clinical psych ch 7 possible quiz questions

Jerome Wakefield is the creator of the theory of _____. A. harmful dysfunction B. the unconscious C. aberrant behavior D. categorical disorder

A. harmful dysfunction

Which of the following is NOT a major change in content occurring from DSM-I and DSM-II to DSM-III and beyond? Beginning with DSM-III, content relied to a much greater extent on empirical data. Beginning with DSM-III, specific diagnostic criteria were utilized to define disorders. Beginning with DSM-III, the manual's text began to decrease in size as greater focus on brief disorder symptom lists emerged. Beginning with DSM-III, the multiaxial assessment system was introduced.

Beginning with DSM-III, the manual's text began to decrease in size as greater focus on brief disorder symptom lists emerged.

______ developed specific categories of abnormality including melancholia, mania, and dementia. Jerome Wakefield Alfred Binet Philippe Pinel Ivan Pavlov

Philippe Pinel

Expanding the range of pathology covered by the DSM poses the risk that some disorders may be taken less seriously because the notion of abnormality will become more ubiquitous. True False

True

The first edition of the DSM was published in _____.

1952

All editions of the DSM have been published by the _____. A. American Psychiatric Association B. American Psychological Association C. American Psychological Society D. American Counseling Association

A. American Psychiatric Association

DSM-5 has received numerous criticisms. Which of the following is NOT a criticism discussed in the textbook? A. DSM-5 was not expanded enough, and as a result the current edition includes approximately the same number of disorders as the original edition. B. While developing DSM-5, the authors were selective and vague with information they shared with the general public. C. The membership of Work Groups was composed primarily of researchers, not clinicians. D. DSM-5's price is significantly higher than that of previous editions.

A. DSM-5 was not expanded enough, and as a result the current edition includes approximately the same number of disorders as the original edition.

Essentially, a categorical approach to diagnosis of mental disorders suggests that an individual A. either has or does not have a disorder. B. has every disorder to some extent. C. can only be diagnosed with one disorder at a single point in time. D. can have multiple disorders at the same time only if those disorders fall within the same larger category, such as depressive disorders or anxiety disorders.

A. either has or does not have a disorder.

Categorical diagnosis of mental illness has many advantages, including that it A. facilitates easier communication between professionals. B. forces professionals to think categorically. C. promotes sharper problem solving abilities. D. is easily adapted into a dimensional model of diagnosis.

A. facilitates easier communication between professionals.

The first edition of the DSM contained only three broad categories that are: A. psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders. B. internalizing, externalizing, and mediating disorders. C. primary, secondary, and tertiary disorders. D. Freudian, Jungian, and undifferentiated disorders.

A. psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders.

According to the harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders, when we try to determine what is abnormal, we should consider A. scientific or evolutionary data, as well as social values that provide context for the behavior. B. the social constructs that regulate behavior and thought. C. cognitive contributions to irregular behaviors. D. behavioral, as well as psychoanalytic, components of abnormality.

A. scientific or evolutionary data, as well as social values that provide context for the behavior.

Researchers who endorse the dimensional approach to diagnosis of mental problems most often recommend that _____ serve(s) as the basis for the dimensions. A. the five-factor model of personality B. cognitive thought distortion categories C. Holland's typologies D. the Myers-Briggs types

A. the five-factor model of personality

Based on the textbook, which of the following is NOT a revision to a mental disorder that was included in DSM-5? A. The "bereavement exclusion" included in the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode was dropped. B. Asperger's disorder was expanded and can now be diagnoses as mild, moderate, or severe Asperger's disorder. C. The age at which symptoms must first appear in individuals diagnosed with ADHD was changed from 7 to 12 years old. D. The frequency of binges required for bulimia nervosa was decreased to once per week.

B. Asperger's disorder was expanded and can now be diagnoses as mild, moderate, or severe Asperger's disorder.

DSM-5 contains a list of "unofficial" disorders that are not yet diagnosable. In what section of DSM-5 are these proposed disorders listed? A. Disorders for Further Consideration B. Emerging Measures and Models C. Proposed Criteria Groups D. Initial Disorders for Discovery

B. Emerging Measures and Models

Compared to the definition of generalized anxiety disorder in DSM-5 (2013), the definition of anxiety neurosis in DSM-II (1968) A. contains more specific diagnostic criteria. B. contains more terminology derived from psychoanalysis. C. lists more specific quantities and timeframes. D. is essentially the same; there is little difference between the two definitions.

B. contains more terminology derived from psychoanalysis.

In recent years, researchers have offered alternatives to the categorical approach to the diagnosis of mental disorders. Specifically, the _____ approach has received significant attention, especially regarding the _____ disorders. A. dimensional, anxiety B. dimensional, personality C. multiaxial, mood D. medical model, eating

B. dimensional, personality

The DSM reflects a medical model of psychopathology. This means that A. each mental disorder is a by-product of a medical disorder centered in a part of the body other than the brain. B. each mental disorder is an entity defined categorically and features a list of specific symptoms. C. medication is the only acceptable form of treatment for mental disorders. D. psychotherapy cannot be expected to succeed unless it is accompanied by medication.

B. each mental disorder is an entity defined categorically and features a list of specific symptoms.

Attenuated psychosis syndrome A. is not mentioned in the current DSM. B. is listed as a proposed criteria set in the "Emerging Measures and Models" section of the current DSM. C. is listed as an official disorder in the current DSM. D. is included in the current DSM as a subtype of major depressive disorder.

B. is listed as a proposed criteria set in the "Emerging Measures and Models" section of the current DSM.

Internet gaming disorder A. is a new diagnosis included in DSM-5. B. is listed in the Emerging Measures and Models section of DSM-5. C. has diagnostic criteria that were revised from DSM-IV to DSM-5. D. is diagnosed when an individual uses income from stolen goods to pay for online gaming memberships.

B. is listed in the Emerging Measures and Models section of DSM-5.

DSM-5 was created by A. soliciting and summarizing public opinion on which disorders in DSM-IV should be eliminated. B. prominent researchers who were members of a Task Force and Work Groups. C. the American Counseling Association. D. the same organization that publishes the International Classification of Diseases.

B. prominent researchers who were members of a Task Force and Work Groups.

DSM-I and DSM-II A. were empirically based. B. reflected a psychoanalytic orientation. C. included lists of specific symptoms or criteria for each disorder. D. offered significant generalizability and clinical utility.

B. reflected a psychoanalytic orientation.

During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the primary purpose of diagnostic categories was A. the diagnosis of prisoners. B. the collection of statistical and census data. C. compliance with health insurance and managed care company policies. D. to offer guidance toward particular forms of medication and psychotherapy.

B. the collection of statistical and census data.

DSM-III A. contained less disorders than DSM-II. B. was significantly longer in length that DSM-II. C. emphasized psychoanalytic and psychodynamic perspectives. D. introduced the General Adaptation Scale, which clinicians used to rate patients' health on a 100-point scale.

B. was significantly longer in length that DSM-II.

Recent editions of the DSM, including DSM-5, have received numerous criticisms. Which of the following statements is inconsistent with the criticisms discussed in the textbook? A. The breadth of coverage of recent DSMs was expanded too much. B. The cut-offs that separate those who qualify for disorders from those who do not are often arbitrary rather than empirically based. C. Diagnoses such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder demonstrate a significant reduction in DSM gender bias. D. Nonempirical influences, such as political and social forces, may have too much influence on the decisions made by DSM authors.

C. Diagnoses such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder demonstrate a significant reduction in DSM gender bias.

In the United States, what is the most up-to-date, prevailing diagnostic guide for mental health professionals? A. International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition B. International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition C. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 6th Edition

C. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition

Hippocrates identified an imbalance in _____ as the source of abnormality. A. the ego B. spiritual harmony C. bodily fluids D. the unconscious

C. bodily fluids

All editions of the DSM have offered a _____ approach to diagnosis. A. dimensional B. symptom- or criteria-based C. categorical D. multiaxial

C. categorical

Disorders such as attenuated psychosis syndrome are not official diagnoses and are listed as _____ in DSM-5. A. upcoming diagnoses B. research disorders C. proposed criteria sets D. culture-bound syndromes

C. proposed criteria sets

In the mid-1900s, _____ developed a classification system to treat World War II soldiers that had a significant influence on the creation of the first DSM. A. NATO B. the World Health Organization C. the U.S. Army and Veterans' Administration D. the European Psychiatric Association

C. the U.S. Army and Veterans' Administration

_____, a new disorder in DSM-5, is described by some as frequent temper tantrums in children from 6 to 18 years of age. A. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder B. Mild neurocognitive disorder C. Somatic symptom disorder D. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

D. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Which of the following is NOT a part of DSM-5's definition of a mental disorder? A. It is clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. B. It is dysfunction in mental functioning. C. It is usually associated with significant distress or disability. D. It consists of behaviors witnessed in less than 30% of the population.

D. It consists of behaviors witnessed in less than 30% of the population.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Although many publications print the newest diagnostic manual's title as DSM-5, the correct printing requires a Roman numeral (DSM-V). B. As with previous editions, the current edition of the DSM instructs clinicians to provide multiaxial diagnoses. C. The current DSM requires a GAF score to accompany all diagnoses. D. The current DSM eliminates the five axis diagnostic system.

D. The current DSM eliminates the five axis diagnostic system.

DSM-III differed from its predecessors in all of the following significant ways EXCEPT that it A. introduced a multiaxial diagnostic system. B. listed specific diagnostic criteria to define disorders. C. featured a greater reliance on empirical data rather than clinical consensus. D. emphasized psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives.

D. emphasized psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives.

The DSM is primarily authored by _____. A. social workers B. counselors C. psychologists D. psychiatrists

D. psychiatrists

Which edition of the DSM was the first to rely heavily on empirical data to determine which diagnoses to include?

DSM-III

The _____ approach to diagnosis examines where on a continuum a client's symptoms fall.

Dimensional

______ is known as the founding father of the current mental disorder diagnostic system. Philippe Pinel Emil Kraepelin Jerome Wakefield Albert Bandura

Emil Kraepelin

Lightner Witmer developed harmful dysfunction theory. True False

False

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is listed as a provisional disorder in DSM-5. True False

False

The DSM definition of a mental disorder is markedly different from Jerome Wakefield's definition. True False

False

The DSM-5 reflects a biopsychosocial model of psychopathology. True False

False

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the categorical approach to diagnosis? It facilitates communication between professionals. It lends itself to research on psychological disorders. It provides a great deal of freedom and flexibility when diagnosing patients. It is familiar to generations of mental health professionals who have been trained in the approach.

It provides a great deal of freedom and flexibility when diagnosing patients.

Which of the following is NOT true of DSM-5? DSM-5 was published in 2013. The creation of DSM-5 was overseen by members of a task force and work groups. Members of DSM-5's task force and work groups were primarily clinicians and practitioners. DSM-5 authors considered a dimensional approach for personality disorders but ultimately rejected this idea.

Members of DSM-5's task force and work groups were primarily clinicians and practitioners.

______, a new disorder in DSM-5, involves a modest decline in cognitive functions such as memory, language, attention, or executive function. Mild neurocognitive disorder Somatic symptom disorder Major neurocognitive disorder Autonomic symptom disorder

Mild neurocognitive disorder

What central feature of DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and DSM-IV-TR was eliminated in DSM-5?

The multiaxial diagnostic system

Hippocrates conceptualized abnormality as ______. the result of spiritual possession an imbalance of bodily fluids a neurological deficit a consequence of practicing witchcraft

an imbalance of bodily fluids

Which of the following had a significant influence on the creation of the first edition of the DSM? development of an early categorization system by the U.S. Army and Veterans' Administration used to diagnose and treat soldiers returning from World War II observation of individuals with mental disorders for extended periods of time in 18th century French asylums empirical support for Hippocrates' bodily fluids-based hypothesis for the origin of mental illness publication of Emil Kraepelin's 19th century text Neuroses and Diagnosis

development of an early categorization system by the U.S. Army and Veterans' Administration used to diagnose and treat soldiers returning from World War II

The ______ approach to diagnosis utilizes a continuum upon which a person falls; the ______ approach employs a definitive "has"/ "has not" system. categorical; dimensional dimensional; categorical pluralistic; singular singular; pluralistic

dimensional; categorical

The DSM reflects a _____ model of psychopathology

medical, categorical

Those who have exerted the most influence on the disorders included in the DSM are generally members of which profession? psychiatry clinical psychology social work sociology

psychiatry