CMPE 187 Midterm

When does a closure error occur?

A closure error occurs if a boundary is open when the intention is to have a closed boundary or vice versa.

What is a loop-free path is data flow diagram?

A loop-free path is a path in which all nodes are distinct.

What is a branch in CFG? A. An outgoing edge from a node B. An upward edge C. A node with no children D. None of the above

A. An outgoing edge from a node

Which of the following symbols in the a control flow graph creates a conditional statement where control can diverge? A. Decision point B. Process block C. Junction point D. None of the above

A. Decision point

What does a low mutation score for an Oracle indicate? A. Effective B. Not Effective C. Not a feasible D. B and C

A. Effective

The set of all possible input to a program unit is known as an: A. Input Domain B. Input Vector C. Input Dataset D. Input Data Domain

A. Input Domain

This term describes the process of code being reviewed by applying techniques such as inspection and walkthrough. A. Static Unit Testing B. Dynamic Unit Testing C. Control Flow Testing D. Data Flow Testing

A. Static Unit Testing

100% path coverage may be impractical A. True B. False

A. True

The purpose of test planning and design is ________. A. to get ready and organized for test execution B. to increase productivity of the testers C. to reduce durations of the testing phases D. to retain test engineers management

A. to get ready and organized for test execution

What is validation? A. Building the product correctly B. Building the right product C. Building software with no bugs D. A and B

B. Building the right product

You are given a C++ routine that controls the iRobot Roomba and asked to check each step using criteria written in a coding style guide. This is an example of: A. Blackbox Testing B. Code Review C. Validation D. Walkthrough

B. Code Review

If all possible combinations of truth values of the conditions affecting a path have been explored under some tests, predicate coverage has not been achieved A. True B. False

B. False

In which of the techniques below, Input/output domains are defined to compute the input values that will cause the unit to produce expected output values? A. Control flow testing B. Functional program testing C. Data flow testing D. Data testing

B. Functional program testing

Which of the following tests provide comprehensive testing over the full range of requirements, within the capabilities of the system. A. Performance Tests B. Functionality Tests C. Reliability Tests D. Scalability Tests

B. Functionality Tests

The set of all possible input to a program unit is known as an: A. Input Data Domain B. Input Domain C. Input Dataset D. Input Vector

B. Input Domain

Which of the following is a path in which all nodes are distinct. A. Simple path B. Loop-free path C. Complete path D. Du-path

B. Loop-free path

Which is ​NOT​ a type of system test? A. Stress B. Mutation C. Documentation D. Reliability

B. Mutation

A test oracle is ________. A. an outcome of program execution B. a mechanism that verifies the correctness of program outputs C. a sequence of values which must be interpreted together for the outcome to be valid D. the domain of possible inputs of a program

B. a mechanism that verifies the correctness of program outputs

A graphical representation of program execution flow is called a: A. Execution Flow Diagram B. Data Flow Diagram C. Control Flow Diagram D. Work Flow Diagram

C. Control Flow Diagram

Which of the following in known as​ ​Branch Coverage? A. Executing every path from entry to exit B. Executing every statement from entry to exit C. Executing every condition from entry to exit D. None of the Above

C. Executing every condition from entry to exit

A test case is simple pair of what? A. Input, Actual output3 B. Expected output, Actual output C. Input, Expected output D. None of the above

C. Input, Expected output

The process of discovering the causes of a failure and eliminating them is called: A. Mutating B. Root Cause Analysis C. None of these D. Fault finding

C. None of these

Activities of this kind help us in confirming that a product meets its intended use. ______ activities aim at confirming that a product meets its customer's expectations. In other words, ______ activities focus on the final product, which is extensively tested from the customer point of view. ______ establishes whether the product meets overall expectations of the users. A. Verification B. Confirmation C. Validation D. Testing

C. Validation

This kind of activity helps us in evaluating a software system by determining whether the product of a given development phase satisfies requirements established before the start of that phase. ______ activities check the correctness of a development phase. A. Validation B. Evaluation C. Verification D. Checking

C. Verification

Which of the following are objectives of testing: A. Reducing the risk of failure B. Reducing costs C. Checking if the software works well D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following represents a behavioral characteristic of a system: A. Efficiency B. Correctness C. Reliability D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which one is an example of Static Analysis? A. Code Review B. Inspection C. Algorithm Analysis D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which one is not a type of a program fault? A. Mission Control Flow Paths B. Logic fault C. Performance Fault D. Compiler Fault

D. Compiler Fault

A Data Flow Diagram is a: A. Multi-​directional Graph B. Loop Free Graph C. Undirected Graph D. Directed Graph

D. Directed Graph

In the story of the three little pigs, the first two pass: A. Verification B. Static Testing C. Robustness Testing D. Validation

D. Validation

What is data flow?

Data flow is a readily identifiable concept in a program unit.

Which of the followings about Unit Testing are true? A. Static unit testing is not an alternative to dynamic unit testing B. Static and Dynamic analysis are complementary in nature C. In practice, partial dynamic unit testing is performed concurrently with static unit testing D. In practice, partial dynamic unit testing is performed concurrently with static unit testing E. All of above

E. All of above

What does it mean to have full branch coverage?

Every single branch in the program is completed at least once.

A mutant is called immortal or stubborn, if the existing set of test cases is insufficient to kill it. (True/False)

False

True or ​false​? Black box testing is known as structural testing

False

True or ​false​? White box testing is known as functional testing.

False

What are common approaches to perform system integration testing?

Incremental, top-down, bottom-up, sandwich, big-bang

What is an interface error?

Interface errors are those are associated with structures existing outside the local environment of a module which the module uses

What is Junction point in Control Flow Graph?

It is where control flow merges

how do you define the mutation score?

Ms = (# of Mutations Discovered/ Total # of Mutation)

Reliability is tested via what testing method?

Random testing

What are three symbols used to construct a Control Flow Graph?

Sequential computation, decision point, merge point

What are 2 categories that software quality assesment can be divided into?

Static Analysis and Dynamic Analysis

​what are the differences between Static and Dynamic testing ?

Static data flow testing - identify potential defects, commonly known as data flow anomaly and analyze source code-Dynamic data flow testing involves actual program execution and bears similarity with control flow testing.

When is integration testing complete?

System fully together, all the test cases have executed, all severe and moderate defects found and fixed

What is a disadvantage of the bottom-up approach for system integration?

Test engineers cannot observe system-level functions from a partly integrated system.

What are the logging and tracing tests designed to verify?

The configurations and operations of logging and tracing

What are GUI tests designed to verify?

The various components such as icons, menu bars, dialog boxes, scroll bars, list boxes, and radio buttons

What is the sandwich approach?

This approach a system is integrated using a mix of top-down, bottom-up, and big-bang approaches.

A quality criterion is an attribute of a quality factor that is related to software development. (True/False)

True

A quality factor represents behavioral characteristic of a system. (True/False)

True

A simple path is a path in which all nodes, except possibly the first and the last, are distinct. (True/False)

True

Modules are assembled to construct larger subsystem and tested that called Integration testing. (True/False)

True

True​ or False? Validation means that the correct product is built.

True

True​ or False? Verification means that the product is built correctly.

True

Unit testing is individual program units, such as a procedure, methods in isolation. (True/False)

True

Verification allows the system to integrated to any external or third party systems defined in the requirements. (True/False)

True

what are the three types of abnormal situations with using variable.

Type 1: Defined and then defined again, Type 2: Undefined but referenced, Type 3: Defined but not referenced

What is the different between Verification and Validation?

Verification: building the product correctly Validation: building the correct product

Mutation score is: a) # of mutations discovered / total # of Mutations b) Total # of mutations / # of mutations discovered c) # of unit tests / # of mutations made d) # of unit tests / total # of mutations made

a) # of mutations discovered / total # of Mutations

What is a Unit? a) A segment of code defined by the developer b) The smallest piece of the code c) A and B d) None

a) A segment of code defined by the developer

Select all that describes c-use (it can be one) a) It directly affects the computation being performed b) It is abbreviation for commercial-use c) It refers to the use of a variable in a predicate controlling the flow execution d) It is part of the flow-diagram

a) It directly affects the computation being performed

Which of the following describes p-use? a) It refers to the use of a variable in a predicate controlling the flow execution b) It directly affects the computation being performed c) It is abbreviation for precious-use d) None of the above

a) It refers to the use of a variable in a predicate controlling the flow execution

If all the path in a Control Flow Graph are selected, then one can detect all faults, except those due to _________ errors. a) Missing Path b) Missing Flow c) Segmentation Fault d) Missing Branch

a) Missing Path

Which of these are people involved during static testing? a) Moderator b) Administrator c) Author d) Record Keeper

a) Moderator c) Author d) Record Keeper

Choose all that you can do static testing on a) Pseudo Code b) API docs c) CPU d) Designs

a) Pseudo Code b) API docs d) Designs

What is the order of code review? a) Readiness, Preparation, Examination, Re-work, Validation, Exit b) Readiness, Examination, Preparation, Re-work, Validation, Exit c) Readiness, Examination, Preparation, Validation, Re-work, Exit d) Readiness, Preparation, Examination, Validation, Re-work, Exi

a) Readiness, Preparation, Examination, Re-work, Validation, Exit

What are the steps for static unit testing? a) Readiness, preparation, examination, re-work, validation b) Requirements, functional specification, high-level design, low-level design, code c) Draw, select, identify, derive, solve d) Create plan, define requirements, create test specifications, test, revise

a) Readiness, preparation, examination, re-work, validation

Two modules that share blocks of memory and can read/write them have implemented a a) Shared Memory Interface b) Procedure Call Interface c) Message Passing Interface d) Pointer Sharing Interface

a) Shared Memory Interface

Static data flow testing is performed by analyzing the _________, ... a) Source code b) Documentation c) Data Flow Diagram d) Reference types

a) Source code

What is a Fault? a) The cause of an error; a bug in the system b) State of the system c) When the output does not meet expectations d) When the code crashes or quits unexpectedly

a) The cause of an error; a bug in the system

Which is not a Control Flow Assumption? a) There are still bugs in the code b) We have correct specifications c) Data can be accessed correctly d) Definitions of data are correct

a) There are still bugs in the code

What is a defect? a. A bug b. Mechanism that verifies the correctness of program inputs c. Valid/Invalid inputs d. State of the system; could lead to a failure

a. A bug

What is a test driver? a. A program that invokes the unit under test b. A person that tests your code before sending it out to production c. A program that creates tests for your code d. A program that tests your source code for errors

a. A program that invokes the unit under test

What is a mutation? a. A very simple change introduced in the system to see the robustness of the product b. Fully rewritten source code to improve logic of the program c. The changing of an IDE to prevent cross-platform errors d. An assumption made by the compiler to catch and test the program

a. A very simple change introduced in the system to see the robustness of the product

What is dynamic analysis? a. Actual program execution to expose possible program failure b. Examining code and figure out what might arise during run time c. Writing psuedo code d. Fixing syntax errors

a. Actual program execution to expose possible program failure

When is 100% statement coverage achieved? a. All statements executed at least once. b. All statements executed twice. c. Main statements executed twice. d. Main statements executed at least once.

a. All statements executed at least once.

Which system integration approach tests all modules individually and then does integration testing after integrating those individually tested modules? a. Big Bang b. Sandwich c. Top Down d. Bottom Up

a. Big Bang

From a geometrical perspective, a domain is defined by a set of constraints called a. Boundary inequalities b. Constraints c. Edges d. Domain

a. Boundary inequalities

What is Validation? a. Build the right product b. Product is built in the right way

a. Build the right product

A point is said to be ______ if the points on the boundary are included in the domain of interest a. Closed b. Open

a. Closed

_________ is an example of static analysis a. Code analysis b. Running the program c. Running test cases.

a. Code analysis

Mutation testing makes two major assumptions a. Competent Programmer hypothesis & Coupling effects b. Arithmetic operator replacement and Relational operator replacement c. Statement deletion and return statement replacement

a. Competent Programmer hypothesis & Coupling effects

A __________ occurs when a specific input data causes the correct path to execute but the output value is wrong. a. Computation error b. Domain error c. Processing error d. Output error

a. Computation error

Pick the limitations of testing. a. Confirming program correctness b. Takes too long c. We don't know the expected output d. Test-fix-retest cycles

a. Confirming program correctness c. We don't know the expected output

Dynamic data flow testing bears similarity with a. Control flow testing b. Unit testing c. Static testing d. Domain testing

a. Control flow testing

Choose the types of expenses associated with a testing process. a. Cost of designing, maintaining and executing test cases. b. Cost of analyzing the result of executing each test case. c. Cost of producing the bare minimum number of arbitrary test cases. d. Cost of documenting test cases e. Cost of executing the system and documenting it.

a. Cost of designing, maintaining and executing test cases. b. Cost of analyzing the result of executing each test case. d. Cost of documenting test cases e. Cost of executing the system and documenting it.

What is an example of a type 1 anomaly? a. Defined and then defined again b. Undefined but referenced c. Defined but not referenced d. An abnormal way of doing something

a. Defined and then defined again

What are the three types of abnormal situations? a. Defined and then defined again Undefined but referenced Defined but not referenced b. Defined and then defined again Undefined and not referenced Defined but not referenced c. Defined and referenced Undefined but referenced Defined but not referenced d. Defined and referenced Undefined but referenced Defined and not used

a. Defined and then defined again Undefined but referenced Defined but not referenced

A _______ occurs when a specific input data causes the program to execute a wrong path a. Domain error b. Computation error c. User error d. Exception

a. Domain error

Who is responsible for Quality? a. Everybody is responsible for quality b. The programmers c. The users

a. Everybody is responsible for quality

100% Statement Coverage means it implies 100% Branch Coverage a. FALSE b. TRUE

a. FALSE

A computational error executes the wrong path because of a fault in the assignment statement a. False b. True

a. False

Global variables can be eliminated by a process called symbolic execution a. False b. True

a. False

What is an input value that is valid, but not properly timed? a. Inopportune b. Valid c. Late d. Invalid

a. Inopportune

What are the two techniques applied during static unit testing? a. Inspection and Walkthrough b. Compiling and Running the Code c. Inspection and Testing d. Compiling and Inspection of Results

a. Inspection and Walkthrough

Which type of integration testing tests interactions between independent systems? a. Intersystem testing b. Intrasystem testing c. Pairwise testing d. None of these

a. Intersystem testing

A mutant is said to be _______ when a test case causes a mutant to fail a. Killed b. Non-killable c. Mutated d. Equivalent

a. Killed

Consider the boundary x + 7*y >= 6. The point (-1,1) is an: a. ON point b. OFF point c. None of the above

a. ON point

Executing every path from entry to exit is known as: a. Path Coverage b. Statement Coverage c. Branch Coverage d. Complete Coverage

a. Path Coverage

Executing individual program statements and observing the output is known as: a. Path Coverage b. Branch Coverage c. Program Coverage d. Full Coverage

a. Path Coverage

In the case of mutations, what is a mutant? a. Program with a fault introduced b. Result of program execution c. Syntax error d. Runtime error

a. Program with a fault introduced

Which of these are key elements of Total Quality Control/ a. Quality and Customer come first b. Profits are the most important c. Decisions are based on manager's whim d. Management is centralized

a. Quality and Customer come first

___________ is one of the characteristics of quality where the program behaves consistently a. Reliability b. Extensibility c. Robustness d. Understandability

a. Reliability

Which examines the code and reasons over all behaviors that might arise during run time? a. Role of Testing b. Software Quality c. Objectives of Testing d. Concept of Complete Testing

a. Role of Testing

Which is a Type of Domain Errors occurs when the implemented boundary is parallel to the intended boundary a. Shifted-boundary error b. Tilted-boundary error c. Closure error d. Open boundary

a. Shifted-boundary error

What is mutation? a. Simple changes in the program b. Combination of c. Code Review d. Debugging

a. Simple changes in the program

The concept of a _____________ is used to model a program variable to identify data flow anomaly a. State-transition diagram b. State diagram c. UML diagram d. Class diagram

a. State-transition diagram

Data flow testing can be performed at what two conceptual levels? a. Static and Dynamic b. Upper and lower c. Black and Gray d. Left and right

a. Static and Dynamic

What are three types of system tests? a. Stress, performance, scalability b. Stress, flexibility, robustness c. Robustness, verification, performance d. Flexibility, scalability, stress

a. Stress, performance, scalability

What is control flow? a. Successive execution of program statementsb. Methods c. Loops

a. Successive execution of program statements

Which type of testing uses common approaches such as Sandwich, Top-down, Big-bang,...? a. System Integration Testing b. Domain Testing c. Data Flow Testing d. None of the above

a. System Integration Testing

Which of the following are typically involved in a test automation framework? a. Test Plan b. JUnit Test c. PyUnit Test d. All of these

a. Test Plan

What do condition do? a. To alter the flow of the program b. To create only one path c. System requirements

a. To alter the flow of the program

100% branch coverage means selecting a set of paths such that each branch is included on some path. a. True b. False

a. True

Assertion help detect impossible conditions? a. True b. False

a. True

Assignment and Conditional statements are the two basic kinds of program statements. a. True b. False

a. True

Static Testing and Dynamic Testing are mutually complementary? a. True b. False

a. True

Testing can reveal the presence of faults, but not their absence? a. True b. False

a. True

Verification means building the product correctly, whereas validation means building the correct product a. True b. False

a. True

______________ is one of the 3 types of anomolies in Data Flow Testing a. Undefined but Referenced b. Defined and Referenced c. Undeclared and Uninstantiated d. Declared and Used

a. Undefined but Referenced

When the system satisfies the contractual acceptance criteria, this is: a. User Acceptance Testing b. Business Acceptance Testing c. Integration Testing d. Unit Testing

a. User Acceptance Testing

________ Is building the right product a. Validation b. Verification

a. Validation

_________ is building the product right a. Verification b. Validation

a. Verification

In the story of the 3 little pigs, the brick house passed: a. Verification and Validation b. Verficiation c. Validation d. Building Inspection

a. Verification and Validation

What are the main things we test for when testing for quality assurance? a. Verification and Validation b. Verification and Verbalization c. Valuation and Variation d. Validation and Visualization

a. Verification and Validation

What's the difference between verification and validation?

a. Verification: making sure the product is build correctly b. Validation: confirm that a product meets its intended use, build the right product

When do we stop analyzing? a. When we breakdown the problem into units. b. When the programmer cannot find more errors c. When the code reviewers are tired.

a. When we breakdown the problem into units.

The mutant is killed if a. the test is fails with the mutant b. the test passes c. Fault is undiscovered d. Mutant passes test suite

a. the test is fails with the mutant

Implementing a conditional with a < instead of a ≤ is seen as a a) Shifted-Boundary Error b) Closure Error (answer) c) Tilted-Boundary Error d) Off By One Error

b) Closure Error (answer)

Static testing requires the problem to be executed a) True b) False

b) False

The development for a system is a form of validation. a) True b) False

b) False

What is Complete Path (Entry - Exit Path) in control flow testing? a) Testing all inputs and associated outputs of the program b) Path starts at the entry of a routine and ends at its exit c) Path starts at the first line of the program and ends at the last line d) The complete path is found in the test Oracle

b) Path starts at the entry of a routine and ends at its exit

Which of the following techniques isn't used to uncover faults in unit testing? a) Data Flow Testing b) Regression Fault Testing c) Domain Testing d) Functional Program Testing

b) Regression Fault Testing

What is a unit in unit testing? a) Unit is anything you want to test. You need to define it. b) Specific function c) Specific variable d) A whole program

b) Specific function

Select all that are conceptual types of Data Flow Testing? a) Black Box b) Static c) White Box d) Dynamic e) Path f) Branch

b) Static d) Dynamic

What is Static Testing? a) Testing the code using the same environment b) Testing the code without running it (Correct Answer) c) Using static methods to test the code d) Using a testing method that doesn't change

b) Testing the code without running it (Correct Answer)

Input domain is a) All data that a function can take b) The set of all input data to the program c) The upper and lower bound of data for a CFG graph path d) A point of interest for a program

b) The set of all input data to the program

What are the 5 views of software quality? a) Employee, User's, Transcendental, Product, Manufacturing b) Transcendental, User's, Manufacturing, Product, Value-based c) Transcendental, Value-based, Profit-based, Product, User's d) Manufacturing, Software, Hardware, Product, Profit

b) Transcendental, User's, Manufacturing, Product, Value-based

Which is not part of a complete testing for control flow testing? a) Statement testing b) Unit testing c) Path testing d) Branch testing

b) Unit testing

Which of the following is not part of the Shewhart Cycle? a) act b) process c) plan d) do e) check

b) process

What is a control flow graph? a. A sequence of statements from entry to exit b. A graphical representation of a program's control structure c. A collection of all data entities read by routine whose values must be fixed prior to entering routine d. A set of predicates associated with a path

b. A graphical representation of a program's control structure

Which of these should be used during coding to prevent errors: a. Instrumentation4 b. All of these c. Standard Controls d. Assertions

b. All of these

Security Tests must verify that the system meets these security requirements: a. Scalability, Authenticity, Availability b. Availability, Confidentiality, Integrity c. Robustness, Integrity, Ease-of-use d. None of the above

b. Availability, Confidentiality, Integrity

You agreed to test Instagram's Story feature and have been given a beta version to run. This is an example of: a. White-box Testing b. Black-box Testing c. Dynamic Testing d. Static Testing

b. Black-box Testing

When implementing Control Flow Testing, If your test cases cover all outgoing edges of each rectangular node in the control flow graph, what path selection criterion have you achieved? a. Statement Coverage b. Branch Coverage c. All-Path Coverage d. Insurance Coverage e. Predicate Coverage

b. Branch Coverage

The variable y has been used to compute a value of x as: x = y +100. This is an example of: a. P-use b. C-use c. Definition d. None of the above

b. C-use

A data flow graph is a _________ a. Undirected graph b. Directed graph c. Endless graph d. Multi-dimensional graph

b. Directed graph

. ______ is said to occur whenever the external behavior of a system does not conform to that prescribed in the system specification a. Error b. Failure c. Fault d. Defect

b. Failure

100% path coverage is the most practical way to execute Control Flow Testing, regardless of the program. a. True b. False

b. False

During the course of code check both the writer of the code as well as the code itself is evaluated? a. Trues b. False

b. False

Dynamic Analysis consists of code review, walkthrough and algorithm analysis. a. True b. False

b. False

Only source code can be inspected during a code review? a. True b. False

b. False

Static and Dynamic Analysis are not complementary. a. True b. False

b. False

Static unit testing can completely replace dynamic unit testing. a. True b. False

b. False

Stress tests put a system under stress in order to determine the limitations of a system and, when it fails, to determine the manner in which the failure occurs. a. True b. False

b. False

When there is no input to execute the path, this is a: a. Executable Path b. Infeasible Path c. Complete Path d. Process Block

b. Infeasible Path

When a test case fail it is then called as? a. Mutated b. Killed c. Prosecuted d. Assassinated

b. Killed

4 p's of software engineering? a. Product, process, proposal, project b. People, product, project, process c. Project, process, product, purpose d. Process, project, product, pros

b. People, product, project, process

What is Verification? a. Build the right product b. Product is built in the right way

b. Product is built in the right way

Minor change made to program during the testing is? a. Program Culmination b. Program Mutation c. Structural Change d. Program Contamination

b. Program Mutation

What is Black Box Testing? a. Unit Testing b. Testing without looking at the internal code structure. c. In house testing

b. Testing without looking at the internal code structure.

How should do you test modules? a. Print statements b. Unit testing c. System testing d. Code review

b. Unit testing

Are we building the right product? a. Verification b. Validation c. Confusion d. None of the above

b. Validation

Are we building the product right? a. Checking b. Verification c. Validation d. Evaluation

b. Verification

Name 3 of the taxonomy of system tests

basic tests, functionality tests, robustness tests, interoperability tests, performance tests, scalability tests, stress tests, load and stability, reliability tests, regression tests, documentation tests (any 3)

What are the types of robustness tests?

boundary value, power cycling, online insertion and removal, high availability, degraded node

In static unit testing an inspection is : a) A review where the author leads the team through a manual or simulated execution through predefined scenarios b) A superior member of the team looking through the source code c) A step-by-step peer group review of a work product, with each step checked against predetermined criteria d) A unit under test is taken out of the actual execution environment

c) A step-by-step peer group review of a work product, with each step checked against predetermined criteria

The test level for a system requires what type of development before deployment? a) Coding b) Detailed design c) High-level design d) Requirements

c) High-level design

You ​can not​ do static testing on: a) Psuedo code b) Backlog c) Software d) API docs e) Design

c) Software

What is a Process Block? a) A place where control can diverge b) Where control flow merges c) Statements uninterrupted by decisions or junctions d) The code inside of a loop

c) Statements uninterrupted by decisions or junctions

Which of the following describes Oracle? a) Condition that causes the software to fail to perform its required. b) State of system c) Tells us what is our inputs and what is our outputs look like as well as testing d) the inability of a system or component to perform required function.

c) Tells us what is our inputs and what is our outputs look like as well as testing

"Build the right product" is an example of: a) Unit Testing b) Verification c) Validation d) Static Testing

c) Validation

During mutant testing, the team was able to kill 9 mutants out of 12 total. What was the corresponding mutation score? a. 90% b. 10% c. 75% d. 25%

c. 75%

Which of the following is not one of the properties of a domain's boundaries? a. Extreme point b. Closed domain c. Adjacent boundary d. Open boundary

c. Adjacent boundary

Which of these are NOT part of the Data Flow Testing Criteria a. All-p-uses/some-c-uses b. All-c-uses/some-p-uses c. All-e-uses d. All-du-paths

c. All-e-uses

When does a shifted-boundary error occur? a. Boundary is open when it was intended for it to be closed b. Coefficients of the variables defining the boundary take up incorrect values c. An implemented boundary is parallel to intended boundary d. The first predicate uses ">" and the second predicate uses "<

c. An implemented boundary is parallel to intended boundary

Executing every condition from entry to exit is known as: a. Path Coverage b. Statement Coverage c. Branch Coverage d. Complete Coverage

c. Branch Coverage

Successive execution of program statements is viewed as: a. Data Flow b. Path Flow c. Control Flow d. Execution Flow

c. Control Flow

Which of these are not a path coverage? a. Statement coverage b. Branch coverage c. Data coverage d. Predicate coverage

c. Data coverage

What can the idea of program instrumentation detect? a. Bugs in code b. Compilation errors c. Data flow anomaly d. Incorrect types

c. Data flow anomaly

The motivation for verifying the correctness of data values "defined" -observe that all the "uses" of the value produce the desired results is of what type of testing? a. Control flow testing b. Mutation c. Data flow testing d. Domain testing

c. Data flow testing

The process of determining cause of a failure is: a. Mutant b. Dynamic Unit Testing c. Debugging d. Test Driving

c. Debugging

Which of the following is not a key element of Total Quality Control (TQC)? a. Quality comes first, not short term profits b. The customer comes first, not the producer c. Decisions are not made on facts and data d. Management is participatory of all employees e. Manage is driven by cross-functional committees

c. Decisions are not made on facts and data

In an open domain where should an OFF point reside? a. On the boundary of the domain b. There are no OFF points in an open domain c. Inside of the domain d. Outside of the domain

c. Inside of the domain

Which of the following is not one of the views of Software Quality? a. Manufacturing View b. User's View c. Owner's View d. Product View e. Value-based View

c. Owner's View

What is NOT the key concepts in generating test input data? a. Input vector b. Predicate c. Predicate coverage d. Predicate interpretation

c. Predicate coverage

In what way to test reliability? a. Unit Testing b. White Box Testing c. Random Testing

c. Random Testing

Reliability can be tested via? a. Long term testing b. Modularized testing c. Random testing d. Normal testing

c. Random testing

What action would cause a type 2 anomaly? a. Redefining a variable without using the initial value b. Introducing a fault into the initialization of a variable c. Referencing an undefined variable d. Defining a variable but not referencing it

c. Referencing an undefined variable

Can your program containing a data flow anomaly execute? a. No, compilation error b. No, runtime error c. Sometimes d. Yes

c. Sometimes

Which of the following is a static testing? a. Verification b. Validation c. Spell checking d. Load testing

c. Spell checking

Data flow testing can be a. Dynamic and Erroneous b. Static and Rustic c. Static and Dynamic d. Erroneous and Rustic

c. Static and Dynamic

Which of these is NOT a software module? a. Collection b. Function c. Variable d. Class

c. Variable

A boundary is said to be closed if _______ a. the points of the boundary do not belong to the domain of interest b. it contains a point where two or more boundaries cross c. the points on the boundary are included in the domain of interest d. it is part of a closed domain

c. the points on the boundary are included in the domain of interest

what are the three security requirements in security tests?

confidentiality, integrity, and availability

What does security designed to verify?

confidentiality, integrity, availability

A domain error is caused by a) A data input causes the correct path but the output path is wrong b) A data input causes the incorrect but desired path c) A data input causes the incorrect path but the output path is right d) A data input causes the incorrect but undesired path

d) A data input causes the incorrect but undesired path

Select all that are part of the software development cycle. a) Testing and integration b) Design c) Planning d) All of the above e) None of the above

d) All of the above

Which is an approach to debugging a) Brute force b) Cause elimination c) Backtracking d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Which is not part of the data flow testing criteria? a) All p-uses b) All-definitions c) All c-uses d) All-undefinition

d) All-undefinition

Which is not an abnormal situation when using variables? a) Defined and then defined again b) Undefined but referenced c) Defined but not referenced d) Defined and then undefined

d) Defined and then undefined

A test that determines the ability for a system to take faulty input and other failure situations is a a) Functionality Test b) Performance Test c) Stress Test d) Robustness Test

d) Robustness Test

In dynamic unit testing the caller unit is called : a) Stubs b) Unit Under Test c) Caller Unit d) Test Driver

d) Test Driver

How many views of software quality are there? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

d. 5

Which of these tests is NOT apart of regression testing? a. Unit testing b. Integration testing c. System testing d. Acceptance testing

d. Acceptance testing

Which of the following are objectives of testing? a. Determine the software works b. Reduce risk of failure c. Reduce Cost of Testing d. All of These

d. All of These

Which of the following criteria are used during Static Unit Testing? a. Completeness b. Readability c. Minimal Functionality d. All of These

d. All of These

What are the main objectives of testing? a. Success b. Reduce the risk of failures c. Reduce the cost of testing d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following are said to be interface errors? a. Misuse of interface b. Timing/performance problems c. Inadequate error processing d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following could be considered Data Flow anomalies? a. A variable being defined and then defined again b. A variable being undefined but referenced c. A variable being defined but not referenced d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following criteria are from static unit testing? a. Completeness b. Readability c. Minimal functionality d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following are objectives of testing? a. Determine the software works b. Reduce risk of failure c. Reduce cost of testing d. All of these

d. All of these

Which of the following are unit testing frameworks? a. JUnit b. NUnit c. PyUnit d. All of these

d. All of these

The main reason for testing is? a. Reducing failure rate b. Checking the work of software. c. Avoiding extra work d. All the above

d. All the above

Which of the following should be used while developing a software (code) in order to reduce error? a. Quality work b. Instrumentation c. Time management d. All the above

d. All the above

What metrics can be recorded to for performance testing? a. CPU time, network connection time, bandwidth use b. Network connection time, waiting time, memory use c. CPU time, waiting time, network connection time d. Bandwidth use, memory use, CPU time

d. Bandwidth use, memory use, CPU time

______ is a graphical representation of program statement execution. a. Flow Chart b. Data Flow Diagram c. Execution Chart d. Control Flow Diagram

d. Control Flow Diagram

. Which of these situations is a valid state of data flow? a. Defined and then defined again. b. Undefined, but referenced. c. Defined, but not refered, d. Defined and then referenced.

d. Defined and then referenced.

Which of the following is NOT a good guideline to follow in defect prevention? a. Validate input data, such as the arguments, passed to a function b. Use assertions to detect impossible conditions, undefined uses of data, and undesirable program behavior c. Provide good error messages to help users resolve the problem d. Do not check for logic errors in order to reduce time spent writing the code

d. Do not check for logic errors in order to reduce time spent writing the code

An incorrect assignment which affects a variable used in the predicate would cause which type of error? a. Closure error b. Shifted-boundary error c. Tilted-boundary error d. Domain error

d. Domain error

Which of the following is ​not​ one of the Five Views of Software Engineering? a. Transcendental view b. User's view c. Manufacturing view d. Engineering view

d. Engineering view

Who is responsible for quality? a. The developer b. The customer c. The project manager d. Everyone

d. Everyone

Who is responsible for the software quality testing? a. Project Manager b. QA Engineer c. Software developer d. Everyone

d. Everyone

A programmer manipulates data in several different ways: a. Sanitization, assignment, initialization, using in a computation b. Deletion, initialization, assignment, using in a condition c. Transferring, deletion, using in a computation, initialization d. Initialization, assignment, using in a computation, using in a condition

d. Initialization, assignment, using in a computation, using in a condition

The process of finding the cause of a failure and avoiding them is called? a. Mutating b. Root cause c. Fault finding d. None of the above

d. None of the above

Which of the following are not classes of program error? a. Computation error- b. Domain error c. All of the above d. None of the above

d. None of the above

Which of these test determine that the system remains stable as it cycles through the integration of other subsystems and through maintenance tasks a. Reliability tests b. Load and Stability c. Documentation tests d. None of the above

d. None of the above

What is the definition of scope? a. Measuring the "defect revealing ability" of test suite b. Examining source code with focus on control flow and data flow c. Set of ideas, facts, or circumstances within which the tests will be conducted d. The domain or extent of the test activities

d. The domain or extent of the test activities

​Which of the following is not part of complete testing? a. Path coverage c. Branch coverage b. Statement coverage d. ​Data coverage

d. ​Data coverage

What are the benefits of conducting system integration testing?

defects are detected early, easier to fix defects, earlier feedback on the overall system, scheduling defect fixes is flexible.

What is true of the relationship between static and dynamic testing? a) Static unit testing is not an alternative to dynamic unit testing b) Static and Dynamic analysis are complementary in nature c) They are performed concurrently with each other d) A and B e) A, B, and C

e) A, B, and C

An oracle is __. a) What our expected output and actual output looks like b) Info about environment c) Includes test cases d) Should be first thing to be created when testing e) All of the above

e) All of the above

True or false: Which is not one of the views of Software quality: a) Transcendental view b) User's view c) Manufacturing view d) Product view e) Consumer view

e) Consumer view

What is not a type of mutation? a) Changing the order of parameters in a call b) Relational operator replacement c) Statement deletion d) Removing an overloading method e) None of the above

e) None of the above

Which of the following is not a testing level? a. Unit testing b. Integration testing c. System testing d. Acceptance testing e. Backlog testing

e. Backlog testing

Which of the following is ​not​ an approach for system integration testing? a. Incremental b. Top-down c. Sandwich d. Big-bang e. These are all approaches to system integration testing

e. These are all approaches to system integration testing

what are diagnostic tests designed to verify?

hardware components of the system are functioning as desired

1. Design a control flow graph for the following code: int​ x​=​0​; int​ y​=​4​; if​(x​<​1​){ y​++​; ​ if​((x​+​y)​>​0​){ x​++​; y​--​; } ​ else​{ x​--​; } } else​{ x​=​5​; } return​ x;

https://photos.app.goo.gl/8Cff6BfEPqo7Gtsi6

what test is designed to verify the configurations and operations of logging and tracing?

logging and tracing tests.