Cognitive Psychology Book Questions Chapter 3

Palmer's experiment, in which he asked people to identify objects in a kitchen, showed how ____ can affect perception. a) illusory conjunctions b) context c) naming associations d) attention

b) context

"Every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible" refers to which Gestalt law? a) Good figure b) Similarity c) Familiarity d) Common fate

a) Good figure

In the text's use of the Olympic Rings example, which Gestalt law contributes to the correct perception of five interlocking circles? a) Simplicity b) Contiguity c) Figure-Ground d) Common Fate

a) Simplicity

The experimental technique that involves removing part of the brain is known as: a) brain ablation. b) dissociation. c) fMRI. d) EEG.

a) brain ablation.

The study of the behavior of humans with brain damage is called: a) neuropsychology. b) functional localization. c) positron emission tomography. d) the subtraction technique.

a) neuropsychology.

Damage to the temporal lobe makes the ____ more difficult. a) object discrimination problem b) landmark discrimination problem c) double dissociation problem d) single dissociation problem

a) object discrimination problem

Experience resulting from stimulation of the senses and information from the senses that can help guide our actions is called: a) perception. b) sensation. c) transduction. d) consolidation.

a) perception.

When you listen to someone speaking a foreign language with which you are unfamiliar, the words may all seem to sound the same. You may find yourself wondering how those speakers are communicating when they are using the same words over and over again. The Gestalt law that is affecting you here is the law of: a) similarity. b) familiarity. c) nearness. d) good continuation.

a) similarity.

If a word is identified more easily when it is in a sentence than when it is presented alone, this would be an example of ____ processing. a) top-down b) bottom-up c) serial d) sequential

a) top-down

The likelihood principle states that: a) we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received. b) we perceive size to remain the same size even when objects move to different distances. c) it is easier to perceive vertical and horizontal orientations. d) feature detectors are likely to create a clear perception of an object.

a) we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received.

The pathway leading from the striate cortex to the temporal lobe is known as the: a) what pathway. b) where pathway. c) landmark pathway. d) action pathway.

a) what pathway.

Gauthier and coworkers' experiment on experience-dependent plasticity showed that after extensive "Greeble recognition" training sessions, FFA neurons had a(n) ____ response to faces and an ____ response to Greebles. a) unvaried; unvaried b) decreased; increased c) unvaried; increased d) increased; increased

b) decreased; increased

The task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on one's retina is called the: a) radiated wavelength paradox. b) inverse projection problem. c) serial location task. d) fusiform face role.

b) inverse projection problem.

People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the: a) principle of size constancy. b) oblique effect. c) law of pragnanz. d) law of good continuation.

b) oblique effect.

11) The process by which small objects become perceptually grouped to form larger objects is the principle of: a) conjunction. b) perceptual organization. c) perceptual discriminability. d) perceptual fusion.

b) perceptual organization.

The demonstration in your text that asks you to visualize scenes such as an office, a department store clothing section, a lion, and a microscope often results in more details in the scene of the office or department store than the scene with the lion or microscope. The latter two tend to have fewer details because most individuals from modern society have less knowledge of ____ in those scenes. a) physical regularities b) semantic regularities c) pragnanz d) double dissociation

b) semantic regularities

You are at a parade where there are a number of marching bands. You perceive the bands that are all in the same uniforms as being grouped together. The red uniforms are one band, the green uniforms another, and so forth. You have this perceptual experience because of the law of: a) simplicity. b) similarity. c) pragnanz. d) familiarity.

b) similarity.

"Perceiving machines" are used by the U.S. Postal service to "read" the addresses on letters and sort them quickly to their correct destinations. Sometimes, these machines cannot read an address, because the writing on the envelope is not sufficiently clear for the machine to match the writing to an example it has stored in memory. Human postal workers are much more successful at reading unclear addresses, most likely because of: a) bottom-up processing. b) top-down processing. c) their in-depth understanding of principles of perception. d) repeated practice at the task.

b) top-down processing.

The perception pathway corresponds to the ____ pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the ____ pathway. a) where; what b) what; where c) size; distance d) distance; size

b) what; where

The pathway leading from the striate cortex to the parietal lobe is known as the: a) what pathway. b) where pathway. c) landmark pathway. d) action pathway.

b) where pathway.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical regularity in your text? a) The oblique effect b) The light-from-above assumption c) Angled orientation d) Having one object that is partially covered by another "come out the other side"

c) Angled orientation

Some perceptions result from assumptions we make about the environment that we are not even aware of. This theory of unconscious inference was developed by: a) Goldstein. b) Gestalt psychologists. c) Helmholtz. d) Gibson.

c) Helmholtz.

21) The results of Gauthier's "Greeble" experiment illustrate: a) that neurons specialized to respond to faces are present in our brains when we are born. b) that training a monkey to recognize the difference between common objects can influence how the monkey's neurons fire to these objects. c) an effect of experience-dependent plasticity. d) that our nervous systems remain fairly stable in different environments.

c) an effect of experience-dependent plasticity.

Speech segmentation is defined as: a) creating a sentence from a series of spoken words. b) ignoring the spaces between the spoken words of a sentence. c) organizing the sounds of speech into individual words. d) recognizing a few words out of many when hearing a largely unfamiliar language.

c) organizing the sounds of speech into individual words.

The landmark discrimination problem is more difficult to do if you have damage to your ____lobe. a) frontal b) temporal c) parietal d) occipital

c) parietal

To demonstrate the complexity of human perception, a challenge took place in California where entrants had to design a motorized vehicle that could drive through a 55-mile course without human assistance. The winning vehicle was only able to stay on the course and avoid various obstacles while traveling at a rate of ____ miles per hour. a) 3 b) 7 c) 10 d) 14

d) 14

Amhad is doing an experiment in which he has to choose between the object he has been shown previously (the target object) and another object. Choosing the target object will result in a reward. What sort of task is Amhad doing? a) Landmark discrimination problem b) Dissociation task c) Greeble recognition task d) Object discrimination problem

d) Object discrimination problem

Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples? a) When someone can easily select a target that has a feature distinct from distracters b) When someone cannot read an illegible word in a written sentence c) When someone easily identifies an object even though that object is unexpected in that context (e.g., identifying a telephone inside a refrigerator) d) When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception

d) When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception

Viewpoint ____ is the ability to recognize the same object even if it is seen from different perspectives. a) consistency b) resistance c) constancy d) invariance

d) invariance

The "textured wall" example from your text illustrates: a) semantic regularities. b) the oblique effect. c) size constancy. d) the light-from-above heuristic.

d) the light-from-above heuristic.