Cloud +

What are the private IP address ranges?

10.X.X.X 172.16.X.X - 172.31.X.X 192.168.XX 169.254.X.X

What port does SMTP use?

25

What is ubiquitous access?

A cloud provider's capabilities are accessible via any browser, with the same level of access from home, work, etc.

What is a type 2 hypervisor?

A hypervisor installed on top of an already existing OS. Such as installing VMware on top of Windows 7.

What is RAID 0+1?

A top-level RAID 1 mirror containing two or more striped sets.

What is Raid 6? When should you use it?

Adds an additional disk for parity (so two total). Ideal when IT is not on site to support, so the organization can suffer two disc losses and still be operational. Does take longer to write data.

What is the difference between an Intranet and an Extranet?

An Intranet does not allow access to resources from outside of an organization.

What is Xaas?

Anything as a Service. Any service delivered over the internet instead of being hosted locally. Includes IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, and others.

What is multitenancy?

Architecture that provides a single instance of an application to serve multiple clients or tenants

What are the two necessities in determining network performance?

Bandwidth and latency

What is BPaas?

Business process as a service. Business process management activities are uploaded to a cloud service that monitors the delivery of business services.

What does a proxy server do?

Caches frequently accessed internet data so that computers do not have to go out to the network to view the data, they just view the copy on the proxy server.

What is CaaS?

Communications as a service

Pooled computing resources that are made available to several organizations with common needs are using

Community Cloud

A cloud that is set up for the HR department only is an example of what?

Community cloud

Four advantages of SAS? Two disadvantages?

Compatibility with SATA Higher transfer speeds serial communication vs parallel Increased availability Higher cost User of SCSI command set

What is a CDN?

Content distribution network. A way to improve performance and speed of web-based services by relocating content.

What is Tier 1 data? How should it be stored?

Data that is mission critical, secure. Stored on expensive disks with RAID parity and high availablity

What is DBaas?

Database as a service

In what type of scenario is a SSD especially valuable?

Database servers, server hosting a file share, any type of application that has any type of disk I/O bottleneck

What is DAS?

Direct Attached Storage. Directly attached to the computer (traditional hard drives). Least expensive Can't be used as shared storage to multiple hosts.

What is load balancing?

Distributing incoming HTTP or application requests across multiple devices so that no single device is overwhelmed.

What is EXT? What operating system was it created for?

Extended file system. Linux

What is a SAN protocol?

FCP

Which ports do the following services use? FTP SSH Telnet SMTP Domain BOOTP HTTP HTTPS

FTP - 21 SSH - 22 Telnet - 23 SMTP - 25 Domain - 33 BOOTP - 68 (used by DHCP) HTTP - 80 HTTPS - 443

If files needed to be downloaded securely to mobile devices, which protocol should be used?

FTPS

Five advantages of SCSI? Four disadvantages?

Faster speeds Greater scalability Compatible with older SCSI devices Reliability Appropriate for large amounts of data Higher cost Large variety of interfaces Higher RPM, which means hotter and louder More difficult configuration

What is FCP?

Fibre Channel Protocol. Protol used to send SCSI commands across FC

What is FCoE?

Fibre Channel over Ethernet. FC traffic can go over Ethernet lines while maintaining the FCP

What is FC? What speed does it operate at? What are some of its features?

Fibre Channel. Data rate of 10 Gbps Used when the highest level of performance is required. Useable over long distances

What is FAT?

File allocation table.

What is Tier 3 data? How should it be stored?

Financial data. Not accessed every day.

What does an organization use to keep Intranet resources restricted?

Firewalls or network gateways.

What is chargeback?

It allows an organization to charge the actual department or user of the IT resource instead of it falling under the IT umbrella of expenses

What is hardware-assisted virtualization?

It helps make virtualization more efficient by utilizing the hardware capabilities built into the host computer's processor

What is tiered storage?

It permits an organization to adjust where their data is being stored based on performance, availability, cost, and recovery requirements of an application

Which provides more detailed security: zoning or LUN masking?

LUN masking

You administer a website that receives thousands of hits per second. You notice the web server hosting the website is operating at close to capacity. What solution would you recommend to improve the performance of the website?

Load balancing

What is a LUN?

Logical Unite Number. Used as an identifier for a block of storage within a NAS or SAN

Four advantages of SATA? Two disadvantages?

Lower cost Large Capacity Faster transfer rates than ATA Easy configuration Slower than SCSI Not native to older OS's

Two advantages of IDE hard drives? One disadvantage?

Lower cost Large capacity Only one device can read/write at a time

What is multipathing? What does it need to be successful?

Makes multiple paths for computers to reach storage resources. May require additional hardware, wiring, software configurations to ensure high availability.

Which type of network topology is the most fault tolerant?

Mesh

What is Raid 1+0? When should you use it? How many drives do you need?

Mirrored and Striped. Used when you're willing to sacrifice storage to get speed and protection. Minimum of four drives (you loose half the space).

What is Raid 1? When should you use it?

Mirrored. When read performance and reliability is more important than storage capacity.

What is NAS?

Network attached storage. Can be done using existing infrastructure components

What is a private cloud?

Owned by a single organization and allows folks to use IT resources from a variety of locations behind a corporate firewall maintained by the organizations IT staff

In what model do consumers purchase or create applications or services that are available exclusively over the internet?

PaaS

What is PaaS?

Platform as a Service. For Developers. Allows rapid deployment of new applications and websites. Servers, storage, databases, etc., are made available by the cloud provider. Windows Azure, Google App Engine

What is PAT?

Port address translation. Assigns a port number to a device on the network. Allows the sharing of a single public IP address between multiple clients on a network

Companies using their own hardware and software assets to deliver web services are using -

Private Cloud

In what type of cloud model is an organization both the provider and the consumer?

Private cloud

The term "exclusive use" is often referring to what?

Private cloud

What's the difference between public and private cloud

Private clouds are provisioned for use by a single organization. Public clouds offer IT services to anyone with an Internet connection.

What is ISCSI? How does it work?

Protocol that uses IP packets to transmit SCSI commands to remote discs

With which devices does the most common type of caching occur?

Proxy servers

Computing services offered to all Internet Users are using

Public Cloud

What type of RAID provides no fault tolerance?

RAID 0

What RAID do you use when performance and reliability are more important than storage capacity?

RAID 1

What type of RAID should be used if there are a lot of write requests and needs high performance?

RAID 10

What type of RAID would be used if minimum write requests were needed with a large amount of read requests?

RAID 5

What is Raid 5? When should you use it?

Requires all drives but 1 to be working. Distributes parity and the data across all drives. Good performance at a reduced cost. Ideal implementation.

What is the primary difference between a router and a switch?

Routers have the ability to route traffic outside your network. Switches connect devices on your internal network

What is cloud bursting?

Running an application on a private cloud (or internal resources) and then "bursting" to the public cloud to meet high demands It is a short term way to increase available cloud resources on demand

What is Tier 2 data? How should it be stored?

Runs major business applications. Balance between cost and performance

Which storage type provides block-level storage?

SAN

Which is more secure, SFTP or FTPS?

SFTP

What type of hard drive has the highest possible I/O rate?

SSDs

What does SFTP use to secure file transfers?

SSH

What does FTPS use to secure file transfers?

SSL or TLS

In what model do consumers no longer have to manage the installation or the infrastructure that supports the application hosted at the cloud provider?

SaaS

What is demand-driven service?

Self-service that allows customers to aquire computing resources automatically and on demand without human interaction from the cloud provider

What is SaaS? Give examples.

Software as a Service. An account allows uers access to software that is accessible anytime from anywhere using a web browser. Gmail, LinkedIn.

What is SAN?

Storage Area Network. Data centers - high end storage solution Vendor specific and require specialized training to implement and support. Expensive. High availability

What is transmission latency?

The amount of time it takes for data to travel from one end of a network line to another

What is a limitation of a virtual switch? How can this be overcome?

They can not be attached to another virtual switch. However, more ports can be added

Which has better performance? Think or thick provisioning?

Thick.

Which type of network topology is most commonly used today?

Tree

What type of hypervisor is preferred in large environments due to it's speed, scalability, and non-complexity?

Type 1

What is the maximum volume size for the following file systems? UFS FAT32 NTFS VMFS ZFS

UFS = 1 YB (yottabyte) FAT32 = 2 TB NTFS = 256 TB VMFS = 64 TB ZFS = 16 EB (exabyte)

What is UFS?

Unix file system

What is NAT?

Used by a router to modify packets so that multiple devices can share a single IP address. For example, all computers share a single, public facing IP address when broadcasting outside the organization.

What is Tier 4 data?

Used for compliance requirements. Does not need to be instantly accessable.

What does DHCP do?

Used to auto-assign IP addresses to computers

What is LUN masking?

Used to isolate storage devices from the storage controller itself.

What is zoning?

Used to isolate storage devices. Done via hardware, like a switch

What is ZFS? Who's file system is it? What are some of its features?

Z file system. Sun Microsystems. Protects against data corruption and supports high storage capacities.

Which file system was designed to protect against data corruption and is a 128-bit file system?

ZFSQ

____ helps the virtual machine interact with the host machine

Guest tools

What is a HBA?

Host bus adapter. IT connects a server to a storage device and improves its performance by providing extra processing.

What cloud model allows the cloud provider to own the equipment and is responsible for its ongoing maintenance and operation?

IaaS

What cloud model supports a "pay-as-you-use" or "pay-as-you-grow"?

IaaS

Who primarily uses each of these services: IaaS PaaS SaaS

IaaS - IT Service Providers PaaS - Developers SaaS - End users

What is Raid 0? When should you use it?

Increased performance, but no redundancy. When you need low cost of implementation, high write speed, and noncritical data that is backed up on a regular basis.

What is IaaS?

Infrastructure as a Service. For IT Administrators. Creating your own VM. Includes the self-provisioning of servers, storage, etc., via a web based portal. Includes the creation of cloud based storage and servers. Rackspace, Amazon S3 Storage.

In a cloud based storage environment, the storage itself is considered what? What is the access/web service considered?

Infrastructure. Platform.

What is a type 1 hypervisor?

Installed on top of a bare metal install. It is basically the OS for the bare machine

What is a concern when proprietary settings are used instead of widely accepted standards in a cloud setup?

Vendor lock-in

What is VMFS? Who's file system is it?

Virtual machine file system. VMWare.

A computer running a hypervisor is called the ....

host