Cognition, Perception, and Emotion-PSYCH

What is NOT one of Ekman's basic emotions?

Pride

Don is from an individualistic culture, and Juan is from a collectivistic culture. According to a study by Suh and colleagues on the relationship between life satisfaction and positive affect, which of the following scenarios regarding subjective well-being is to be expected?

Experiencing more positive affect makes Don happier than it makes Juan.

Because Mariana, a Brazilian woman, had a terrible morning, she was very angry when she got to work at the office. As a result, her facial expression greatly resembled the basic anger expression. She walked by two coworkers on her way to her desk: Felipe(Brazilian) and Satoru(Japanese). What is most likely to occur?

Felipe is more likely than Satoru to recognize that Mariana is angry

Ayumi is a Japanese student, and Alice is a European-Canadian student. They are both participating in a study in which they are asked to provide some self-descriptions. What is the most likely to be the outcome of this study?

Ayumi is likelier than Alice to say that she is both considerate and selfish.

Jeremy and Jason took a test to see how high their individualism and collectivism scores are. Jeremy's individualism score is 9 out of 18, and his collectivism score is 11 out of 18. Jason's individualism score is 12 out of 18, and his collectivism score is 8 out of 18. What is more likely the case?

Jeremy is likelier than Jason to engage in holistic reasoning.

Two friends from two collectivist cultures, Jorge(Latin American) and Sayako(Japanese), are visiting club booths at school to decide what clubs to join. Based on research regarding preferences for emotion, what is most likely to happen?

Jorge will choose a choir club that features a lot of energetic and exciting music, and Sayako will choose a Buddhist reading club that features a lot of calming books.

You are walking with your friend when both of you see a person on the street trip and fall. You think that the person is clumsy, but your friend thinks the person was distracted by something across the street. What is the most accurate way to describe what you are engaging in?

Dispositional Attribution.

What are analytic thinkers associated with?

Dispositional attributions

Different languages around the world sometimes....

Do not have emotion words that correspond with each of the basic emotions.

As an American exchange student in Japan, Michael is trying t understand the cultural differences that he is noticing. In particular, he finds that his new Japanese friend, Michiru, has very different emotional experiences than his European-American friends back home. Based on research regarding cultural differences in emotional experiences, what is more likely a difference for him to notice?

Michiru feels better than his European-American friends when he is experiencing respect.

Shawn displays something that can be characterized as being a ritualized display of excitement. What does this imply?

People from other cultures likely cannot recognize that he is excited.

Joon-ha, a Korean child, is trying to facially express that he is upset. Who would be the best at identifying that Joon-ha is upset?

Person D, who is Korean.

During a professional ice hockey game, fans from around the world saw Tony Bertram, a professional hockey player, punch an unsuspecting player in the face and throw him onto the ice. According to the analytic versus holistic thinking styles, what is most likely to happen?

Easterners will blame Tony's family problems, and Westerners will blame Tony's nasty personality.

What can the basic emotions best be characterized as?

at least functional universals

What is most closely associated with low context culture?

explicit communication.

Mandia met a friend named Martina in university. Martina's boyfriend likes to go to the bars to drink, and makes Martina go to the bars with him. Mandia knows that Martina's boyfriend makes her go out to the bars, but she still thinks that Martina goes because she likes to go to the bars. What term best describes Mandia's thought?

fundamental attribution error.

People who are especially field dependent tend to be....

holistic thinkers.

The tendency for Indians to sometimes bite their tongues-an expression not recognized elsewhere-reflects....

A ritualized display.

Alex is from a collectivistic culture. What is a prediction for Alex and his greater subjective well-being?

Alex abides by his culture's norms.

Contrasting the attributions made by the Indians and Americas in research by Joan Miller reveals what?

Cultural differences in attributions are evident in young children as well as in adults.

What does research on cultural differences in reasoning reveal?

East Asians use analytic reasoning strategies in most math and science problems.

What most accurately portrays research on cultural differences in communication style?

Endo, who is Japanese, cannot reach his friend, Tanaka, because Tanaka's cell phone is off, but Endo has great difficulty leaving messages on Tanaka's voice mail.

Jade, a European-Canadian real estate agent, and Jing, a Chinese real estate agent, are trying to figure out what to tell their clients about the market's outlook. Compared to Jade, Jill will most likely what?

Have predictions that are less linear given past patterns.

Based on research about the different roles and functions of happiness across cultures, how can one categorize the assumption that people necessarily want to be happy?

It is an existential universal.

Based on Kitayama and colleagues study of emotions among Japanese and Americans, one would expect that, between Jun, who is Japanese, and Jerry, who is Americam....

Jun would feel more shame than Jerry.

Mike is an Asian-Canadian who just got shoved in the mall by another person. Compared to a European-Canadian who experiences the same thing, what is Mike more likely to do?

Mike is more likely to dampen his physiological response to this event.

What is the relation between money and happiness?

Money is positively related to happiness at very low levels of wealth but becomes less related in developed countries.

Mototeru is a Japanese teenager who reports feeling very positive emotions. According to research by Kitayama and colleagues on emotions associated with happiness, what other emotions is Mototeru likely experiencing for him to feel such positive emotions?

Shame.

Comparisons of Surinamese and Turkish immigrants to Holland with mainstream Dutch citizens of Holland reveal....

Surinamese and Turkish immigrants expressed more relational concerns than Dutch citizens.

How are analytic thinkers characterized?

Taxonomic categorization.

A chinese art critic, Weiwei, and his American counterpart, William, are both looking at a painting of a group of people standing behind a vase in the middle foreground. If you were to compare the eye gazes of Weiwei and William, what would you find?

William spends more time gazing at the vase--the focal object-- than Weiwei does.

Your roommate is from a high context culture. As a result, what is most likely to be exchanged between the two of you?

You ask your roommate if you can use her hair dryer. She does not want you to, but she says "I guess so," with a very subtle disapproving expression.

A classroom is full of European-Canadians and Chinese-Canadians, and they are all watching a movie that is intended to induce a lot of anger. According to research on cultural differences in anger responses, one would expect

differences in the rate at which their physiological responses will return to baseline.

Research reveals that, in contrast to Westerners, the most desired kinds of emotional states among East Asians are....

low arousal positive states

An expression that is considered a ritualized display is best categorized as...?

nonuniversal

Kartika abides by the idea that people should have emotional "smoothness." This means she....

tries not to have strong displays of emotions.