CoM 110 Final

Which of the following does your textbook say you should do when preparing PowerPoint slides?

1. Use a limited amount of text. 2. Use colors consistently. 3. Use images strategically.

Which of the following does your textbook say about causal reasoning?

Causal reasoning can be tricky because the relationship between causes and effects is not always clear.

Which of the following is recommended by your textbook as a way to avoid plagiarism?

Get an early start on researching and preparing your speech.

What organizational method for persuasive speeches is designed to take the audience through the five steps of attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action?

Monroe's motivated sequence

Which organizational pattern is especially effective for persuasive speeches that seek immediate action by listeners?

Monroe's motivated sequence

Which of the following is discussed in your textbook as one of the six major guidelines for effective informative speaking?

Relate the subject directly to the audience.

What does your textbook say is the first step to improving your listening skills?

Take listening seriously.

Which of the following would lead you to doubt the objectivity of a sponsoring organization for an Internet document?

The organization benefits financially by promoting its position on the issue.

In which situation would a speaker be most likely to read from a manuscript?

a speech on international policy at the United Nations

According to your textbook, a fallacy is

an error in reasoning.

A __________ graph is best suited for showing comparisons between two or more items.

bar

According to your textbook, when you listen to evaluate a speaker's message for purposes of accepting it or rejecting it, what kind of listening is involved?

critical

An either-or fallacy

forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist.

Informative speeches about concepts are usually arranged in __________ order.

topical

According to your textbook, when quoting an Internet document during a speech, a speaker should identify the

Both author of the document if the author's name is known and organization responsible for the document if the author's name is not known.

Which of the following is recommended in your textbook as a way to enhance your credibility in a persuasive speech?

Deliver your speeches with genuine conviction.

According to your textbook, what is the most important reason for limiting the number of main points in a speech?

It is hard for the audience to keep track of too many main points.

How much time does the average adult spend in conversation?

about 30 percent of waking hours

According to your textbook, when you are going to give an audience material to take home from a speech, you should usually distribute the material

after the speech

As your textbook explains, if you want to persuade a skeptical audience, you need to

answer the reasons for the audience's skepticism.

The ad hominem fallacy

attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute.

Nonverbal communication is based on a speaker's

both vocal delivery and bodily actions

According to your textbook, the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures is termed

ethnocentrism

According to your textbook, a speaker who attempts to establish goodwill in the introduction of a speech is aiming to convince the audience that she or he

has the best interests of the audience in mind.

According to your textbook, the __________ speaker delivers a speech with little or no immediate preparation.

impromptu

According to your textbook, __________ plagiarism occurs when the speech as a whole is ethical but the speaker fails to give credit for particular quotations and paraphrases.

incremental

Changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker's voice are called

inflections

When the general purpose of your speech is to _________, you act primarily as a teacher or lecturer.

inform

The burden of __________ always rests with the persuasive speaker who advocates change.

proof

In an informative speech, the speaker acts as a(n)

teacher

As explained in your textbook, subpoints in a preparation outline should be

written in full sentences.

According to your textbook, when citing sources during a speech, a speaker should usually identify the

1. book, magazine, newspaper, or Web document being cited. 2. qualifications of the author with regard to the topic. 3. author or sponsoring organization responsible for the document.

According to your textbook, the aims of an informative speech include

1. communicating the speaker's information accurately. 2. making the speaker's information meaningful to the audience. 3. communicating the speaker's information clearly.

Outlining is important to public speaking because an outline helps a speaker

1. judge whether each part of the speech is fully developed. 2. ensure that ideas flow clearly from one to another. 3. solidify the structure of a speech.

Which of the following does your textbook mention as an advantage of extemporaneous delivery?

Both it encourages a conversational quality in a speaker's delivery and it allows greater spontaneity than does speaking from a manuscript.

A red herring fallacy

introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion.

If you can't identify the author of a document on the Internet, your textbook recommends that you

try to determine the sponsoring organization for the document

According to your textbook, the best rate of speech depends on the

1. mood the speaker is trying to create. 2. vocal attributes of the speaker. 3. composition of the audience.

According to your textbook, transitions, internal summaries, and other connectives should

Both be included in the preparation outline and labeled as a transition, internal summary, etc.

According to your textbook, pauses

Both can lend dramatic impact to a statement when they are well timed and should occur at the ends of thought units, not in the middle.

As explained in your textbook, public speakers have an ethical obligation to avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language because such language

Both demeans the dignity of the groups or individuals being attacked and undermines the right of all groups in the U.S. to express their ideas.

As your textbook explains, signposts are especially useful for

Both focusing attention on key ideas and indicating exactly where you are in a speech.

The fallacy of hasty generalization occurs when a speaker

Both jumps to a conclusion on the basis of too few instances and generalizes on the basis of atypical cases.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend for giving an effective online speech?

Both know your technology and control the visual environment.

What are the three criteria discussed in your textbook for assessing the soundness of documents found on the Internet?

authorship, sponsorship, and recency

Informative speeches about processes are usually arranged in __________ order.

chronological or topical

According to your textbook, the credibility of a speaker produced by everything the speaker says or does during the speech itself is called

derived credibility.

All of the following are necessary in a preparation outline except

directions for delivering the speech.

The denotative meaning of a word is

its literal or dictionary meaning.

According to your textbook, one way to focus your listening is to

listen for the speaker's main points.

As your textbook explains, one advantage of Wikipedia is that

many articles have footnotes, reference lists, and links to other resources.

"To persuade my audience that bars should be required to scan ID cards to determine their authenticity" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of

policy.

Both a preparation outline and a speaking outline should

use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation.

How does the following excerpt from a classroom speech violate the guidelines for supporting materials presented in your textbook? According to a study earlier this year by the Meyers Survey Research Company funded by McDonald's, there is no clear correlation between obesity and the consumption of fast food.

It doesn't present information from an unbiased source.

Each of the following is presented in your textbook as a guideline for presenting visual aids except

Pass small visual aids among the audience.

What does your textbook mean when it recommends that you personalize your ideas in an informative speech?

Present your ideas in human terms that relate to the experience of the audience.

Which of the following is appropriate when using humor in a public speech?

gently making fun of common human quirks

According to your textbook, the first thing a speaker needs to do in the introduction of a speech is to

get the interest and attention of the audience.

Referring back to your introduction in the conclusion of your speech is recommended as a way to

give the speech psychological unity.

"To persuade my audience that student-loan repayment amounts should be tied to an individual's income" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of

policy

Problem-solution order is most appropriate for organizing __________ speeches.

persuasive

The connotative meaning of a word is

what the word suggests or implies.

According to your textbook, listeners are persuaded by a speaker for one or more of four major reasons. Which of the following is among those reasons?

The audience is won over by the speaker's evidence.

According to your textbook, the best way to create a sense of anticipation and drama in a speech of introduction is to

save the name of the main speaker for the end

"Conversational quality" in speech delivery means that the speech

sounds spontaneous even though it has been rehearsed.

The __________ is that portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade.

target audience

As explained in your textbook, the three main parts of a speech are called

the introduction, the body, and the conclusion.

Which of the following elements usually has the greatest impact on the length a speech should be?

the occasion for the speech

Persuasive speeches on questions of fact are usually organized in __________ order.

topical

Which of the following organizational patterns is used more than any other method of speech organization because of its applicability to almost any subject?

topical

A sentence or two that lets the audience know that a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another is called a

transition.

To give statistics greater impact, a speaker should

use statistics sparingly.

Your textbook recommends that first-time online speakers should

save questions and answers for the end of the speech.

As your textbook explains, emotional appeal is

often necessary when a speaker is trying to move an audience to action.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with stage fright?

1. Don't expect perfection. 2. Turn negative thoughts into positive ones. 3. Acquire speaking experience.

"Surgeons and their wives deserve the financial protection offered by these caps on monetary awards in malpractice suits." This statement violates which of the guidelines for inclusive language discussed in your textbook?

Avoid stereotyping jobs and social roles by gender.

Post hoc, ergo propter hoc, meaning "after this, therefore because of this," is a fallacy associated with _____________ reasoning.

causal

One of the ways speakers analyze audiences is by looking at traits such as age, gender, sexual orientation, religion, group membership, and racial, ethnic and cultural background. According to your textbook, what is this called?

demographic audience analysis

After choosing a topic, what is the next step of speech preparation?

determining the general purpose

According to your textbook, when people in one region of the country say "warter," while people in another region of the country say "water," the difference is a matter of

dialect

As your textbook explains, if you plan to use a photograph as a visual aid in a speech, you should usually

display the photograph using presentation technology such as PowerPoint.

When taking research notes, you should

distinguish among quotations, paraphrases, and your own ideas.

Public speakers who seek to communicate with listeners from cultures other than their own need to take special care to avoid __________ in their speeches.

ethnocentrism

According to your textbook, what are the three primary factors to consider when assessing an audience's disposition toward a speech topic?

knowledge, interest, and attitude

The three guidelines for ethical listening discussed in your textbook are

listen attentively, avoid prejudging the speaker, and support free speech.

When business managers are asked to list the communication skills most crucial to their job, they usually rank __________ number one.

listening

Having spent two years working in a television newsroom, Madison decided to give her informative speech on that topic. Because she knew a lot about it and was comfortable speaking to an audience, she didn't spend much time preparing. As a result, her speech was poorly organized, ran overtime, and did not have a clear message. Which guideline for ethical public speaking discussed in your textbook did Madison fail to live up to?

Be fully prepared for each speech.

According to your textbook, when using color in Keynote or PowerPoint slides, you should

Both use colors that can easily be differentiated from each other and use the same colors consistently throughout your slides.

Ryan located three excellent sources for his persuasive speech. He copied long sections from each source word for word, strung them together with a few transitions, and mentioned the sources of his information in passing. Which of the following statements best describes Ryan's situation?

Ryan is guilty of patchwork plagiarism.

The bandwagon fallacy

assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable.

A slippery slope fallacy

assumes that taking a first step will inevitably lead to other steps that cannot be prevented.

A persuasive speech exploring the truth or falsity of an assertion is known as a speech on a question of

fact

As you present your speech, you notice that many of your listeners have interested looks on their faces and are nodding their heads in agreement with your ideas. According to your textbook, these reactions by your listeners are called

feedback

As the size of your audience increases, your presentation should usually become more

formal

As explained in your textbook, the central idea of a speech should be

free of figurative language.

According to your textbook, the main reason to keep a speaking outline brief is to

help the speaker maintain eye contact with the audience.

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? In high school I didn't have to study at all and I earned good grades in all my classes, so I'm sure I don't need to study to do well in my college classes.

invalid analogy

As your textbook explains, when preparing a speech introduction, you should usually

make the introduction about 10 to 20 percent of the entire speech.

The conclusion of a speech is an appropriate time to

reinforce your listeners' commitment to the central idea.

As a public speaker, you face ethical issues when

1. researching your speech. 2. selecting the topic for your speech. 3. organizing your speech.

What does your textbook recommend as the first step of practicing delivery?

Go through your preparation outline aloud to see if what is written works orally.

Which of the following does your textbook present as a guideline for preparing visual aids?

Keep visual aids simple.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend for adapting your nonverbal communication to the online environment?

Look into the camera as if the audience were right in front of you

What does your textbook say about eye contact for public speakers who address audiences in the United States?

Speakers should look at the audience about 80 to 90 percent of the time they are talking.

What does it mean to say that a speech of introduction should be "adapted to the main speaker"?

The speech should avoid creating discomfort for the main speaker.

Academic databases are the best place to look for

articles in scholarly journals.

Forming particular speech sounds crisply and distinctly is called

articulation

According to your textbook, saying "didja" instead of "did you" is an error in

articulation.

The main value of using expert testimony in a speech is to

build the credibility of speakers who are not experts on their topics.

According to your textbook, the type of delivery in which you plan your speech in detail and learn it well without trying to memorize the exact wording is called

extemporaneous.

Because every person has a unique __________ based on his or her own knowledge, experience, and values, the meaning of a message can never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker.

frame of reference

As your textbook explains, the primary purpose of speechmaking is to

gain a desired response from listeners.

According to your textbook, language is important because it

gives meaning to events.

According to your textbook, a(n) __________ is an imaginary story that makes a general point.

hypothetical example

A ringing cell phone or an audience member browsing the Web on her laptop during a speech are examples of which element in the speech communication process?

interference

According to the advice given in your textbook, if you make a mistake when you are giving a speech, the best thing to do is

keep going because your audience doesn't know what you had planned to say.

According to your textbook, when you reach the end of your speech, you should

maintain eye contact for a few moments to let your last line sink in.

Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else is termed the

message

Communication based on a speaker's body and voice, rather than on the use of words, is called

nonverbal communication.

According to your textbook, rather than trying to eliminate every trace of stage fright, you should aim at transforming it into

positive nervousness.

Which of the following aspects of public speaking is least likely to help strengthen your skills as a critical thinker?

practicing the delivery of your speech

Encyclopedias, yearbooks, biographical aids, and quotation books are all examples of

reference works.

Creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people or assuming that all members of the group are alike is called

stereotyping

If an Internet document identifies its author but says nothing about her or his qualifications, your textbook recommends that you

type the author's name into the Google search box.

Research has shown that the anxiety level of most speakers drops off significantly

when they are 30 to 60 seconds into the speech.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as ways to help narrow a Google search to make it more effective?

1. Develop a strategy to search for specific terms you want to find. 2. Explore specialized Google resources such as news, books, and scholar. 3. Type specific questions into the search box.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend that you do when rehearsing your first speech?

1. Rehearse the speech out loud. 2. Practice giving the speech to friends or family members. 3. Prepare notes consisting of key words and phrases.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend that you do in the conclusion of your first speech?

1. Reinforce the central idea of your speech. 2. Let the audience know your speech is ending. 3. End on a clever or thought-provoking note.

Which of the following is discussed in your textbook as a basic criterion for the effective use of language in public speaking?

1. Use language clearly. 2. Use language vividly. 3. Use language accurately.

In which of the following situations will the personal appearance of the speaker have an impact on the audience?

1. a politician presenting a campaign speech 2. a business executive giving a financial report 3. a professor giving a lecture

When choosing fonts for a PowerPoint slide, you should usually use

1. all capital letters so the lettering will be easy to read. 2. a minimum of four fonts to provide visual variety. 3. decorative fonts that are fun to experiment with. ** none above are correct

According to your textbook, when evaluating statistics you should ask whether they

1. are representative of what they claim to measure. 2. are from a reliable source. 3. use statistical measures correctly.

Visual aids are often helpful to a speaker because they can

1. enhance the clarity of a speaker's ideas. 2. make information more interesting to listeners 3. help listeners retain a speaker's ideas.

According to your textbook, effective listening can help you do which of the following?

1. gather information and communicate it accurately to others 2. get promoted in your job 3. learn effective techniques that you can use in your own speeches

As your textbook explains, many of the skills used in public speaking are the same as those used in everyday conversation. These skills include

1. organizing your thoughts logically. 2. tailoring your message to your audience. 3. telling a story for maximum impact.

According to your textbook, when you prepare speaking notes for your first speech, you should

1. write or print on only one side of the index cards or paper. 2. write down key terms and phrases rather than complete sentences. 3. double-space or triple-space your notes so they are easy to see.

You have found statistics on the Internet that you would like to use in your speech. Before you do, you need to make sure that

1. you can find the date on which they were published, posted, or updated. 2. the statistics are recent enough to make them reliable for your speech. 3. they come from a credible author or sponsoring organization.

Although most people speak at a rate of 120 to 150 words a minute, the brain can process words at a rate of

400 to 800 words a minute.

Even when we are listening carefully, we usually grasp only about __________ percent of what we hear.

50

Newspaper and periodical databases

Both catalog articles from a large number of newspapers, journals, and magazines and often provide abstracts and full texts of articles.

According to your textbook, you can make an Internet search more precise by

Both developing a search strategy and typing a specific question into the search box.

According to your textbook, the specific purpose for a speech should

Both include a reference to the audience and be written as a full infinitive phrase.

According to your textbook, charts are especially useful as visual aids when a speaker needs to

Both summarize the steps in a process and include more categories than can be presented in a pie or bar graph.

According to your textbook, people with inefficient note-taking skills usually suffer from which problem(s)?

Both they don't know what to listen for and they don't know how to record what they listen for.

Which of the following is included among the four major causes of poor listening discussed in your textbook?

Both trying to remember everything the speaker says and jumping to conclusions about the speaker's ideas

Which of the following does your textbook recommend for controlling the visual environment of an online speech?

Clean up anything in the audience's view that could distract them.

According to your textbook, brainstorming is especially helpful when you are having trouble

choosing a speech topic

Your textbook presents each of the following as a tip for using examples in a speech except

combine examples with causal reasoning.

As your textbook explains, virtual libraries are valuable for speech research because they

contain higher quality information than do regular search engines.

One main purpose of a speech of introduction is to

create a welcoming climate to build enthusiasm for the main speaker