CM 1070 Final

What are the sustainable and green practices to be used in the building pre-design and design phases?

There are four main opportunities in pre-design sustainability opportunities: Facility options identification, Portfolio management and resource allocation, Sustainability goals and requirements establishment, Project delivery planning. Design for a Sustainable Built Environment: Sustainable Sites, Energy Optimization, Water and Wastewater Performance, Material Optimization, Indoor Environmental quality, Integrated Strategies.

How to use life-cycle costing for decision-making?

There is a relationship between the premium cost, life-cycle cost, and energy consumption of each option. [Module 7 Lightbulb activity]

According to the pillars of sustainability theory (week vs. strong sustainability), a product that considers both "Environmental" and "social" aspects is: a. Equitable b. Sustainable c. Bearable d. Viable

c. Bearable

Which of the following is the first major cornerstone (or birth of) sustainability movement? a. Organizing the first conference on Human Environment b. Setting the first earth day c. Publication of Silent Spring by Rachel Carson d. Organizing the World Conservation Strategy meeting

c. Publication of Silent Spring by Rachel Carson

How to design, develop, and manage a sustainability program in an organization?

Inspiration, Motivation, Implementation, Evaluation

What are the green trends of sustainability in the built environment?

1. Renewable fuels for electric power generation 2. Water resource management, including reuse and recycling of water 3. Carbon regulations and policy 4. 'Green' as good business 5. Greening of transportation 6. Increased availability of green products/services 7. Systems approach to environmental analysis 8. Increased resource needs of growing urban population 9. Information and communication technologies use instead of traveling 10. Green building

What are carbon footprint and embodied carbon, and how can they be measured?

A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions that come from the production, use, and end-of-life of a product or service. The most common measurement of carbon footprint is the mass of carbon dioxide (CO2). Embodied carbon is the sum of all the greenhouse gas emissions. The best way to measure embodied carbon is whole-building life-cycle assessment.

What is a life-cycle assessment of a material or a project?

A technique for assessing the potential environmental aspects and potential aspects associated with a product. The construction material life-cycle can be divided into three phases: upstream of use (production of the material), the use of the material itself (the period of using that material), and downstream of use (the disposal of the material). Life cycle Assessments for Buildings have 4 phases: Production stage, Construction stage, Use stage, and End-of-service stage.

What are the main features of sustainable design and construction?

Enable all people to meet their basic needs and improve their quality of life, while ensuring that the natural systems, resources, and diversity upon which they depend are maintained and enhanced, for both their benefit and that of future generations.

What are the global impacts of sustainability?

For example, reducing energy consumption in built facilities can significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions, which reduces the vulnerability of society to climate change at a global level.

What are the technologies and processes to enhance sustainability?

Green materials research, nanotechnology, equipment technologies and integrated performance modelling.

What is LEED certification, and how does it work?

LEED stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design and is widely used in the USA. It is the certification program for the US Green Building Council. LEED has four levels of certification: Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum. LEED projects that can be certified: Building Design and Construction Interior Design and Construction Building Operations and Maintenance Neighborhood Development Homes

What is the impact of human behavior on sustainability?

Rebound Effect- in the long term, an increase in efficiency in resource use will generate an increase in resource consumption rather than a decrease. Tragedy of Commons- every individual has an incentive to consume a resource, but at the expense of every other individual Precautionary Principle- an approach to prevent the implementation of innovations with the potential for causing harm when extensive scientific knowledge on the matter is lacking

What are the sustainable and green practices to be used in the building operation & maintenance and end of service life phases?

Several opportunities to enhance sustainability during the operation phase of the building, including: Optimizing energy and water performance Green product procurement Green waste management Green housekeeping, comfort, and environmental quality Green renovations and indoor air quality Material and equipment refurbishment and reuse. There are two major strategies to put an end to a building lifecycle in a green way: Deconstruction Ecosystem restoration.

What are the sustainable and green practices to be used in the building construction phase?

Sustainable Site Development, Erosion & Sediment Control, Pollution Prevention, Earthwork Improvement, Temporary Construction, Prefabrication & Modularization, Green Materials, Building Commissioning, Resource Recovery

What are the integrative design process, Prevention through design, and project delivery?

The Integrated Design Process (IDP) is comprised of 3 main components, resources analysis and modeling, materials analysis, and ecological site planning. Prevention through Design is a hierarchy of controls: Elimination involves changing the design to remove the hazard Substitution replaces the hazard with something less hazardous, Engineering Controls creates barriers between the hazard and the people at risk, Administrative Controls involves changing the way people work to reduce risk and exposure, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) provides protection for people exposed to the hazard. Project delivery method, is the process by which a project is designed and constructed.

What are the sources of renewable energy?

Wind, Biomass, Biofuels, Solar Energy, Geothermal, Cogeneration, and Hydropower

What is net-zero energy building?

Zero energy buildings combine energy efficiency and renewable energy generation to consume only as much energy as can be produced onsite through renewable resources over a specified time period.

Products with (1) longer service lives, and (2) lower maintenance costs will typically have ____________ life-cycle cost. a. (1) lower; (2) lower b. (1) higher; (2) lower c. (1) lower; (2) higher d. (1) higher; (2) higher

a. (1) lower; (2) lower

Which of the following is NOT a legitimate effect of construction activity on the environment? a. Crop contamination b. Soil erosion c. Global warming d. Ozone depletion

a. Crop contamination

The carbon emitted per unit of energy used in buildings depends on: a. all of the items b. how the energy is generated c. how the energy is used d. what kind of building the energy is used in

b. how the energy is generated

Which of the following is a social benefit of sustainable design and construction? a. Heighten aesthetic qualities b. Conserve natural resources c. Improve occupant productivity d. Minimize occupant absenteeism

a. Heighten aesthetic qualities

In order to produce 1,000 kWh of electricity, which statement is true? a. If we use Coal as the source of energy, more carbon dioxide (CO2) will be emitted than we use Natural Gas b. If we use Natural Gas as the source of energy, more carbon dioxide (CO2) will be emitted than we use Coal c. The emitted carbon dioxide (CO2) is the same for Coal and Natural Gas as a source of energy as long as it is the same amount of 1,000 kWh of electricity d. The source of energy is not the needed information to calculate the emitted carbon dioxide (CO2)

a. If we use Coal as the source of energy, more carbon dioxide (CO2) will be emitted than we use Natural Gas

LEED is one of the most well-known green building rating systems worldwide, developed by the United States. What does LEED stand for? a. Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design b. Leadership in Energy Efficiency Design c. Leadership in Energy & Environmental Development d. Leadership in Energy Efficiency Development

a. Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design

Who plays the strongest role in the success of a sustainability program for built facilities? a. owners and supporting personnel b. shareholders or taxpayers c. Designers and contractors d. industries that are required to comply with policy requirements

a. owners and supporting personnel

What are the benefits of sustainable design and construction? a. Political, Environmental, Global b. Environmental, Economic, Social c. Social, Environmental, Global d. Economic, Political, Global

b. Environmental, Economic, Social

Sustainability programs generally consist of four basic elements as follows. In which step would you cover program compliance and/or the effectiveness of the policy? a. Motivation b. Evaluation c. Inspiration d. Implementation

b. Evaluation

Misleading claims about the environmental benefits of a product, company, or other entity are known as: a. brainwashing b. greenwashing c. envirowashing d. whitewashing

b. greenwashing

The evolution of sustainability science has included many insights about how natural systems and stocks of natural resources require constraints on human behavior if sustainability requirements for future generations are to be obtained. In this regard, one human behavior theory that influences the overall sustainability equation is "Tragedy of Commons." Which of the following is an example of this theory)? a. Fuel efficiency improvements in passenger cars have made driving cheaper, resulting in users driving more and buying bigger cars and/or spending the remaining savings on other products. As a result, total fuel and energy savings are reduced. b. Lighting has gotten vastly cheaper per unit as the world has moved from lamp oil to tallow candles to incandescent bulbs to fluorescent bulbs. Yet people now use more resources for lighting than we ever have in the past, since we have chosen to put lights almost everywhere. c. Thousands of farms are located along the Mississippi River and its tributaries through the central U.S. As water washes into the river after a heavy rain, it brings with it nutrients from fertilizers added to farmland. These materials flow downriver and eventually enter the Gulf of Mexico, where they create conditions for a dead zone — a region of the ecosystem that cannot support any living creatures. d. A government decides to limit or restrict the widespread release of a new sustainable technology until it has been thoroughly tested to make sure there are no threats and risks to the human being. This protection should be relaxed only if further scientific findings emerge that provide sound evidence that no harm will result.

c. Thousands of farms are located along the Mississippi River and its tributaries through the central U.S. As water washes into the river after a heavy rain, it brings with it nutrients from fertilizers added to farmland. These materials flow downriver and eventually enter the Gulf of Mexico, where they create conditions for a dead zone — a region of the ecosystem that cannot support any living creatures.

Many scientists claim that greenhouse gas emissions are closely related to global warming and climate change, including rising sea levels, increased occurrence of severe weather events, and resulting food shortages. The built environment has among the largest potential of any industry to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as a means of addressing these problems. Which one of the following activities in the built environment can have the highest impact on climate change and global warming? a. Enabling occupants to adjust ambient conditions (e.g., temperature and humidity) to enhance the occupant comfort level b. Using ultra low-flow toilets and urinals to enhance water efficiency c. Using advanced designs and construction techniques that reduce heating, cooling, ventilation, and lighting energy consumption to enhance energy efficiency d. Providing recyclable bins to reduce wastes and enhance the culture of recycling

c. Using advanced designs and construction techniques that reduce heating, cooling, ventilation, and lighting energy consumption to enhance energy efficiency

According to your textbook, human impact on the earth is a function of population, affluence, and technology, as follows: Human Environmental Impact=Population ×Affluence ×Technology How would the human-Environment impact change if (1) population increased; and (2) per capita level of affluence of the population decreased? a. (1)Decrease; (2) Increase. b. (1) Increase; (2) Increase. c. (1) Decrease; (2) Decrease. d. (1) Increase; (2) Decrease.

d. (1) Increase; (2) Decrease.

To choose a green product, which information would NOT help you to evaluate the sustainability of that product? a. Are there any comparable alternative products? b. Are there any third-party backup certifications for green labels? c. Where are the raw materials from? d. Are the ingredients natural?

d. Are the ingredients natural?

_______________ is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. a. Sustainable equity b. Social movement c. Political ecology d. Environmental justice

d. Environmental justice

Which of the following is NOT a LEED level of certification? a. Platinum b. Certified c. Gold d. Green

d. Green

Which of the following is NOT a proper definition of sustainable construction (known as the green building)? a. The practice of creating structures that are environmentally responsible and resource-deficient throughout a building's lifecycle. b. The practice of increasing building efficiency and reducing building impacts on human health and the environment. c. A healthy facility designed and built in a resource-efficient manner, using ecologically-based principles. d. The practice of keeping a building in an acceptable condition throughout the complete building life cycle.

d. The practice of keeping a building in an acceptable condition throughout the complete building life cycle.

Which one is NOT the fundamental components for sustainable development? a. social equity b. environmental protection c. economic growth d. public safety

d. public safety