CMST 2061 MIDTERM

signposts (2/4 emphasis strategy)

- key words that alert the audience to a topic change, a tangential explanation, an example, or a conclusion - ex: "for example"

internal summaries (3/4 emphasis strategy)

- reviewing what has been covered and highlighting what is coming next - ex: "this first item"... "now for this second item"

repetition (4/4 emphasis strategy)

- saying something over and over - ex: "i have a dream" speech

self-concept

-your personality and expressions of it -factors related to self-concept: 1. attitude: learned predispositions to a concept 2. beliefs: expressions of confidence 3. values: ideals that guide our behavior

Parts of a Message

1. Attention statement 2. Introduction 3. Body 4. Conclusion 5. Residual message

undesirable results of poor communication

1. damaged relationships 2. conflict 3. loss of productivity 4. inefficiency/rework 5. missed opportunities 6. schedule slippage 7. scope creep 8. wasted resources 9. unclear/unmet requirements

6 ways to improve verbal communication

1. define terms 2. choose precise words 3. consider your audience 4. take control of your tone 5. check for understanding 6. be results oriented

5 stages of a telephone conversation

1. opening: both parties identify themselves 2. feedforward: where purpose and tone of the conversation are established 3. business: substance of the conversation 4. feedback: signal that business is concluded 5. closing: both parties say goodbye

3 types of language

1. primary messages: refer to the intentional content (both verbal and nonverbal) 2. secondary messages: refer to the unintentional content (both verbal and nonverbal) 3. auxilliary message: refer to the intentional and unintentional ways a primary message

3-part process of perception

1. selection 2. organization 3. interpretation

meeting agenda elements

1. title header: includes the necessary details about the meeting 2. participants: expected participants 3. subject line: purpose statement 4. call to order: who will call the meeting to order? 5. introductions: everyone introduces themselves/their roles 6. roll call 7. reading of the minutes: notes from prior meeting are read aloud 8. old business: list unresolved issues from prior meeting 9. new business: a list of all items for discussion and action 10. reports (optional): applies if subcommittiees are working on specific assignments for whole committee 11. good of the order: where people share additional information 12. adjournment: states time, place, date of next meeting

4 strategies to emphasize your message

1. visual communication 2. signposts 3. internal summaries and foreshadowing 4. repetition

2 Main Responsibilities of a Business Communicator

1.) Be prepared -organized, clear and concise 2.) Be ethical -respectful and trustworthy

5 Types of Context

1.) Intrapersonal Communication: involves one person 2.) Interpersonal Communication: involves 2 people 3.) Group Communication: where a small number of people engage in a conversation 4.) Public Communication: one person speaks to a group of people 5.) Mass Communication: involves sending a single message to a groupv

8 essential components of communication

1.) Source: creates/sends the message 2.) Message: the meaning produced by the source for the reciever 3.) Channel: the way in which a message travel between source to receiver 4.)Receiver: receives the message from the source 5.) Feedback: composed of messages the receiver sends back to the source 6.) Environment: the physical atmosphere where you send and receive messages 7.) Context: involves the setting, scene and expectations of the individuals 8.) Interference: anything that blocks/changes the source's intended meaning of the message

2 models of communication

1.) transactional: process in which the source sending a message and someone receiving it is happens simultaneously - hard to distinguish between who is source or receiver 2.) constructivist: we focus on the negotiated meaning, or common ground, when trying to describe communication - EX: "coke" and "pop"

sound bite

A brief statements that zero in on the point of a longer message -often used in interviews

What is the difference between syntactic and semantic rules? A. Syntactic rules do not exist B. Syntactic rules govern order of words in a sentence while semantic rules govern the meaning of words and how to interpret them. C. Syntactic rules govern the meaning of words and how to interpret them while semantic rules govern order of words in a sentence D. Semantic rules do not exist

B. Syntactic rules govern order of words in a sentence while semantic rules govern the meaning of words and how to interpret them.

) Pick the statement where the elements of the elevator speech are listed in the correct order. A. Call to Action, introduce yourself, summarize what you do, explain what you want B. Call to Action, explain what you want, summarize what you do, Introduce yourself C. Introduce yourself, explain what you want, summarize what you do, Call to Action D. Introduce yourself, summarize what you do, explain what you want, Call to Action

D. Introduce yourself, summarize what you do, explain what you want, Call to Action

looking-glass self

a self-image based on how we think others see us

Which is not an undesirable result of poor communication is business? A. Better use of resources B. Damaged relationships C. Loss of productivity D. Conflict

a. better use of resources

The ... is the way in which a message or messages travel between source and receiver.'' A. channel B. noise C. environment D. conversation

a. channel

_______ is defined as the process of understanding and sharing meaning. a. communication b. process c. source d. message

a. communication

Selection has three main parts: exposure, attention, and ________. A. Retention B. Influence C. Detail D. functional

a. retention

which of the following is not a part of meeting agenda elements? a. speech b. roll call c. subject line d. good of the order

a. speech

Interference is also called "noise" in communication. a. true b. false

a. true

abstract |-| |-| |-| |-| concrete

abstract = "car" concrete = "mustang"

What is an elevator speech? A) a 10-minute presentation trying to sell something B) a brief presentation around 30 seconds C) when people crowd into an elevator to hear someone ramble D) general greetings amongst peers when first meeting one another such as hello or good morning

b. a brief presentation around 30 seconds

Which is not apart of the 3-part process for perception? A. Selection B. Audience C. Interpretation D. Organization

b. audience

Understanding your perspective can lend insight to your _________, the ability to be conscious of events and stimuli. A. Knowledge B. Awareness C. Mind D. Self-consciousness

b. awareness

Which one of these is NOT one of the eight components of communication? a. feedback b. comprehension c. environment d. context

b. comprehension

Close-ended questions allow for interpretation and a range of responses in the respondent's own words. a. True b. False

b. false

_____ is composed of messages the receiver sends back to the source. a. message b. feedback c. environment d. interference

b. feedback

What should an elevator Speech NOT include? A. Attention Statement B. Full sales pitch C. Introduction D. Conclusion

b. full sales pitch

5) What Question should an elevator pitch NOT answer? A. Who are you? B. How old are you? C. What do you want? D. What do you do?

b. how old are you?

What are leading questions? A. inserted at end of answer; often weaken impact of answer B. imply or state expected answer in question C. seek straight-forward answer D. two or more questions asked at the same time

b. imply or state expected answer in question

How long should an elevator Speech be? A. 2 minutes B. less than 30 seconds C. 5 minutes D. 10 minutes

b. less than 30 seconds

a _____ is something that creates and sends messages to the public. a. deliverer b. source c. message d. reciever

b. source

symmetry principle

balancing objects or ideas equally from one side to the other

figure-ground principle

emphasis on a single item that stands out from its surroundings

An elevator speech does not include an emphasis on A. a full sales pitch B. cliches C. A and B D. Brevity

c. a & b

Which of the following is NOT a trait of fairness in communication? A. Nonjudgmental B.Mutuality C. Biased D. Reciprocity

c. biased

What is at the bottom of the abstraction ladder? A. Abstract B. Meaningful C. Concrete D. Dull

c. concrete

Which of the following is NOT allowed to be asked during an interview? A. Why are you interested in this position? B. Tell me about yourself. C. How old are you? D. Tell me about a time you solved a conflict at work.

c. how old are you?

your _______ is how you see yourself, and how you would describe yourself to others. a. self-esteem b. self-concept c. self-image d. none of the above

c. self-image

which of the following is not a stage of a telephone conversation? a. feedforward b. feedback c. slogans d. business

c. slogans

Which of the following is NOT an illegal question? A. How old are you? B. Have you ever committed a crime? C. Tell me about yourself? D. What does your husband/wife do for a living?

c. tell me about yourself

Which one of these do NOT act as a spoken channel? a. radio b. face-to-face conversations c. text messages d. speeches

c. text messages

Which of the follow is an illegal subject to ask about in an interview? A. Race B. Religion C. Age D. Family E. All of the above

e. all of the above

Gesalt principles of organization (3-part process of perception)

context matters, and the whole is greater than the sum parts -proximity -continuity -similarity -uniformity -figure -symmetry -closure

Define language. A. the intentional content, both verbal and nonverbal. B. a message or thought that stays with your audience well after the communication is finished C. sending a single message to a group. D. a system of symbols, words, or gestures used to communicate meaning.

d. a system of symbols, words, or gestures used to communicate meaning.

which of these is part of an agenda? a. a thesis statement b. a quote c. a summary d. a title header

d. a title header

What should an Elevator Speech NOT include? A. a full sales pitch B. a "canned" thirty-second advertising message C. be bloated with too much information D. All of the above

d. all of the above

What type of questions should an elevator speech address? A) Who are you? B) What is the product or service being offered? C) Who is the target market? D) All of the above

d. all of the above

When is it appropriate to use an elevator speech? A. Professional Networking event B. Online Profiles C. A career fair D. All of the above

d. all of the above

what are the model(s) of communication? a. constructivist b. communicative c. transactional d. both a and c e. both b and c

d. both a and c

Which type of questions are broad and often specifying only the topic? A. Leading B. Closed-ended C. Secondary D. Open-ended

d. open-ended

Which of the following is not one of the 5 parts of a message? A. Attention statement B. Conclusion C. Body D. Transition statement

d. transition statement

Using a graph to communicate your message is an example of: A. Repetition B. Internal Summary C. Signposts D. Visual Communication

d. visual communication

continuity principle

drawing connections between things that occur in a sequence -ex. noticing a pattern

similarity principle

group together objects that share similar physical characteristics -ex: to make this recipe you'll need... -list of ingredients:... -list of tools:...

self-image

how you describe yourself as well as how you think others would describe you -includes physical characteristics

self-esteem

how you feel about yourself

quotes

memorable sayings extracted from written or verbal messages

Uniformity Principle

noting ways in which concepts or objects are alike

proximity principle

organization based on relationship of space to objects -ex. "next to me on the beach, i see..."

Types of visual communication (1/4 emphaisis strategy)

photos, videos, bar chart, pie chart, line graph, actual object, body motion

slogan

phrases that express the goals, aims or nature of a product, service, person or company

semantic rules

rules that govern the meaning of language as opposed to its structure

syntactic rules

rules that govern the ways in which symbols can be arranged as opposed to the meanings of those symbols

closure principle

tendency to use previous knowledge to fill in the gaps in an incomplete idea or picture

selection (3-part process of perception)

the action of sorting competing messages -you select what you pay attention to based on whats important to you (aka your values) -selective exposure: information we choose to pay attention to and ignore -selective attention: focusing on one stimulus and tuning out another -selective retention: choosing to remember one stimulus over another

Perception

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events

organization (3-part process of perception)

the process of sorting information into logical categories or series

self-fulfilling prophecy

the tendency for people to behave as they are expected to behave