actions of fitness instructors

Which of the following is NOT considered to be an absolute contraindication to exercise testing? -suspected myocarditis -moderate valvular heart disease -unstable angina -psychosis

moderate valvular heart disease

all of the following statements are true regarding long bones EXCEPT -the epiphysis consists of spongy bone -the diaphysis is composed of compact bone -most bones of the axial skeletal are of this type -the central shaft encases the medullary canal

most bones of the axial skeletal are of this type

Which of the following statements regarding exercise leadership is FALSE? -the exercise leader should adjust the exercise intensity based on individual differences in fitness -periodic fitness assessment may provide evidence of improvement in fitness for some participants -the exercise leader should be fit enough to exercise with any of his or her participants -most people are not bored by exercise and can easily find time to participate in an exercise program

most people are not bored by exercise and can easily find time to participate in an exercise program

The motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates are called a -motor junction -none of the above -motor end plate -motor unit

motor unit

The Transtheoretical Model assumes that individuals -move back and forth along the stage continuum -tend to use behavioral processes during the earlier stages of change -move through the stages of behavioral change at a steady pace -only progress forward through the stages

move back and forth along the stage continuum

The MINIMAL duration of exercise necessary to achieve improvements in health for deconditioned individuals is -30 minutes continuously - multiple sessions of more than 10 minutes in duration throughout the day -two sessions of 20 minutes throughout the day -20 minutes continuously

multiple sessions of more than 10 minutes in duration throughout the day

Proper exercise attire -should be bright so that you are easily seen in aerobics class - creates an important fashion statement -must be safe and performs appropriately, like the exercise equipment - has only one rule: be comfortable

must be safe and performs appropriately, like the exercise equipment

In the organization of skeletal muscle, the muscle cell contains contractile proteins. Which of the following is a contractile protein? -muscle fascicle -myosin -myofibril -muscle fiber

myosin

Which of the following is true when two people of different weights (80 and 70 kg) are exercising at 5 mph 15% grade on a treadmill? -cardiac output will be the same L/min -VO2 will be different if expressed in ml/kg/min -VO2 will be the same if expressed in L/min -none of the above

none of the above

A client with type I diabetes mellitus checks her fasting morning glucose on her whole-blood glucose meter (fingerstick method) and the result is 235 mg/dL (14 mmol/L). A urine test is positive for ketones before her exercise session. What action should you take? -gave her an extra carbohydrate snack, and wait 5 minutes before beginning exercise -readjusting her insulin regimen for the remainder of the day to compensate for the high morning glucose level -not allow her to exercise this session, and notify her physician of the finding -allow her to exercise as long as her glucose is not greater than 300mg/dL

not allow her to exercise this session, and notify her physician of the finding

When counseling a patient with metabolic syndrome, your emphasis should be on addressing underlying causes of the syndrome, such as -obesity and physical inactivity -elevated LDL-C concentration -lack of muscle strength -excessive carbohydrate intake

obesity and physical inactivity

Modifiable primary risk factors for CAD include a. hypertension, dyslipidemia, advancing age, and tobacco smoking b. homocysteine, lipoprotein (a), C-reactive protein, and gender c. obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), tobacco smoking, and sedentary lifestyle d. tobacco smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and homocysteine

obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), tobacco smoking, and sedentary lifestyle

The recommended muscular strength and endurance training program for apparently health individuals should be -one set of 8 to 12 reps, 8 to 10 separate exercises, 2 days per week -two sets of six to eight reps, 8 to 10 separate exercises, 2 days per week -two sets of six to eight reps, 8 to 10 separate exercises, 4 days per week and alternating days for legs and upper body -one set of 8 to 12 reps, 8 to 10 separate exercises, 4 to 5 days per week

one set of 8 to 12 reps, 8 to 10 separate exercises, 2 days per week

Advancing age brings a progressive decline in bone mineral densiy and calcium content; this process is accelerated in women immediately following menopause. Which condition is commonly associated with this condition? -epiphysitis -osteoarthritis -osteoporosis -arthritis

osteoporosis

Chronic soreness and fatigue are symptoms of - hyperglycemia - hypoglycemia -overuse injury - strain

overuse injury

Which of the following foods would be in the group recommended to comprise most of the daily energy intake according to the Food Guide Pyramid? -oranges -pasta -yogurt -olive oil

pasta

Which of the following is a characteristic of running versus walking? -decreased stride length -period of double-support -less vigorous arm action -period of nonsupport

period of nonsupport

All of the following are special considerations in prescribing exercise for the client with arthritis EXCEPT -periods of acute inflammation result in decreased pain and join stiffness -the need to avoid exercise of warm, swollen joints -the possibility of gait abnormalities as compensation for pain or stiffness -the possibility of gait abnormalities as compensation for pain or stiffness -the possible need to splint painful joints for protection

periods of acute inflammation result in decreased pain and join stiffness

Which of the following statements regarding warm-up is FALSE? -between 5 and 10 minutes should be allotted for a warm-up perio -muscle blood flow is increased as a result of warm-up -peripheral vasoconstriction occurs as a result of warm-up -peripheral vasodilation occurs as a result of warm-up

peripheral vasoconstriction occurs as a result of warm-up

The rules and regulations of a facility are commonly referred to as - the law - policies and procedures -a check and balance for management and clients - the client rights statement

policies and procedures

When the body consumes more calories than it uses, the condition is called -positive caloric balance -ketogenesis -negative energy balance -positive electrolyte balance

positive caloric balance

In which stage of motivational readiness is a person who is an irregular exerciser? -contemplation -action -precontemplation -preparation

preparation

Functions of bone include all of the following EXCEPT - support of the body -protection of organs and tissues -production of red blood cells -production of bone

production of bone

Relative contraindications for exercise testing are conditions for which -professional judgement about the risks and benefits of testing should determine whether to conduct an assessment - a physician should be present during the testing procedures -exercise testing should not be performed until the conditions improves exercise testing will not provide accurate assessment of health-related fitness

professional judgement about the risks and benefits of testing should determine whether to conduct an assessment

The exercise leader or health/fitness should modify exercise sessions for participants with hypertension by -implementing high-intensity (>85% of HRR), short-duration intervals -prolonging the cool-down -shortening the cool-down to less then 5 minutes -eliminating resistance training completely

prolonging the cool-down

Which of the following is not a major food fuel during exercise? -fatty acid -glucose -glycogen -protein

protein

A comprehensive patient care plan is necessary for effective program management, because it - provides raw data for analysis in CQI or outcomes assessment -is a requirement for insurance reimbursement -provides a "road map" for intervention -is required by federal law

provides a "road map" for intervention

Theories are used in programs for - perceiving rewards of certain behaviors - providing a conceptual framework for behavior assessment -giving individuals an exercise prescription -self-reevaluation

providing a conceptual framework for behavior assessment

The prime movers for the extension of the knee are the -quadriceps femoris -biceps femoris -biceps brachii -gastrocnemius

quadriceps femoris

Serious complications during an exercise session - occur more often during the late hours because of client fatigue -occur more often with women -rarely occur - occur at a rate of 1 in 3,000 hours of exercise

rarely occur

Which of the following would be the best recommendation for exercise training in a hot and humid outdoor environment? -reduce the exercise intensity -wait for approximately 2 weeks to become acclimated to the heat before exercising -increase evaporative cooling by wiping away sweat that forms on the body -use a mode of activity that would increase heat loss by convection (e.g. bicycling, running)

reduce the exercise intensity

What is the current state of knowledge on progression or regression of atherosclerosis in human coronary arteries? -progression of atherosclerosis begins at puberty -regression of atherosclerosis has been observed in clinical studies -the rate of progression or regression between those who undergo usual medical care is no different from that in those who aggressively control risk factors -regression of atherosclerosis has yet to be observed in clinical studies.

regression of atherosclerosis has been observed in clinical studies

Verbal encouragement, material incentives, self-praise, and use of specific contingency contracts are examples of -setting goals -shaping -reinforcement -antecedent control

reinforcement

During exercise of increasing intensity, the stroke volume of normal adults -remains relatively stable during submaximal exercise of greater than approximately 50% of VO2max -none of the above -continues to increase throughout the duration of exercise up to VO2max -will continue to increase and then level off just before the achievement of VO2max

remains relatively stable during submaximal exercise of greater than approximately 50% of VO2max

A "cold spot" detected in the inferior portion of the left ventricle during a stress test that resolves 3 hours later most likely indicates -an old inferior MI -a MI that is healing -reversible myocardial ischemia -the need for multiple bypass surgery

reversible myocardial ischemia

An abnormal curve of the spine with lateral deviation of the vertebral column is called - primary curve - kyphosis -scoliosis -lordosis

scoliosis

Digitalis effect refers to - scooped- out depression of the ST segment produced by digitalis - prolongation of the QRS complex produced by digitalis - shortening of the QT interval produced by digitalis - elevation of the PR interval produced by digitalis

scooped- out depression of the ST segment produced by digitalis

Treatment for claudication during exercise includes all of the following EXCEPT -daily exercise -cardiorespiratory building activities that are nonweight bearing if the plan is to work on longer duration and higher intensity to elicit a cardiorespiratory training effect -intensity of activity to maximal tolerable pain, with intermittent rest periods -stopping activity at the onset of claudication discomfort to avoid further vascular damage from ischemia

stopping activity at the onset of claudication discomfort to avoid further vascular damage from ischemia

Cartilage is categorized as which of the following types of connective tissue? - fluid -loose -supporting -dense

supporting

Which of the following is an appropriate exercise for clients with diabetes and loss of protective sensation in the extremities? - step-class exercise -jogging -swimming -prolonged walking

swimming

Which of the following would generally be the preferred mode of exercise for an elderly person? -calisthenics -archery -jogging -swimming

swimming

The eating habits of an athlete involved in long distance running should differ from those of a sedentary individual of the same body weight in what way? -there should be no change in calories -the athlete should increase protein intake to threefold the RDA -the athlete should reduce fat intake to 10% of total calories -the athlete should have a greater intake of grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean sources of protein

the athlete should have a greater intake of grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean sources of protein

Which of the following situations indicates progression to independent and unsupervised exercise for a client after CABG surgery in an outpatient program? -the client is unable to palpate HR, deliver RPEs, or maintain steady workload intensity during activity -the client is noncompliant with smoking cessation and weight loss intervention programs -the client has a functional capacity of greater than 8 MET with hemodynamic response to this level of exercise -the client exhibits mild cardiac symptoms of angina, occurring intermittently during exercise and sometimes at home while reading

the client has a functional capacity of greater than 8 MET with hemodynamic response to this level of exercise

For a client who has a contraindication to exercise testing but could benefit greatly information gained through testing, which of the following statements is TRUE? -a submaximal test is the only test that the client should complete -the contraindication is considered to be a relative contraindication -the contraindication is considered to be an absolute contraindication -the client should not be tested until the contraindication is resolved.

the contraindication is considered to be a relative contraindication

The definition of cardiorespiratory fitness is -the coordinated capacity of the heart, blood vessels, respiratory system, and tissue metabolic systems to take in, deliver, and use oxygen -the ability to sustain a held maximal force or to continue repeated sub maximal contractions -the maximal force that a muscle or muscle group can generate in a single effort - the functional ROM about a joint

the coordinated capacity of the heart, blood vessels, respiratory system, and tissue metabolic systems to take in, deliver, and use oxygen

Stroke volume is defined as -The product of preload and HR -the product of cardiac output and arteriovenous oxygen difference -the product of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance -the difference between EDV and ESV

the difference between EDV and ESV

Which of the following is NOT part of an emergency plan? -the plan should list the schedule of each staff member so that they can be accounted for during an emergency - the plan must be written -the staff should be prepared and trained in the plan -the plan should outline each specific action

the plan should list the schedule of each staff member so that they can be accounted for during an emergency

How should a fitness instructor advise a client with regard to progression of the exercise program? -the progression should be at specific increments based on a calendar schedule (e.g. add 10%, every 2 weeks) -the progression should be gradual and slow -progress the program only when the client feels ready -be aggressive in increasing the program to increase fitness

the progression should be gradual and slow

The idea that intention is the most determinant of behavior is a mental component of the - transtheoretical model -social cognitive theory -relapse prevention model -theory of planned behavior

theory of planned behavior

The idea that intention is the most important determinant of behavior is a central component of the -transtheoretical model -theory of planned behavior -relapse prevention model -social cognitive theory

theory of planned behavior

Incident reports are important, because - they document and give details of any incident or problem that occurs - they inform the manager which employees are performing poorly - they indicate which members are problematic and should be dismissed - state laws often require them

they document and give details of any incident or problem that occurs

Which type of musculoskeletal lever is most common? -first-calss -second-class -fourth-class -third-class

third-class

What procedure uses a clot-dissolving agent during acute MI to restore blood flow and limit myocardia necrosis? -radionuclide imaging -thrombolytic therapy -PTCA -CABG

thrombolytic therapy

What is the primary reason why a manager or director conduct a needs assessment? - to determine the specific needs and interests of the target market - to determine the quality of potential fitness instructor who could be hired in the area - to determine the needs of management before developing the budget. - to determine the need for new or different exercise equipment

to determine the specific needs and interests of the target market

Which of the following is the ability of a force to cause rotation of a lever? -stability -base of support -center of gravity -torque

torque

Blood leaving the heart to be oxygenated in the lungs must first pass through the right atrium and ventricle. Through which valve does blood flow when moving from the right atrium to the right ventricle? -tricuspid valve -aortic valve -pulmonic valve -bicuspid valve

tricuspid valve

Which of the following statements about emergency equipment is MOST important? - each piece of equipment should be painted a specific color for easy identification -Emergency equipment should be kept clean at all times -emergency equipment should include pencils, not pens -use of emergency equipment should be practiced routinely

use of emergency equipment should be practiced routinely

Angina that occurs at rest is termed -stable -silent -variant -typical

variant

Slapping of the foot during heel strike and increased knee and hip flexion during swing are characteristic of -weakness in the quadriceps femoris -weakness in the plantar flexors -weakness in the gluteus medius and minimum -weakness in the dorsiflexors

weakness in the dorsiflexors

All of the following are examples of aerobic exercise modalities EXCEPT -walking -weight training -stair climbing -bicycling

weight training