Com 252
Perception checking process
(A complete perception check has three parts) 1.A description of the behavior you noticed 2.At least two possible interpretations of the behavior. 3.A request for clarification about how to interpret the behavior Ex. "When you stomped out of the room and slammed the door," (behavior) "I wasn't sure whether you were mad at me" (first interpretation) "or just in a hurry.'' (second interpretation) "How did you feel?" (request for clarification) Ex. "You haven't laughed much in the last couple of days." (behavior) "It makes me wonder whether something's bothering you" (First interpretation) "or whether you're just feeling quiet." (second interpretation) "what's up?" (request for clarification)
Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
-Maslow suggest that the physical, identity, social, and practical needs we have been discussing fall into five hierarchical categories each of which must be satisfied before we concern ourselves with less fundamental needs. Physical: sufficient air, water, food, and rest, and the ability to reproduce as a species. Safety: protection from threats to our well-being. Social needs: pleasure , affection companionship, escape, relaxation, and control. Self-esteem: The desire to believe that we are worthwhile, valuable people. Self-actualization: The desire to develop our potential to the maximum to become the best person we can be.
know the difference between facilitative and debilitative emotions.
Facilitative Emotion: Allows for effective funtioning effectively. Debilitative Emaotion: You can no longer funtion effectively . Detract from effective functioning
The sense
The difference in how each of us sees, hear, tastes, touches, and smells stimuli can affect interpersonal relationships. Consider the following everyday situations: "It's freezing in here." "Are you kidding? we'll suffocate if you turn up the heat!
A Transactional view
-The transactional model uses a communicator instead of the sender and receiver. -this term reflects the fact that people typically soon and receive messages simultaneously and not in a unidirectional or back-and-forth manner, as suggested by the linear model.
Self-concept
-Who you think you are can be described as your self concept: the relatively stable set of perception you hold of your self. if a special Mirror existed that reflected not only your physical features but also other aspects of yourself emotional states, talents, likes, dislikes, values, rolls and so on the reflection you would see would be your self concept. - how you define yourself
know four of the seven fallacies.
1)The Fallacy of Perfection: People who accept the fallacy of perfection believe that worthwhile communicator should be able to handle every situation with complete confidence and skill. - you'll probably assume that people wont appreciate you if you are imperfect. Admitting your mistakes, saying "I don't know," and sharing feelings of uncertainty seems like social defects when viewed in this manner. 2)The Fallacy of Approval: The fallacy of approval is based on the idea that it is not only desirable but also vital to get the approval of virtually every person. People who accept this idea go to incredible lengths to see approval from others, even when they have to sacrifice their own principles and happiness to do so. Accepting this fallacy can lead to some ludicrous situations.] 3)The Fallacy of Shoulds: The Fallacy of shoulds is the inability to distinguish between what is and what should be. You can see the difference by imagining a persons who is full of complaint about the world. -"they should be more friendly." -"you should work harder" -"I should be able to find a quick solution to every problem." 4)The Fallacy of Happiness: The Fallacy of helplessness suggest that satisfaction in life is determined by force beyond your control. People who continuously see themselves as victims make such statement as: "There's no way a women can get ahead of society. "It's a man's world, and the best thing i can do is to accept it."
"Noise" in communication
Interpersonal communication- • A transactional process involving participant who occupy different but overlapping environment and create relationship through the exchange of messages many of which are affected by external, physiological, psychological, Semantic, jargon noise External noise- • The noise in your surrounding and by other people and the environment •people sneeezing •loud nosie Physiological noise- •hunger •fatigue •headaches •pain • physiological effects from medicine that affect the way you think or feel. Psychological noise- •The mind • racial •stereotypes •biases •assumption • when we come into a conversation about the ideas of what the other person is going to say and why, we can easily become blinded to their original message. Semantic noises- •language • foreign language • type of disturbance in a transmission of a message that interferes with the interpretation of the message Jargon- • slang words • abbreviation • Word codes
Nonverbal communication
Nonverbal communication in the mind. ways we communicate in additions to words. The first area of nonverbal communication we'll discuss is the broad field of kinesics, of body position and motion. in this section, we'll explore the role that body orientation, posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact play in our relationships with one anotherAnother way we communicate nonverbally is through posture
What needs are met through communication
Physical needs: Communication is so important that it's presence or absence affects physical health in, extreme cases communication can even become a matter of life or death. Identity needs: it is away and indeed, the only way we learn who we are. Our sense of identity comes from the way we react with other people. We decide who we are based on how others react to us. Social needs: social needs that we satisfy by communicating pleasure , affection companionship, escape, relaxation, and control. Practical Goals: Communication is the most widely you supposed to satisfy what Communication scholars call instrumental goals: goals is getting other to behave in the ways we want. Basic: Communication is the tool that lets you tell your hairstylist to just take a little off the sides. More important: Communication skills are essential in virtually every career. They can make the difference between life or death. The Los Angeles police department cited "bad communication" among the most common reason for errors in shooting by it's officers.
Know the various rules in language
Semantic rules: Reflects the ways in which users of language assigns meaning to a particular linguistic symbol, usually a word. Semantic rules make it possible for us to agree that "bikes" are for riding and "books" are for reading, and they help us know who we will and won't encounter when we use, rooms marked "men" or "women". Syntactic rules: govern the grammar of language. You appreciate how syntax contributes to the meaning of a statement by considering two versions of a letter: the opposite letters came from their different syntax. Pragmatic rules: how we decide to interpret messages in a given context. Pragmantic rules govern the way speech operates in everyday interaction. Think of communication as a kind of cooperative game. Like all games, success depends on all of the players understanding and following the same set of rules. This is why communication scholars use the term coordination to describe the way conversations operates when everyone involved uses the same set of pramatic rules. Ex. Most people understand the pragmatic rule that says "Would you like a drink?" means "Would you like an alcoholic beverage?" whereas "Would you like something to drink?" is a more opened-ended question.
Understand what the process of self-monitoring is.
Whereas increased cognitive complexity and empathy help you understand others better, self-monitoring is one way to understand yourself better. Psychologists use the term self-monitoring to describe the process of paying close attention to one's behavior and using these observations to shape the way one behaves.