COM 100 Exam 1

Which of the following are true about the difference between opinions and factual claims? - An opinion expresses a personal judgment or preference that we could agree or disagree with. - A factual claim is not true or false in an absolute sense. - A factual claim makes an assertion that we can verify with evidence and show to be true or false. - An opinion is not true or false in an absolute sense.

- An opinion expresses a personal judgment or preference that we could agree or disagree with. - A factual claim makes an assertion that we can verify with evidence and show to be true or false. - An opinion is not true or false in an absolute sense.

Which of the following statements are examples of spiritual principles? - Traffic levels at national parks should be curtailed. - Divine beauty is found in nature. - I believe in destiny and fate. - Jaywalking is illegal.

- Divine beauty is found in nature. - I believe in destiny and fate.

In what ways does spoken language enable us to connect to others? - It allows us to provide comfort. - It allows us to provide support. - It allows us to communicate nonverbally. - It allows us to share social information.

- It allows us to provide comfort. - It allows us to provide support. - It allows us to share social information.

Which of the following are ways that humor can improve our communication with others? - It can clarify separation by demeaning other social or cultural groups. - It can bring us closer to people. - It can make social interactions more pleasant and enjoyable. - It can diffuse stress.

- It can bring us closer to people. - It can make social interactions more pleasant and enjoyable. - It can diffuse stress.

Which of the following are functions of language? - It expresses who we are. - It connects us to others. - It motivates action. - It allows universal communication.

- It expresses who we are. - It connects us to others. - It motivates action.

Which of the following is true about hate speech? - It has become rarely used in online communications. - It involves calling people derogatory names and advocating violence against them. - It is meant to degrade, intimidate, or dehumanize people. - It can be based on race, disability status, religion, or sexual orientation.

- It involves calling people derogatory names and advocating violence against them. - It is meant to degrade, intimidate, or dehumanize people. - It can be based on race, disability status, religion, or sexual orientation.

Language is which of the following? - It is a system of symbols. - It is an unstructured system. - It uses symbols called words. - It is used to communicate meaning.

- It is a system of symbols. - It uses symbols called words. - It is used to communicate meaning.

Which of the following are characteristics of communication? - It is affected by the perceptions of the participants. - It relies on a single channel. - It has relational implications. - It has literal meanings.

- It is affected by the perceptions of the participants. - It has relational implications. - It has literal meanings.

Which of the following statements are true about language? - Language is not bound by culture. - Language is symbolic. - Words represent objects. - A word and an object are one and the same.

- Language is symbolic. - Words represent objects.

When Sam got up in the morning, he took a shower, chatted with his wife and kids at breakfast, and then went to work. At work, he asked a colleague to review a proposal, confirmed a lunch date with a friend, and wrote a memo to justify his request for a raise. Which of the following statements best describes this account? - Sam's confirming a lunch date with a friend was communication addressing a relational need. - Sam did not address any needs. - Sam's only identity-related communication was confirming a lunch date with his friend. - Sam mostly addressed his instrumental needs.

- Sam mostly addressed his instrumental needs.

Which of the following are true about language? - Use of language varies by culture. - Language is uninfluenced by context. - The values of a society are reflected in its use of language. - Language is bound by culture.

- Use of language varies by culture. - The values of a society are reflected in its use of language. - Language is bound by culture.

Which of the following are true about how to improve your language use? - You should avoid using language that is too complex for your audience. - You should avoid using language that is too simple for your audience. - You should try to speak at an appropriate level of complexity for your audience. - You should speak at a level that your audience will not understand in order to assert your authority.

- You should avoid using language that is too complex for your audience. - You should avoid using language that is too simple for your audience. - You should try to speak at an appropriate level of complexity for your audience.

Which of the following examples are you-statements? - You're making me mad. - I'm mad right now. - You hurt my feelings. - You're not listening to me. - My feelings are hurt. - You don't know what you're doing.

- You're making me mad. - You hurt my feelings. - You're not listening to me. - You don't know what you're doing.

Which of the following are skills that civil communicators practice? - humor - persuasion - care with language - honesty - civil listening - openness to change

- care with language - honesty - civil listening - openness to change

Language is bound by which of the following? - other languages - context - nonverbal communication - culture

- context - culture

Which of the following ways of using language can be abusive or beneficial, depending on how they are used? - criticism - defamation - hate speech - profanity

- criticism - profanity

4 major influences on perception

- cultures - stereotypes - primacy effect (1st impression) vs. recency effect (last impression) - expectations

Which of the following are the primary social functions of language? - expressing affection - communicating without words - sharing social information - providing comfort and support

- expressing affection - sharing social information - providing comfort and support

The basic rules that govern language apply to which of the following? - how words are pronounced - how words are placed in a sentence or phrase - how we decide words are obsolete - what words mean

- how words are pronounced - how words are placed in a sentence or phrased - what words mean

Research has shown that people with strong ties to family and friends are less likely to suffer from which of the following? - premature death -dental disease - high blood pressure - mental illness - accidental falls

- premature death - high blood pressure - mental illness

Which of the following ways of using language can be abusive or beneficial, depending on how they are used? - profanity - criticism - defamation - hate speech

- profanity - criticism

Which of the following are ways to improve your language? - separate opinions from factual claims - own your own thoughts and feelings - speak at an appropriate level - become emotionally detached from your topic

- separate opinions from factual claims - own your own thoughts and feelings - speak at an appropriate level

self esteem

- subjective evaluation of value and worth - helps us communicate and build relationships - higher self esteem can promote aggression and risk taking

self monitor

- we are aware of how we look, sound, and affect others - level ranges from person to person

the three stages of perception

1. Selection 2. Organization 3. Interpretation

Which of the following definitions explains what a slogan is?

a short and memorable phrase that motivates people

According to research, the single most important predictor of happiness in life is:

a successful marriage

Johari Window

a visual representation of components of the self that are known or unknown to the self and to others

Which of the following definitions applies to the term cliché?

a word or phrase that was once novel but has lost its effect due to overuse

fellowship face

an effort to fulfill the need to have others like and respect us

self-fulfilling prophecy

an expectation that causes you to act in ways that make that expectation come true - reinforces self-concept

physical noise

any sound that prevents a person from being heard

That a word like "duck" has no characteristics of a duck--the word "duck" cannot fly, does not have a bill or webbed feet, and does not quack--represents the concept that language is usually

arbitrary

Unlike relational communication needs, identity needs

are formed in part by comparing the self to others.

Which of the following describes a word or phrase that was novel at one time but has lost its effect because of overuse?

cliché

spiritual needs

communication lets us share our beliefs and values with others

interaction

communication with a response

action

communication without a response

As you tell your brother about your first assignment in speech class, he nods his head and says, "Uh huh," and even smiles when he hears you got an A. Which of the following terms best describes your brother's reaction to your story?

feedback

types of face

fellowship, autonomy, and competence

Which of the following describes profanity meant to degrade, intimidate, or dehumanize persons based on their sex, national origin, sexual orientation, religion, race, disability status, or political or moral views?

hate speech

Nick notices that he is dominating a conversation and stops talking so he can listen more because he is a(n) _____ self monitor.

high

organization

how we classify a stimulus

By bringing us closer to other people, as well as making social interaction more pleasant and enjoyable, ______ can enhance our communication with others.

humor

Sara views herself as a shy, introverted person, unlike her more outgoing friends. At social gatherings, Sara's friends often speak and answer questions on Sara's behalf. Sara's shyness is based on beliefs she has about herself, but it affects the way her friends view her as well. Her social habits play an important role in establishing which aspect of Sara's sense of self?

identity

When Sandra calls the dentist to schedule a cleaning, she is using communication to fill what type of need?

instrumental

Submitting a written report to your supervisor for feedback best represents which model of communication?

interaction

Julia mentally rehearses what she will say to her mother about her grades. Julie is engaging in what kind of communication?

intrapersonal

Which of the following statements is true about language? - It communicates only nonverbally. - It is the same in all cultures. - It has no rules. - It is governed by rules.

it is governed by rules

Which of the following refers to defamatory statements made in print or some other fixed medium, such as a photograph?

libel

interpretation

meaning we assign to a stimulus

A formal description of the process of communication is called a communication ______

model

Which of the following is a use of language that separates us from others?

negative campaign advertisements

Forms of language, such as euphemism, slang, and profanity, are

neither entirely bad nor entirely good.

It is important for a speaker to separate ______ from factual claims.

opinions

Robert is recently homeless and is suffering from mental illness. As a result, he feels increasingly socially isolated. Although he used to be physically healthy, he is now sick quite often. Which aspect of Robert's health is directly affected by his lack of contact with others?

physical

relational needs

the essential elements people seek in their relationships with others

autonomy face

the need to avoid being imposed upon by others

competence face

the need to be respected and viewed as competent and intelligent

psychological noise

the thoughts and feelings that distract people from listening to what is said

why are self concepts suggestive

they are based on comparisons

which model of communication best describes complex face-to-face communication?

transaction

3 types of attributions

1. locus ( internal or external?) 2. stability (expected or unexpected?) 3. controllability (can it be changed or fixed?)

Which of the following describes how a word represents an object or idea but does not constitute the object or idea?

symbolism

True or false: Language functions to connect us with others but not to separate us from others.

False

physical needs

Maintaining wellness of the human body and avoiding illness

physiological noise

Message interference that results from bodily discomfort

instrumental needs

Needs that help us get things done in our day-to-day lives and achieve short- and long-term goals.

Communication is the process that humans use to exchange information and create meaning by using _____?

symbols, signs, and behaviors

If you email an annual newsletter to update your environmental group and you don't expect a response, you are using which model of communication?

action

image management

adjusting behavior to project a desired image (a collaborative and complex process)

fundamental attribution error

behavior is due to internal causes (EX: "that person is tailgating me because they are a jerk" rather than "maybe this person needs to get to the hospital to say goodbye to a loved one")

Santiago Ventura never made eye contact with the police officer because Mixtec Indians...

believe that it is rude to look people directly in the eye.

rue or false: Profanity is language that harms a person's reputation.

false

A word that refers to a broad category or organizing concept of objects is described as

concrete

Two students are chatting about their weekend, joking and using profanity. When the Professor walks in, the student lowers his voice and stops using profanity. According to the interaction model, the student is reacting to what change?

context

Mia and Ashley are talking and Mia asks Ashley if she wants to go to a concert with her next month. Ashley says she will let her know "soon." Mia expects a response by the next day, as that is what "soon" means to her, but she does text her about it for three weeks. Mia most likely made an error during which stage of the communication process?

decoding

face

desired public image

A vague, mild expression that substitutes for something that is harsher or more blunt is known as a(n)

euphemism

Slang is closely related to __________, in that it substitutes formal terminology with informal or unconventional language.

euphemism

When topics are difficult to talk about directly, speakers may use vague or mild language, also known as __________, as a substitute for harsher terms.

euphemism

attributions

explanations we give to our own or other's behaviors

In the semantic triangle, the word being communicated is called the

symbol

Which of the following describes language that is considered vulgar, rude, or obscene in the context in which it is used?

profanity

Yani is on the phone with her mother, who is explaining how to go about preparing dinner. Yani is distracted by a humorous twitter post by one of her friends. When it is time to make dinner, Yani realizes she has no idea how to cook the meal. During the conversation with her mother, Yani was experiencing what type of noise?

psychological

In the semantic triangle, the denotative meaning of a word is called the ______ and the connotative meaning is called the ______.

referent; reference

self concept

reflects your stable ideas about who you are (your identity)

Research shows that marital happiness is more important than income, job status, or education in accounting for how happy people are overall. In the case of a happy marriage, which type of need is being met?

relational

Rob is driving Sam, his girlfriend, home from a party. He notices she is quiet and withdrawn. Rob asks her if she is okay. She replies, "I'm fine," in a snide tone while rolling her eyes. Rob becomes angry and asks her what her problem is. Rob is responding to what dimension of Sam's message?

relational

the essential elements that we look for in our interactions with others are ______ needs

relational

Negative campaign advertisements are an example of the use of language to

separate people from each other ideologically.

Which of the following describes a defamatory statement that is made aloud, within earshot of others?

slander

Which of the following describes the use of informal and often unconventional words that are understood only by others in a particular group?

slang

Which of the following describes a short and memorable phrase that will motivate people to become customers?

slogan

Liam likes interacting with members of his hockey team, especially engaging with them to make decisions and working together to win. What type of communication does Liam seem to enjoy most?

small group

components on action model of communication

source, receiver, noise

Jason enjoys having philosophical discussions about the meaning of life in which he often discusses his own sense of purpose. These discussions fulfill which needs for Jason?

spiritual

self-serving bias

success is earned, but failures are not your fault (EX: I got a 100 on the test because I studies so hard // I failed the test because the professor sucks)

Because words are only symbols of objects and ideas and can mean whatever we choose them to mean, language is

usually arbitrary

selection

what we choose to pay attention to or notice