Cognitive Neuroscience - Chapter 9

Wernicke's aphasia

A patient's symptoms include poor spoken and written comprehension but fluent and reasonably grammatical speech output. What is the most probable diagnosis?

repeating spoken language

A person with conduction aphasia is most likely to have difficulty in...

true

Alexia can occur without agraphia.

damage to the arcuate fasciculus

Conduction aphasia results from...

true

Crossed aphasia is when a right-handed individual suffers damage in the right hemisphere resulting in language deficits.

difficulty in understanding metaphors or jokes

Damage to the right hemisphere may result in what type of language deficits? (Assume that the left-hemisphere is dominant for language)

left

In 95% of right-handed individuals, Broca's area is located in which hemisphere?

semantic paraphasias

Language errors in which a person substitutes words that are related in meaning for one another are called...

phonemic paraphasia

Neologisms are a type of...

a lesion in the left inferior frontal cortex

Patient "Tan," studied by the neurologist Broca, had great difficulty in generating spontaneous speech and was unable to utter any word other than the nonsense syllable "tan." Postmortem autopsy of Tan's brain revealed

agrammatism

People with Broca's aphasia may have subtle deficits in their ability to comprehend language based on its grammatical structure. This symptom is called...

sounds of language

Phonology refers to the aspects of language that deal with...

grammar

Syntax is synonymous to...

the left posterior and superior temporal lobe

The German neurologist Wernicke found that injury to which region of the brain resulted in poor language comprehension and nonsensical but relatively fluent speech?

phonemes

The smallest units of sound composing a language are called...

telegraphic speech

The speech of people with Broca's aphasia is usually slow and effortful and consists of primarily concrete words, while words that serve grammatical functions are omitted. This type of speech output is called...

Wernicke's area and the concept center

Transcortical sensory aphasia results from disruptions between:

semantics

Wernickes area is most closely associated with what type of language processing?

arcuate fasciculus

What band of fibers connects Broca's and Wernicke's areas?

global

Which aphasia is the worst?

aphasia

________ is a general term for deficits in language comprehension and production that occur as the result of brain injury.

prosody

________ specifically refers to the variations in the pitch of a speaker's voice that convey emotion and emphasis in speech.